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The so-called interval refers to the relationship between two sound levels in pitch, which refers to the distance between two notes in pitch. Its unit name is called degree. In our daily lives, there are many units of measurement. For example, lengths can be measured in kilometers, meters, centimeters, feet, inches, and weight units can be kilograms, liang, etc. The musical interval also has a unit of measurement, which is "degree", also called "degree". It also contains "sound", also called "sound number". The size and name of musical intervals are determined by "degree" and "number of notes". Every line and every space on the staff is a degree. When two sounds are on the same line, or in the same space, the interval relationship between the two sounds is called "one degree", or "same degree". If there are two sounds, one is on the line and the other is in the space immediately adjacent to this sound, then the interval relationship between the two sounds is called: "second degree". If the two tones are on a line and are on the two nearest lines, or the two tones are also in the two nearest intervals, the interval relationship between the two tones is called: "third". It is the degree of the musical interval. That is, how many pitch levels are there between two tones. The difference between two notes is several units of natural note names, including the starting note, and there are several note names along the scale. The difference between two adjacent keys on the piano (including the black key) is a semitone, and two semitones equal a whole tone. The following uses semitones to calculate various common intervals -

A distance of 0 semitones: pure one degree (DO-DO, MI-MI)

A distance of 1 semitone: a minor second ( MI-FA), augmented degree (DO-#DO)

2 semitones apart: major second (DO-RE), diminished third (#RE-FA)

3 semitones away: minor third, augmented second

4 semitones away: major third, diminished fourth

5 semitones away: perfect fourth

< p> 6 semitones away: augmented fourth, diminished fifth

7 semitones away: perfect fifth

8 semitones away: minor sixth

9 semitones away: major 6th

10 semitones away: minor 7th

11 semitones away: major 7th

12 semitones away : Pure octave

Because the four degrees of one, four, five and eight are considered to be the most harmonious intervals in terms of harmony, these degrees are preceded by the word pure, so we also call them It is a harmonious interval, namely a perfect first, a perfect fourth, a perfect fifth, and a perfect octave. Among musical intervals, the most common are major, minor and pure. Because pure intervals are harmonious, they are no longer called major or minor. In music theory, there are no such terms as major fourth or minor fifth. In other cases of the same degree, a major interval must be one semitone more than a minor interval. For example, a major third must be one semitone more than a minor third. However, sometimes due to temporary notations, there may be more than a major third. In the case of a semitone, this interval is called an augmented third, such as FA and #LA, which are augmented thirds. On the contrary, if it is one semitone less than a minor third, it is called a diminished third, such as #RE and #LA. FA. In the case of pure intervals, the difference between DO and FA is 5 semitones, which is called a pure fourth. However, the difference between FA and SI is 6 semitones, which is one semitone more than the normal pure fourth. At this time, we call it a pure fourth. As the standard state, the intervals of FA and SI are called augmented fourths, and the perfect fifths and diminished fifths are the same as above.

Therefore, 1, 4, 5, and 8 are called pure because of harmony, and 2, 3, 6, and 7 are classified into large and small because of disharmony.

Let me teach you a method that is easy to distinguish between big and small:

First of all, you must understand the inversion of sounds. The root sound (lower sound) and crown sound (upper sound) of an interval are reversed, which is called interval inversion. Intervals can be inverted within an octave or beyond. When transposing an interval, you can move the root note or the coronal note, or you can move the root note and the coronal note together.

Secondly, all intervals are divided into two groups, which can be reversed.

The total number of intervals that can be reversed is 9. Therefore, if we want to know how many intervals a certain interval becomes after being transposed, we can subtract the series of the original interval from 9. For example: after the seventh degree (7) is transposed (9-7=2), it becomes the second degree, Others can be deduced by analogy.

Except for pure intervals, other intervals become the opposite intervals after being converted: pure intervals become pure intervals after being inverted, major intervals and minor intervals are transformed into each other through inversion, and augmented intervals and diminished intervals are converted into each other through inversion. They can be converted into each other, but after the inversion of an increased octave, it is not a subtraction of one degree, but a subtraction of an octave. Doubled intervals and doubled diminished intervals can be converted into each other after inversion. For example: DO-XI, first transpose to become XI-DO, which is a minor second degree, then turn it to become a major seventh degree.