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Arnall Arnold Schoenberg, an Austrian-American composer, music educator and music theorist, is a representative figure of Western modernist music. Born in Vienna on September 13, 1874, died in Los Angeles, USA on July 13, 1951. He studied violin and cello at an early age and began composing music at the age of 12. As a composer, Schoenberg was largely self-taught.

He composed "Night of Sublimation" in 1899 and began to compose "Song of Gulei" in 1900. Both of them belong to the romantic style after Wagner. In 1901, he went to Berlin and served as conductor of a pub band, and later taught at the Stern Conservatory of Music. Since then, he traveled between Vienna and Berlin with almost no interruption in teaching activities. The most famous of his students is the Austrian composer A. Berg and A. von． Weben (their teachers and students are often called the New Viennese School, the "Expressionist" music genre). In his works from 1903 to 1907, he gave full play to the changing tones and harmonies, and the tonal structure became increasingly elusive. Until 1908, in the "Three Piano Pieces" and the vocal suite "The Hanging Garden", his incomprehensible Tonality begins and ends. In 1911, he published the famous book "Harmony", and at the same time he also engaged in painting, and the "expressionist" style emerged vividly on the paper. In 1912, he composed Piero di Moonlight for the actress Albertine Zimmer. This was a work for recitative and chamber music. Its premiere in Vienna aroused deeper hostility, but the early-style "Ancient" The premiere of "Thunder Song" in Vienna was very successful. In 1912, "Five Orchestral Pieces" premiered in London. Schoenberg served in the Austrian army from 1915 to 1917. In 1918, the Vienna Private Music Performance Society was organized to perform new music of the 20th century. In 1933, after the Nazis came to power, he immigrated to the United States. From 1935 to 1944, he taught at the University of Southern California and the University of California, Los Angeles. He became a U.S. citizen in 1940.

Schoenberg was a composer with a bold and innovative spirit. Introduction to Schoenberg Arnold. His works have caused great controversy. He pioneered the atonal music of the "twelve-tone system" and trained many composers of the "twelve-tone system". His major and epoch-making reforms in music have influenced a large number of young composers, such as Dalla Piccola, Shinnek and Shostakovich, who were all influenced by him to varying degrees. Influence. Schoenberg's music creation is generally divided into two periods: the first period is from about 1897 to 1908. His works of this period have the characteristics of late Romanticism and are deeply influenced by Wagner. His works at this time have not yet completely abandoned tonality. The second period is from about 1908 to 1912. The works of this period are already characterized by the "Schoenberg style". The music of this period had the characteristics of expressionism. His "twelve-tone system" was fully mature, and many of his important works were written during this period.

Schoenberg's main works include: the symphonic poem "Night of Light", "Pelleas and Melisande", "Chamber Symphony", the opera "Expectation" and for recitals and male voices "A Survivor of Warsaw" written for chorus and orchestra. In addition, there are several string quartets and many piano and vocal works. In addition to writing a large number of musical works, Schoenberg also has many music theory works, including "Tutorial on Harmony", "Structure and Function of Harmony", "Style and Thought" and so on.

Stage music: "Expectation", "The Hand of Fortune"; orchestral music: "Pelléas et Mélisande", "Chamber Symphony" (composed for fifteen solo instruments), "Five Orchestral Pieces"; Vocal and instrumental music: "Songs of Gulei" (five soloists, recitals, chorus and orchestra), "Piero in the Moonlight" (recitations and chamber ensemble), "The Warsaw Survivors" (recitations, male chorus and orchestra) ); Chamber music: "String Quartet in D minor", "String Quartet in F sharp minor", "Sublimation Night" (String Sextet); Piano: "Five Musical Pieces", "Six Little Pieces"; Songs: "The Hanging Garden" (Fifteen Soprano Songs).

Schoenberg was one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. His huge changes in musical style led to a ground-breaking revolution in 20th century music. In the early days of his creation, he inherited the style of post-romantic masters such as Wagner and ***, and created some famous masterpieces by using the music of the changing system and large-scale and complex structures. In the middle period, he completely abandoned the post-romantic approach, and the form turned to small, relying on the rapid replacement of colors to achieve musical changes. The rhythm and counterpoint of the musical elements became more and more complex, the melody line became more and more fragmented, and got rid of The music style has changed from a tonal center to "atonality". In his later years, the "expressionist" style of his works emerged vividly on the page. The music collection was extremely dissonant and non-thematic, the rhythms broke into atoms, the melodies were fragmented, the orchestration was weird, and the music no longer pursued the true meaning of general meanings. With the introduction of Schonberg Arnold, it uses a penetrating approach to express the composer's extremely complex emotions, his masterpiece "Piero in the Moonlight". His late opera "Moses and Aaron" embodies profound philosophical thoughts, strong musical expression, and powerful structure. It is recognized as an immortal masterpiece of the 20th century.

Arnold Schoenberg