Music system

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Music: expresses people's thoughts and feelings through vivid artistic images and reflects social real life. It can make us happy or it can make us sad. It meets people's aesthetic needs and cultivates people's sentiments. It is the most common language among people in the world.

Elements of musical language: including melody, rhythm, beat, speed, intensity, range, timbre, harmony, mode, key, etc.

Melody refers to an organized series of musical tones of different lengths, heights, and strengths. It is the foundation and soul of music.

Rhythm refers to the length relationship of organized sounds.

Rhythm refers to the regular alternation of strong beats and weak beats of equal duration.

Tempo refers to how fast or slow the music progresses.

Dynamics refers to the strength and weakness of the music's progression.

Vocal range refers to the range of vocals or music in a certain work. Usually divided into treble area, midrange area and bass area.

Timbre refers to the acoustic characteristics of different voices or musical instruments.

Harmony refers to the simultaneous combination of sounds and their continuous progression.

Mode means that several tones form a system according to a certain relationship, with one of the tones as the center (the main tone). This system is called mode.

Tonality refers to the characteristics of mode.

Musical sound: a sound that vibrates regularly and sounds distinctly high and low.

Noise: Irregular vibrations, sounds with unclear pitch.

Music system: the sum of musical tones used in music.

Tone level: Each sound in the musical system is called a level. It includes basic pitch levels and varying pitch levels.

Semitone: On the piano keyboard, the pitch relationship between any two adjacent keys is a semitone.

Whole tone: On the piano keyboard, the pitch relationship between any two keys separated by one key is a whole tone.

Sound name: the name of the sound. Represented by C, D, E, F, G, A, B.

Roll call: The name used when singing music. Sing with do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si.

Sound group: The seven basic sound levels are repeated cyclically, producing many sounds with the same name but different pitches, so they can be divided into several groups, and these groups are called sound groups.

Medium: the absolute height of each note in the musical system. At present, the temperament widely used in countries around the world is the twelve equal temperament, and there are also the pure temperament and the temperament of fifths.

Twelve equal temperament: Divide the octave into twelve equal parts.

Fundamental tone and overtone: When the string vibrates and pronounces, not only the whole string vibrates, but its second, third, fourth... also vibrates and pronounces. The sound produced by the vibration of the whole string, that is, the sound that can be heard most clearly, is called the fundamental sound; the sound produced by the vibration of other sections is not easy to hear clearly, and is called overtone.

Vocal range: refers to the musical sound system, human voice, musical instrument or the pitch range of a certain work.

Chords

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Chord: Three or more musical tones of different pitches, combined according to certain rules, are called chords.

Triad: Three tones superimposed in thirds are called triads. The three tones from bottom to top are called root, third and fifth. Triads include major, minor, augmented and diminished triads.

1. Major triad: the root to the third is a major third, the third to the fifth is a minor third, and the root to the fifth is a perfect fifth.

2. Minor triad: the root to the third is the minor third, the third to the fifth is the major third, and the root to the fifth is the perfect fifth.

3. Augmented triad: the root to the third and fifth are all major thirds, and the root to the fifth are augmented fifths.

4. Diminished triad: The root note to the third note and the fifth note are all minor thirds, and the root note to the fifth note is the diminished fifth.

Seventh chords: A chord in which four notes are stacked in thirds is called a seventh chord. The four tones from bottom to top are called root, third, fifth and seventh. Seventh chords include major and minor sevenths, minor sevenths, diminished sevenths, diminished sevenths, augmented sevenths, major sevenths, minor major sevenths, etc.

1. Major and minor seventh chords: A chord based on the major trichord, with the root and seventh notes being minor sevenths.

2. Minor seventh chord: A chord based on the minor triad, with the root and seventh notes being minor sevenths.

3. Diminished seventh chord: Based on the diminished triad, the root and seventh notes are minor sevenths.

4. Diminished seventh chord: Based on the diminished triad, the root and seventh notes are diminished seventh chords.

5. Augmented seventh chord: Based on the augmented triad, the root and seventh notes are major seventh chords.

6. Major seventh chord: Based on the major triad, the root and seventh notes are major seventh chords.

7. Minor major seventh chord: A chord based on the minor triad, with the root and seventh notes being major sevenths.

Position chord: A chord with the root note of the chord as the bass is called a root position chord.

Inversion chords: Chords with the third, fifth, and seventh notes of the chord as the bass are called inversion chords.

(Triads have two inversions, seventh chords have three inversions).

Sixth chord: the first inversion of a triad, with the third note as the bass.

Fourth and Sixth Chord: The second inversion of the triad, with the fifth note as the bass.

The fifth and sixth chords: the first inversion of the seventh chord, with the third note as the bass.

Third and fourth chord: The second inversion of the seventh chord, with the fifth note as the bass.

Second chord: The third inversion of the seventh chord, with the seventh note as the bass.

Staves

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Stave: five equidistant parallel horizontal lines used to record notes and rests.

Clef: A symbol that determines the name and height of the musical notes between the lines of the staff. There are three types of clefs: treble clef, bass clef, and alto clef (because they are changed from the letters G, F, and C, they are also called G, F, and C clefs).

Staff: The staff with high (low, middle) clefs is called high (low, middle) clef or G (F, C) clef.

Note: a symbol used to represent the duration of a musical note.

Rest: A symbol used to indicate a pause in sound.

The composition of notes: note head, stem, and tail.

Notes

Rest

Duration

Whole note

Full rest

Four beats

Half note

Half note rest

Two beats

Quarter note

Quarter note

One beat

Eighth note

Eighth rest

Half beat

Sixteenth note

Sixteenth note rest

Quarter beat

Thirty-second note

Thirty-second note

Eighth beat

Dotted note (rest): The small dot written on the right side of the note is called dotted note. Dotted notes (rests) are called dotted notes (rests). A dot indicates that the note is prolonged (rested) by half its value.

Tieve "" or "": When used on two or more notes with the same pitch, it means that they are to be sung (played) into one note, and its duration is equal to these The sum of note durations.

Tennis "" or "": 1. Indicates that when singing (playing), the duration of a note or rest can be extended freely according to the needs of performance. 2. The fermata in measure one indicates a short pause between the two measures. 3. The continuum on the double vertical line indicates the end of the music.

Rising and falling notation: a notation used to indicate raising or lowering the basic pitch level.

1. The sharp sign "" means raising the original sound by a semitone.

2. The flat sign "" means lowering the original sound by a semitone.

3. Restore mark "": means to restore the raised or lowered sound.

4. The re-raising mark "" means raising the original sound by one whole tone.

5. The double flat mark "" means lowering the original sound by one whole tone.

Note: Sharps and flats are valid for the following notes of the same height in this section. After passing the section line, if there is still a semitone relationship, you need to write another mark, otherwise it will be restored and there is no need to remember "" Number.

Repeat notation: used to indicate repeated performance of part or all of a piece of music.

1. The repetition of sound patterns within a measure is replaced by a slash "/", and the number of slashes is equivalent to the number of symbols.

2. Repetition of an entire section is indicated by "" or "" marks.

3. The repetition of two measures is marked with "" or "" between the two measures.

4. "" means that the middle part of these two marks should be played repeatedly. If you repeat from the beginning, the preceding mark "" can be omitted.

Continue with “2.”.

Return and repeat notation:

(D.C): Some music is composed of three parts. The first and third parts are exactly the same. When notating, the third part can be replaced by the return and repetition notation.

Writing method: Write "D.C" at the end of the second part to indicate that the song will be repeated from the beginning; write "Fine" or "" at the end of the first part to indicate the end of the repetition.

(D.S.): If the repeat position is not at the beginning of the first part of the music, use a "" mark to indicate the repeat position, and a "D.S." or "" mark at the end of the second part.

Octave mark:

The octave mark "8----|" means that the notes within the dotted line should be moved up an octave when played.

Move the octave lower mark "8----|": Indicates that the notes within the dotted line move an octave lower when singing and playing.

Repeated octave mark "8": Use the number 8 on the upper (lower) surface of the note to indicate that the pitch (lower) octave is repeated.

You can also use "con8----8----|" and "con8----|" to express a longer octave higher or lower octave repetition.

The staccato marks "·", "", "": indicate that this sound is interrupted in singing.

Sustained tone symbols: 1. "": Indicates that the note with this symbol should maintain intensity when singing and try to maintain the duration of the note.

2. "": It means that the notes with this mark are slightly stronger when played, and there is a slight separation between the notes.

Arpeggio "": Playing each note in the chord in sequence from bottom to top is called arpeggio playing method.

Boeing: 1. Smooth Boeing "": It starts with the main tone, quickly enters the adjacent tone above, and immediately returns to the main tone.

2. Inverse wave "": It starts with the main tone, then enters the adjacent tone below, and then immediately returns to the main tone.

3. Fushun (reverse) Boeing "" (""): the upper (lower) adjacent sound appears twice in a row.

Appropriate tone: 1. Pre-appropriate tone "": one or more very short ornamental tones sung before the main note.

2. Back-appropriate tone "": one or more very short decorative tones sung after the main note.

Trill "tr": formed by the rapid and even alternation of the main sound and the adjacent sound above it.

Portamento: Use curves or arrows to indicate that "" or "" means sliding up, and "" or "" means sliding down.