1. Melody: Melody is also called melody. The ups and downs of the music are organized horizontally in an orderly manner according to a certain rhythm to form a melody. Melody is the most important means of expression in music form, the essence of music, and the decisive factor of music.

The direction of progression of the same sound is called horizontal progression; the progression from bass to treble is called ascending; the progression from treble to bass is called descending.

2. Rhythm: The rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of the mid-tones in the music movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music. Beat is the periodic and regular repetition of heavy beats and weak beats in music. Traditional Chinese music calls the beat "banyan", "ban" is equivalent to the strong beat; "eye" is equivalent to the sub-strong beat (middle eye) or weak beat.

3. Harmony: Harmony includes "chords" and "harmonic progressions". Chords are usually sound combinations formed by three or more tones that overlap vertically (simultaneously) according to certain rules. The horizontal organization of chords is the harmonic progression. Harmony has obvious color effects of thick, light, thick and thin; it also has the function of forming phrases, dividing sections and ending music.

4. Strength: the strength of the midrange of the music.

5. Speed: how fast the music progresses.

6. Mode: The tones used in music are connected according to a certain relationship. These tones form a system with one tone as the center (the main tone), which is called mode. Such as major mode, minor mode, my country's pentatonic mode, etc. The notes in the mode, starting from the tonic note and arranged from low to high, form a scale.

7. Music form: the horizontal organizational structure of music.

8. Texture: the combination form of each voice in a polyphonic musical work. (Including vertical and horizontal combination relationships).

9. Timbre: Timbre can be divided into human voice timbre and musical instrument timbre. The human voice can be divided into children's voice, female voice, male voice, etc. The differences in the timbres of musical instruments are even more diverse. In music, sometimes only a single timbre is used, and sometimes a mixture of timbres is used.