1. Common sense about the Book of Songs
1. The Book of Songs is the first collection of poems in my country.
It collects 305 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC) to the middle Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC) about 500 years ago. The poems in "The Book of Songs" had been circulated in the world during the Spring and Autumn Period, and were called "Poems" or "Three Hundred Poems" at that time.
2. The Book of Songs is divided into three parts: "Wind", "Ya" and "Song". "Wind" is a ballad from various places in the Zhou Dynasty; "Ya" is a formal song of the Zhou people, and is divided into "Xiaoya" and "Daya"; Song", "Song of Lu" and "Song of Shang".
3. The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and banquets, and even celestial phenomena, landforms, animals, plants and other aspects. It is A mirror of social life in the Zhou Dynasty. 4. The Book of Songs is such a great book, which opens a paradigm for excellent traditional Chinese literature: in the river of time, good poetry, and even good literature, are ultimately related to time. The valleys trickle down and merge into the wider ocean of time and space, flowing endlessly.
5. Confucius compiled the "Book of Songs" and selected the most representative poems from the vast sea of ??folk poems. He placed poems describing the love between men and women in the first place, and included homosexual poems openly. In the meantime, it is the greatest respect for human nature. The joy of life and the suffering of the people, "The Book of Songs" is full of vivid life scenes.
Reference material: Baidu Encyclopedia - The Book of Songs
Reference material: People's Daily Online - Restore the life scene of "The Book of Songs"
Reference material: People's Daily Online - The Book of Songs information.
2. Collection of Meng's knowledge
Meng has two meanings: one is a Chinese word, which is mostly pronounced as méng in ancient times and máng in modern times; the other is "The Book of Songs·" The title of the chapter "Wei Feng" narrates the process of a woman from falling in love, getting married, to being abandoned. Her feelings of sadness, anger, and decisive attitude profoundly reflect the oppression and harm to women caused by the unequal marriage system between men and women in society at that time. Although it is a narrative poem, it has a strong sense of emotion.
Chinese character: Meng
Variant: Meng
Pinyin: máng méng
Pinyin: ㄇㄤˊ ㄇㄥˊ
Font structure
Radical: Shi
Radical strokes: 4
Total strokes: 8
Kangxi dictionary strokes ( Meng: 8; )
Look up the character by decomposing the first and last words: subjugate the people (two tones of wang and two tones of min)
Structure of Chinese character parts: subjugate the people
Wubi 86: YNNA
Wubi 98: YNNA
Cangjie: YVRVP
Four corners number: 07747
UniCode: U+6C13
Standardized Chinese character number: 1226
Stroke order number: 41551515
Stroke order reading and writing: 捺溺溺溺溺曰曰曰曰曰曰曰溺攺溺曰曰曰Literary knowledge
"The Book of Songs" is my country's first comprehensive collection of poems. It contains 311 poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period over 500 years, also known as "Three Hundred Poems".
In the pre-Qin period, it was called "Poetry", or the whole number was called "Poetry Three Hundred". It was revered as a Confucian classic during the Western Han Dynasty and was first called the Book of Songs, which is still used today.
The Book of Songs is the oldest collection of poetry in China. It includes folk songs (wind) and works of scholar-bureaucrats from about 2500 to 3000 BC and 400 to 500 years ago. (Ya), and the eulogy of worshiping the gods (Ode). Legend has it that in the Zhou Dynasty of China, there was an official who collected poems. Every spring, he would rock a wooden instrument and go deep into the folk to collect folk songs. He would sort out the works that could reflect the joys and sufferings of the people and give them to the Taishi (the official in charge of music) to compose music and sing to the emperor. , as a reference for governance.
By the Spring and Autumn Period, it is said that there were more than 3,000 poems handed down. Later, Confucius deleted the inappropriate ones, leaving only 311 poems (including six Sheng poems: Nanmei, Bai Hua, Hua Shu, You Geng, Chong Qiu, You Yi), later for convenience, it was called "Three Hundred Poems".
The content of the poem includes: Feng (Fifteen Kingdoms: Zhou Nan, Zhaonan, Bei, Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao, Bin), mostly after polishing Folk songs.
Gufeng, why the grass is not yellow, etc. Odes (three odes: Zhou ode, Lu ode, Shang ode) are originally songs that praise gods or ancestors during sacrifices, but the four Lu odes all praise the living Duke Xi of Lu, and there are also flattering kings in the Shang odes. of poetry.
Among the disciples of Confucius, Zixia had the strongest understanding of poetry, so he passed on the poetry. By the early Han Dynasty, poetry writers included Shen Peigong from Lu, Yuan Gusheng from Qi, and Han Ying from Yan, collectively known as the Three Poems.
Qi poetry died in the Wei Dynasty, Lu poetry died in the Western Jin Dynasty, and Han poetry was still alive in the Tang Dynasty, but now there are only ten volumes of external works left. As for the Book of Songs currently circulating, they are Mao's poems passed down by Mao Gong (Big Mao Gong: Mao Heng, Xiao Mao Gong: Mao Chang).
This is to quote the "Book of Songs" from the anthology of Wang Aijun of the International Junyou Association. "The Book of Songs" is my country's first collection of realistic poems, with 305 poems in total, so it is also called "Three Hundred Poems".
According to the purpose and music, it is divided into three parts: "Feng, Ya, and Song". The wind refers to the folk songs of various places, the Ya among them is mostly the royal palace music of the nobles, and the Song is the Zhou Dynasty song. The dance and music used by the emperor and the princes to worship the ancestral temple. The main expression techniques of "The Book of Songs" are Fu, Bi and Xing.
The direct statement of the matter is called a poem; the metaphor is called a comparison; the first mention of other things to arouse the excitement of the thing being chanted is called a poem. There are 305 poems in the Book of Songs (another 6 poems have titles but no content, that is, they have goals but no words, and are called Sheng poems).
4. Knowledge about "Mang" in "The Book of Songs"
The title of "The Book of Songs Wei Feng" describes a woman's journey from love, marriage, abuse to abandonment The process, emotional grief, indignation, and decisive attitude profoundly reflected the oppression and harm to women caused by the unequal marriage system in society at that time. Although it is a narrative poem, it has a strong sense of emotion.
1. Chichi of Meng: Meng, (méng), Chichi: honest appearance. 2. Cloth: currency. Let's talk about cloth. 3. That is: close. 4. Plan: discuss. 5. Dunqiu: place name. 6. Sui (qiān): too much, wrong. 7. Jiang: willing, please. 8. 垞垣: 垝 (guǐ), 垞垣: a dilapidated wall. 9. Fuguan: the residence of the man in the poem. As soon as he said he would return to Guan. 10. Divination: use tortoise shell to predict good or bad luck. 11. Yarrow (Poem): Use yarrow to predict good or bad luck. 12. Body: the body of divination. 13. Blame words: ominous, unlucky words. 14. Bribery: property, dowry. 15. Woruo: moist appearance. 16. Dove: Turtle dove. Legend has it that turtledoves will get drunk if they eat too many mulberries. 17. Chén: indulge in love. 18. Say: Take off. 19. Meteor: Fall. 20. Xur: Go to your house and marry you. 21. Poverty: live a poor life. 22. Gradually: getting wet. 23. Shuang: Wrong. 2: Error. 24. Wangji: No rules and bad behavior. 25. Two or three virtues: three minds and two minds. 26. Sui: long. 27. Zhi: Wisdom. 28.咥(xī): Big smile. 29. Gong: oneself, oneself. 30. Qi: Qi water. 31. Xi: When it is wet, the name of water is Luohe River. 32. Pan (pàn): Tongpan, bank, waterside. 33. General angle: In ancient times, children braided their braids on both sides. [Commentary] "Meng" is a narrative poem. Narrative poetry has a storyline, and there is lyricism and discussion in the narrative. The author uses the first person "I" to narrate the story, using the techniques of recollection and comparison. Chapters 1 and 2 trace the love life. The heroine "sends off her son to Sheqi" and advises the gangsters to "not be angry"; "when they see each other again, they laugh and talk", she is a warm and gentle girl. Chapters three, four and five trace married life. The third chapter, with the rise, summarizes the life experience I have gained: "When you are a girl, you have no time to spend time with scholars!" The fourth chapter, with the rise, summarizes the "three-year-old food poverty" and "the scholars are also extremely ignorant. Two or three of its virtues”. The sixth chapter expresses the feelings and determination after "I have mourned myself": "If I don't think about it, that's it!" The author follows the plot clues of "love - marriage - decision". By writing about the heroine's experience of being abandoned, the author creates an image of a hard-working, gentle, and strong woman, and expresses the strong desire of ancient women to pursue independent marriage and a happy life.
5. Literary common sense about Liu Zongyuan
There are more than 140 poems by Liu Zongyuan in a collection. In the poetry world of the Tang Dynasty, when everyone came out in large numbers and flowers bloomed, he was one of the best preserved poems. There is only one little one, but there are many masterpieces handed down from generation to generation. On the basis of his unique life experience and thoughts and feelings, he drew on the artistic experience of his predecessors, gave full play to his creative talents, created a unique artistic style, and became an outstanding poetic talent representing a school at that time.
Liu Zongyuan's prose is as famous as Han Yu. Together with Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi of the Song Dynasty, Han and Liu are known as the "Eight Great Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties" and can be called the most outstanding essayists in the history of our country. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan and Han Yu launched and led an ancient prose movement in the literary world. They put forward a series of ideological theories and literary propositions.
Liu Zongyuan also left excellent works for future generations in terms of travel notes and fables. "Eight Notes of Yongzhou" has become a masterpiece of ancient Chinese landscape travel notes. These beautiful landscape travel notes vividly express people's feelings about the beauty of nature, enriching the new realm of classical prose that reflects life, thus establishing the status of landscape notes as an independent literary genre in the history of literature.
Extended information:
Anecdotes and allusions
Liuzhou follows a cruel custom, "Take a man and a woman hostage for money, and redeem them from time to time. The sons are in love with each other. They will become slaves." Liu Zongyuan issued a decree to "reform the laws of his country" so that those who became slaves could still pay for redemption.
The decree formulated a set of methods for the release of slaves, stipulating that those who had become slaves could have their wages calculated based on their working time while serving their creditors. After paying off the debt with wages, he immediately regains his freedom of life and returns home to reunite with his relatives. This move was welcomed by poor people and was later implemented in prefectures and counties outside Liuzhou.
Commemoration for later generations
Liu Zongyuan Memorial Hall is located in Liuhou Park, Liuzhou City, Guangxi. It mainly consists of Liuhou Temple, Liu Zongyuan's Clothing Tomb, and Ganxiang Pavilion. Liuhou Temple, formerly known as Luochi Temple, was built in 822 AD. In December 1995, it was named the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Patriotism Education Base.
Han Yu's "Liuzhou Luochi Temple Stele" is a collection of articles, which expresses the Liuzhou people's longing for Liu Zongyuan.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Liu Zongyuan
6. Essential literary knowledge for junior high schools (Chinese version)
Summary of common knowledge about Chinese literature for junior high schools (1) 1. Common metonymic words : 1. Hometown: hometown 2. Tao Li: student 3. Sheji, Xuanyuan: country 4. Nanguan: prisoner 5. Classmate: classmate 6. Beacon smoke: war 7. Heroine: woman 8. Silk and bamboo: music 9. Man: man 10 , Chanjuan, Chang'e: moon 11, siblings: brothers 12, history: annals 13, husband and wife: husband and wife 14, Bai Ding, commoner: common people 15, stooped, yellow hair: old man 16, mulberry: farming 17, support, young lady: child 18 , Three feet: law 19. Beneath the knees: parents 20. Canopy: luck 21. Letter, slip, note, Hongyan, Zha: letter 22. Temple: imperial court 2. Author's works: 1. Eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu , Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong 2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Han Liu". They are the advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty.
3. Three poets, father and son: Su Xun (old Su), Su Shi (big Su), and Su Che (little Su). 4. The bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, collectively known as "Su Xin"; the graceful poets: Li Qingzhao (female poet) 5. Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu.
Xiao Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: my country's earliest great poet. He created the new poetry style "Chu Ci" and created the romantic style of Chinese poetry.
7. Confucius, whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was from the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was the founder of the Confucian school and was called the "Sage of Confucius", while Mencius was called the "Ya Sage". They were both It is called "Confucius and Mencius". 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei that "there are paintings in poems, and poems in paintings."
9. Du Fu was a great realist poet in the Tang Dynasty. His poems reflected social reality extensively and profoundly, and he was called " "History of Poetry", Du Fu was also revered as the "Sage of Poetry", including the famous "Three Officials": "Tongguan Officials", "Shihao Officials", "Xin'an Officials"; "Three Farewells": "Wedding Farewell", "Chui Officials" Farewell to the Old Man" and "Farewell to No Home".
10. The first biographical general history of our country is "Shi Ji" (also known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"). The author is Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty. Lu Xun called "Shi Ji" "the swan song of historians, the unrhymed "Li Sao"", including: 12 chronicles, 30 families, 70 biographies, 10 tables, 8 books, and 130 articles.
11. "Four Histories": "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Later Hanshu", and "Three Kingdoms". 12. The four great masters of Yuan opera: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu and Ma Zhiyuan.
13. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is my country's first collection of outstanding classical Chinese short stories. The author is Pu Songling, a famous novelist in the Qing Dynasty. "Liao Zhai" is the name of his bookstore, "Zhi" refers to narrative, and "Yi" refers to strange things.
14. The four masters of calligraphy: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xun, Zhao Meng (fǔ) 15. The main schools and representatives of the Hundred Schools of Thought during the Warring States Period: Confucianism: Confucius, Mencius, Legalism: Han Feizi, Taoism: Zhuangzi, Liezi, Mohism: Mozi 16. The Four Great Masters of the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, You Miao 17. Frontier Poets: Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling 18. Tang Zong: Tang Taizong Li Shimin Song Ancestor: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Emperor Qin: Qin Shihuang Yingzheng Hanwu : Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty 19. my country’s first pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He “would not bend his waist for five buckets of rice.” 20. The four great misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Poultry, and Abagon.
21. The typical Chinese miser: Yan Jiansheng. 3. The best of Chinese literature: The earliest poetry collection is the Book of Songs; the earliest patriotic poet is Qu Yuan; the earliest pastoral poet is Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; the earliest and most outstanding frontier poets are Gao Shi and Cen Shen of the prosperous Tang Dynasty; The most outstanding bold poet in ancient times is Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty; the most outstanding female poet in ancient times is Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; the most famous patriotic poet in ancient times is Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty; the greatest romantic poet in ancient times is Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty; The greatest realist poet in ancient times is Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty; the patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times is Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty; the most famous long-form mythological novel in ancient times is "Journey to the West" by Wu Chengen in the Ming Dynasty; the most famous long-form historical novel in ancient times is the Ming Dynasty's "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong in the early days; the earliest novel about peasant uprisings in ancient times was "Water Margin" by Shi Naian in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties; the greatest realistic novel in ancient times was "A Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty; the most outstanding ancient novel The best long satirical novel is Wu Jingzi's "The Scholars" in the Qing Dynasty; the most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times is "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" by Pu Songling in the Qing Dynasty; the earliest quotation-style prose in ancient times is "The Analects"; the earliest ancient narratives The most detailed chronological history book is "Zuo Zhuan"; the earliest historical general history in ancient times is "Shiji"; the most outstanding inscription in ancient times is "The Inscription on the Humble Room" by Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty; the greatest modern litterateur is Lu Xun; the most outstanding modern novel It is "Midnight" by Mao Dun; the most influential short story collection in modern times is "The Scream" by Lu Xun.
4. Cultural knowledge: 1. The Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty: Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and King Luo Bin. 2. Three Kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu.
3. "Four Classical Masterpieces": "A Dream of Red Mansions", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Water Margin", and "Journey to the West". 4. "Four Folk Legends": "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "Meng Jiangnu", and "The Legend of the White Snake".
5. The world’s four short story masters: Chekhov, Maupassant, Mark Twain, and O. Henry. 6. Su Shi's prose represents the highest achievement of prose in the Northern Song Dynasty. His poems are called "Su Huang" together with Huang Tingjian.
7. Ma Zhiyuan’s representative Sanqu work "Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts" is known as the "ancestor of Autumn Thoughts". 8. Cao Xueqin created the greatest realistic work "A Dream of Red Mansions" (also known as "The Story of the Stone") among Chinese classical novels by "reading it for ten years, adding and deleting five times". It has been widely circulated since its publication, and is deeply loved by people. A discipline specializing in the study of this book - "Red Studies" - has emerged, and "Red Studies" has now become an important topic in the study of world literature.
9. Lu Xun is the founder of modern Chinese literature, and Chen Yi is called the "marshal poet"; Zang Kejia is known as the "earth poet" because most of his poems are about rural themes; Tianjian was praised by Wen Yiduo as "The drummer of the times" (drum poet). 10. Three friends of Suihan: pine, bamboo and plum.
11. The four gentlemen of flowers: plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum. 12. The four friends of literati: piano, chess, calligraphy and painting.
13. The four treasures of the study: pen, ink, paper, and inkstone. 14. Sikuquanshu: Jing, Shi, Zi, Ji.
15. The "Six Meanings" in "The Book of Songs" refer to: wind, elegance, and praise (.
7. Comprehensive knowledge of literature
Comprehensive knowledge of literature 1. Common knowledge Metaphoric words: 1. sangzi: hometown 2. peach and plum: student 3. Sheji, Xuanyuan: country 4. Nanguan: prisoner 5. classmate: classmate 6. beacon: war 7. heroine: woman 8. silk and bamboo: music 9. man: Men 10. Chanjuan, Chang'e: moon 11. Siblings: brothers 12. History: annals 13. Husband and wife: husband and wife 14. Bai Ding, commoner: common people 15. Qiang, yellow hair: old man 16. Sangma: farming 17. Support and care: Child 18. Three feet: law 19. Beneath the knee: parents 20. Canopy: luck 21. Letter, slip, note, wild goose, note: letter 22. Temple: imperial court 2. Author's works: 1. Eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties: Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan , Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Che, Wang Anshi, Zeng Gong 2. Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Han Liu". They are the advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty
3. One discipline. The three poets, father and son: Su Xun (old Su), Su Shi (big Su), and Su Zhe (little Su). 4. The bold poets: Su Shi and Xin Qiji, collectively known as "Su Xin"; the graceful poets: Li Qingzhao ( Female poet) 5. Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu.
Little Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu. 6. Qu Yuan: the earliest great poet in my country, he created the new poetry style of "Chu Ci". Created the romantic style of Chinese poetry.
7. Confucius, whose name was Qiu and whose courtesy name was Zhongni, was a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was the founder of the Confucian school and was called the "Sage of Confucius". "Ya Sheng", the two were both called "Confucius and Mencius" 8. Su Shi praised Wang Wei as "there are paintings in poems, and poems in paintings." 9. Du Fu was a great realist in the Tang Dynasty. A poet whose poems reflect social reality extensively and profoundly, he is known as the "History of Poetry". Therefore, Du Fu is respected as the "Sage of Poetry". He has the famous "Three Officials": "Tongguan Officials", "Shihao Officials", and "Xin'an Officials" "Officials"; "Three Farewells": "Newly Married Farewell", "Elderly Farewell", and "Wujia Farewell". 10. The first biographical general history of our country is "Shi Ji" (also known as "Tai Shi Gong Shu"), written by Han. Sima Qian of the dynasty, Lu Xun called "Historical Records" "the swan song of historians, the unrhymed "Li Sao"", which includes: 12 annals, 30 aristocratic families, 70 biographies, 10 lists, 8 books, and 130 chapters.
11. "Four Histories": "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Book of the Later Han", and "Three Kingdoms" 12. The four great masters of Yuan Opera: Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, Bai Pu, and Ma Zhiyuan.
13. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is my country's first collection of outstanding short stories in classical Chinese. The author is Pu Songling, a famous novelist in the Qing Dynasty. "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" is the name of his bookstore, "Zhi" means narrative, and "Yi" means strange.
14. The four masters of calligraphy: Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Ouyang Xun, Zhao Mengfu (fǔ) 15. The main schools and representatives of the Hundred Schools of Thought during the Warring States Period: Confucianism: Confucius, Mencius, Legalism: Han Feizi, Taoism: Zhuangzi, Liezi and Mohism. : Mozi 16. Four great masters of the Southern Song Dynasty: Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, You Miao 17. Frontier poets: Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Wang Changling 18. Tang Zong: Tang Taizong Li Shimin Song Ancestor: Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin Emperor Qin: Qin Shihuang Ying Zhenghan Wu: Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty 19. my country's first pastoral poet was Tao Yuanming (Tao Qian) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He "would not bend his waist for five buckets of rice." 20. The four great misers in world literature: Grandet, Shylock, Poultry, and Abagon.
21. The typical Chinese miser: Yan Jiansheng.
3. The best of Chinese literature: The earliest poetry collection is the Book of Songs; the earliest patriotic poet is Qu Yuan; the earliest pastoral poet is Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty; the earliest and most outstanding frontier poets are Gao Shi and Cen Shen of the prosperous Tang Dynasty; The most outstanding bold poet in ancient times is Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty; the most outstanding female poet in ancient times is Li Qingzhao of the Southern Song Dynasty; the most famous patriotic poet in ancient times is Xin Qiji of the Southern Song Dynasty; the greatest romantic poet in ancient times is Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty; The greatest realist poet in ancient times is Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty; the patriotic poet who wrote the most poems in ancient times is Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty; the most famous long-form mythological novel in ancient times is "Journey to the West" by Wu Chengen in the Ming Dynasty; the most famous long-form historical novel in ancient times is the Ming Dynasty's "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" by Luo Guanzhong in the early days; the earliest novel about peasant uprisings in ancient times was "Water Margin" by Shi Naian in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties; the greatest realistic novel in ancient times was "A Dream of Red Mansions" by Cao Xueqin in the Qing Dynasty; the most outstanding ancient novel The best long satirical novel is Wu Jingzi's "The Scholars" in the Qing Dynasty; the most outstanding collection of classical Chinese short stories in ancient times is "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio" by Pu Songling in the Qing Dynasty; the earliest quotation-style prose in ancient times is "The Analects"; the earliest ancient narratives The most detailed chronological history book is "Zuo Zhuan"; the earliest historical general history in ancient times is "Shiji"; the most outstanding inscription in ancient times is "The Inscription on the Humble Room" by Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty; the greatest modern litterateur is Lu Xun; the most outstanding modern novel It is "Midnight" by Mao Dun; the most influential short story collection in modern times is "The Scream" by Lu Xun.
1. The first female poet is: Cai Yan (Wen Ji) 2. The first general history of biographies: Shiji 3. The first dictionary is: Erya 4. The first big encyclopedia is : Yongle Dadian 5. The first collection of poems is: The Book of Songs 6. The first anthology: Zhaoming Anthology 7. The first dictionary: Shuowen Jiezi 8. The first collection of myths: The Classic of Mountains and Seas 9. The first classical Chinese A collection of novels about people: Shishuoxinyu 10. The first collection of novels about people in classical Chinese: Sou Shen Ji 11. The first book of quotations: The Analects of Confucius 12. The first chronological history book is: Spring and Autumn 13. The first chronological history: Hanshu 14. The first military book: Sun Tzu's Art of War 15. The article Two Sima of the Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian. Sima Xiangru 16. Double Bibi of Yuefu: Mulan's poem Peacock Flying Southeast, plus "Qin Women's Song" are the three unique Yuefu 17. Double Bibi of History: Historical Records Zizhi Tongjian 18. Second beat: the first carving is surprising, the second carving is surprising (Ling Mengchu) ) 19. Big Li Du: Li Bai, Du Fu, Little Li Du: Li Shangyin, Du Mu 20. The Gemini Constellations of modern Chinese literary circles: Lu Xun and Guo Moruo 21. Three Immortals: Deeds, meritorious service and words 22. Three Dynasties: Xia, Shang and Zhou 23. Three Biography of "Spring and Autumn": Zuo Zhuan Gongyang Zhuan Gu Liang Zhuan 24. Three Kings: Xia Yu, Shang Tang and Zhou Gong 25. Three Mountains: Penglai Abbot Yingzhou 26. Three Religions: Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism 27. Three Dukes: Zhou Dynasty, Sima Situ Sikong Western Han Dynasty, Prime Minister Taiwei Yu Doctor Shi Qingming, Grand Master Taifu Taibao 28. Three Cao: Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi 29. Three Public Security Yuan: Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao, Yuan Zhongdao 30. Three ancient towers in Jiangnan: Hunan Yueyang Tower, Wuchang Yellow Crane Tower, Nanchang Tengwang Pavilion 31. Three friends of Suihan: Pine, Bamboo and Plum 32. Three Assistants: Left Feng Yi, Right Fufeng Jing Zhao Yin 33.
8. Common knowledge of Chinese literature
1. Age titles 01. Infant: a baby under one year old 02. Child: refers to a child aged 2-3 years 03. Chuibi: refers to a young child Children (also called "Zong Jiao") 04. Cardamom: refers to a girl who is thirteen years old. 05. Jizi: refers to a girl who is fifteen years old. 06. Crown: refers to a man who is twenty years old (also called "weak crown"). 07. Erli Year: refers to three years old. Ten years old 08. The age of no confusion: refers to the age of forty 09. The year of knowing destiny: refers to the age of fifty (also "knowing destiny", "half a hundred") 10. The age of sixty: refers to the age of sixty 11. The age of seventy: refers to Seventy years old 12. Old age: refers to eighty or ninety years old 13. Yiyi year: one hundred years old, 2. Ming and Qing imperial examinations (started in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and was abolished in the 31st year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty) (1) Level: Academy Examination (also called "Children's Examination", county-level examination, children take part, and those who pass the examination are "student members", that is, "scholars".)
Township Examination (also called "Qiuwei", provincial examination The national-level examination, where students take part in it, is called a "juren".
)
Palace examination (national examination, conducted by the emperor and attended by tribute scholars. Those who pass the examination are called "Jinshi". Among them, the first is called "No. 1", the second is called "No. 2", and the third is called "Jinshi". "Exploring Flowers") (2) Content: Four Books and Five Classics, etc., the article format is "eight-part essay", 3. Main ancient festivals (01) Yuan Day: the first day of the first lunar month, the beginning of the year.
(02) Human Day: The seventh day of the first lunar month, the Lord is a child. (03) Shangyuan: On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, lanterns are put up for a show, also called the "Lantern Festival" (04) She Day: Around the vernal equinox, sacrifices and prayers for farming are performed.
(05) Cold Food: Two days before Qingming, no fire for three days (Wu Zixu) (06) Qingming: In early April, graves are swept and sacrifices are made. (07) Dragon Boat Festival: On the fifth day of May, people eat rice dumplings and draw dragons (Qu Yuan) (08) Qixi Festival: On the seventh day of July, women beg for clever things (Cowherd and Weaver Girl) (09) Zhongyuan Festival: On July 15th, people worship ghosts and gods, also called "Ghost Festival" "(10) Mid-Autumn Festival: August 15th, appreciate the moon and feel homesick (11) Double Ninth Festival: September 9th, climb high and plant dogwood to avoid disasters (12) Winter Solstice: also called "solstice", the starting point of solar terms.
(13) Laba Day: the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, drink "Laba porridge" (14) New Year's Eve: the night of the last day of the year, welcoming the old and welcoming the new, 4. Ancient punishments (01) Tattoo punishment: and It's called "Ink Punishment", in which words are tattooed on the forehead and cheeks. (02) Punishment: cutting off the nose (03) Punishment: also called "stick punishment", hitting the board (back, legs, buttocks) (04) Punishment: cutting off the feet (He's Bi) (05) Palace punishment: Also called "corruption", removing the male genitals (Sima Qian) (06) Bin punishment: removing the kneecaps (Sun Bin) (07) Dapi: beheading (08) Paoluo: roasting the person to death (09) Chariot splitting: also called "five horses dismembering the body" " (Shang Yang) (10) Soup wok: Boil people to death (11) Cut in half: Cut off from the waist (12) Lingchi: Also called "cut into pieces with a thousand cuts" (13) Abandoned market: Boiled corpses on the street, 5. Ancient chronology (Heavenly stems: A, B, Bing, Ding, Wuji, Geng, Xinren, Gui. Earthly branches: Zichou, Yinmao, Chen, Siwu, Wuwei, Youxuhai.) (1) Stem and branch dating: The method of counting the years by matching "Heavenly stems" and "Earthly branches" one by one.
Its characteristics are: A. Each of the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches forms a calendar year, such as "Jiazi Year", "Yichou Year", etc. B. The compatibility between heavenly stems and earthly branches is always odd number versus odd number, even number versus even number, and odd and even combinations are impossible.
C. The 60-year cycle starts over and over again. (2) Calendar of years by year names: Starting from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, emperors have had year names when they came to the throne. From then on, emperors’ year names were used to mark their years.
For example: the first year of Kangxi, etc. *Era year chronology and stem and branch chronology can be used together, such as: April Yiyou in the second year of Shunzhi (3) Prince year chronology: a dating method used in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, such as: the 16th year of King Zhao Huiwen, 6. Relevant official positions Questions 1. Words (1) confer an official: remove the worship (2) promote: move (3) demote: relegate to the left (4) remove: depose (5) recruit: recruit (6) Beijing officials are transferred to local officials : Migration (7) Resignation of ministers: begging for bones 2. Six ministries: (1) Ministry of Personnel (appointment, dismissal, promotion, etc.) (2) Ministry of Husbandry (land taxation household registration, etc.) (3) Ministry of Rites (ceremonies, imperial examinations, schools, etc.) (4 ) Ministry of Punishment (judiciary, prison cases, etc.) (5) Ministry of War (military army, border defense, etc.) (6) Ministry of Industry (engineering, construction, water conservancy, etc.) * "Six Ministries" are the central official positions after the Han Dynasty. 7. About history books (1) Chronicle: related historical events arranged with chronological clues.
(***Three volumes) The first one is "Spring and Autumn" compiled by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period; the one with detailed records is "Zuo Zhuan" written by Zuo Qiu Ming during the Spring and Autumn Period; the largest one is "Zizhi Tongjian" by Sima Guang, a historian of the Northern Song Dynasty. (2) National style: history narrated separately by vassal states.
(***Two volumes) The earliest one is "Guoyu" written by Zuo Qiu Ming in the Spring and Autumn Period; the better one is "Warring States Policy" compiled by Liu Xiang in the early Han Dynasty. (3) Biographical style: reflecting historical events by describing the activities of characters.
The first is "Historical Records" written by Sima Qian during the Western Han Dynasty; the second is "Hanshu" written by Ban Gu during the Eastern Han Dynasty; ... "History of the Qing Dynasty". (***More than twenty books) (4) General history: Breaking the boundaries of dynasties, narrating history from ancient times to the present.
The first is Sima Qian's "Historical Records"; the second is Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian". (***Two parts) (5) Dating history: describing the history of a certain period or a certain dynasty.
The first is Ban Gu's "Book of Han" during the Eastern Han Dynasty; the second is "Book of the Later Han" written by Fan Ye during the Southern and Northern Dynasties; ... "History of the Qing Dynasty".
(***More than twenty books) Explain that (1) the above are classified according to different standards. In fact, the same history book can be classified into different styles.
For example, "Historical Records" can be said to be a general history in the form of biographies. (2) The "Twenty-Four Histories" compiled during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty are 24 historical books. The first one is "Historical Records" and the last one is "History of Ming Dynasty". The style is all biographical.
Besides "Historical Records" is a general history, the other 23 are chronological histories. 8. "Firsts" in the history of Chinese literature (1) "The Book of Songs": my country's first collection of poems.
(Author unknown) (2) "The Art of War": my country's first military work. (Spring and Autumn Period·Sun Wu) (3) "Guoyu": my country's first national style history book.
(Spring and Autumn Period·Zuo Qiuming) (4) "Spring and Autumn Period": my country's first chronological history book. (Spring and Autumn Period·Confucius) (5) "Zuo Zhuan": my country's first chronological history book with detailed records.
(Spring and Autumn Period·Zuo Qiuming) (6) "Historical Records": the first biographical general history of our country. (Western Han Dynasty·Sima Qian) (7) "Hanshu": the first chronological history of our country.
(Eastern Han Dynasty·Ban Gu) (8) "Peacock Flying Southeast": my country's first long narrative poem. (Author unknown) (9) "Li Sao": No. 1 in my country.