? Requiem (K.626) is Mozart's last work. It's a mass about the rest of the dead soul. It is not only Mozart's first and last Requiem ... Because it is very treacherous, he died on December 5, 1791 when he was writing this work.
? The true story of Requiem itself is very strange: the commission comes from a mysterious messenger, who Mozart later called a "gray stranger". The stranger never revealed his identity to Mozart, and the composer began to believe that he was writing his own Requiem. "In fact, this work was commissioned by a rich nobleman, Walseg, in July 1791" to mourn his dead wife. However, Mozart was busy writing Dito's Kindness and The Magic Flute, so little progress was made until he fell ill. This is Donald Jay Glauerdt's account on page P59 of the original book History of Western Music. But the story has a new development: Count Walseg invited someone to make a requiem in memory of his dead wife, and he did not entrust Mozart at first. So who could it be? In fact, it is the "gray stranger" in the previous article. His identity is very obvious. His name is Wright Jaap, and he is the plenipotentiary of Count Flantz von walser (another translation on the Internet). The count is said to be quite melodious and likes arty, and often pays for other people's works and then fills in his name in order to remain immortal. Lightjep was the count's servant, but Mozart didn't know it at that time. And we are still not sure whether this work has any influence on Mozart's death.
What we know now is that the composer was very ill at that time, and he couldn't finish the work at all. The signed manuscript shows that Mozart only completed the first movement, as well as the detailed drafts of the second movement, the beginning of the third movement and the fourth movement.
Many fables have sprung up around his death-people may find something in the real case records:
The official cause of death is severe typhoid fever, but other suggested causes of death include syphilis, rheumatic fever, infection, trichinosis caused by eating undercooked pork, and even poisoning.
The film Biography of Mozart in 1984 tells the story of poisoning, and implies that the composer Antonio Salieri contributed to Mozart's death. Although it is certain that this story is completely contrary to the facts, the last few days of Mozart's life are still shrouded in mystery.
Here, I must say a few words for Master salieri: The film fictionalizes salieri's character, and he is arranged as a bad guy for the plot. In fact, salieri was the music teacher of Mozart's son, Franz Xaver Mozart (1791-1844). NAXOS Records has published recordings of Mozart's works. "salieri has lived in Vienna since 1766; Beethoven also received an informal course in vocal music creation from antonio salieri. Salieri is a master, whose major achievement is in opera creation. Indeed, Haydn and Mozart together covered all the genres in the late 18th century, and their works represented the best products of this period. Therefore, salieri's achievements in the history of music are rarely mentioned, and most of us can only see more representative composers, such as Mozart, the protagonist of the article.
There is also a saying that poisoning comes from the insidious poisoning of the * * * Economic Association. As we know, Mozart attached great importance to his affiliation with the aid society. (It's difficult to judge Mozart's rank in the * * * aid society here.) This is not only implied in his letters, but also embodied in his works for the * * * aid society celebration in 1785 and his last completed work, * * * aid society Cantata (K623), written in 1791. The most pitiful chapters in Mozart's correspondence are those prayer letters written in 1788-1791, which were addressed to his friend and brother of the * * * aid society and Vienna businessman Michel Pukheberg. Puchberg was honored that Mozart's request was always based on a generous response.
*** The Masons' Association originated from the masons' trade unions in Europe. In terms of organizational form, the prerequisite for becoming a member of the * * * freemasons is that you must believe in a higher power. * * * The difference between the spirit of freemasonry and organized religion is that it doesn't need a special definition or name to limit that higher power. He doesn't have a stable theological name ... * * * The Society uses a more popular term, such as: Higher Being, Great Architect of the Universe. This can bring together the members of the * * * freemasons of different faiths.
*** Freemasonry is open to people of all races, colors and beliefs, and it provides brotherly love without any discrimination. The whole economic association is a moral system: hidden in prophecy and manifested in symbols.
So from the above evidences, it is almost impossible for Mozart to die of the murder of the * * * aid society in the cultural tradition of the western world.
? Mozart's requiem * * is divided into eight parts, namely: Introduction, Kyrie, Sequenz, Offertorium, Sanctus, Benedictus and Agnes. After the recitation, it includes the day of anger (Dies irae), the horn resounding in all directions (Tuba mirum), the majestic king (Rex tremendae), the compassionate Jesus (Recordare), the shame (Confrontation) and the day of crying (Lacrimosa). The dedication sutra includes the Lord Jesus Christ (Domine Jesu) and sacrifice and prayer (Hostias). Mozart died while writing the eighth section of Lacirmosa. According to the manuscript of Requiem signed by him, Mozart only completed the first movement, as well as the detailed drafts of the second movement, the beginning of the third movement and the fourth movement. But in fact, the more accurate degree of completion is that Mozart completed the chorus and strings in the first and second parts, and only the chorus in the third and fourth parts, and Franz Xavir Mayr, a student of Abel, Stadhle and Mozart, helped him complete the whole song. This work was finally completed by Susmeyer in 1792. He added some instrumental parts to Mozart's manuscript, composed the Holy Scripture, the Holy Scripture and the Lamb Scripture, and partially repeated the music written by Mozart for a previous paragraph. In fact, it is the fugue of the Pity Sutra that appears repeatedly in the last movement, which is said to have been requested by Mozart himself. But this statement has not been verified.
For centuries, people have portrayed the life of Mozart, a musical genius, as poor and destitute in their own guesses and imaginations, thinking that he wrote letters to his partners everywhere for financial support. The life of a genius went through hardships, but the final destination was hastily buried in a grave where beggars were concentrated. However, the fact is far from people's imagination-to a great extent, it is because Sir. Peter Shaffer's play "The Biography of Mozart" and the director milos forman's adaptation of the film have misled us.
By the way, you can add some interesting information when you mention this movie. In the movie Biography of Mozart, salieri, who was sent to a mental hospital when he was old, often chanted or shouted that he had murdered the genius Mozart. But a similar plot did happen in history, except that it was Mahler who shouted "Mozart" instead of salieri. I wonder if the screenwriter got creative inspiration from this? It's worth noting.
? On the 25th anniversary of Mozart's birth, there was an exhibition in the Golden Hall in Vienna, showing the bills and receipts received in the last decade of Mozart's life (from 1781 to 1791, Mozart lived in Vienna until his death at the age of 35). These documents show that in the Viennese music industry, Mozart's annual salary of 1, Frohring (then currency) was a huge sum at that time. Curator Otto Biba said, "Mozart's income can definitely be included in the top 5% of high-income people." At that time, 5 Frohring a year, you can maintain a very comfortable upper-class life, and a worker just earns 25 Frohring a year.
Mozart can also earn money by teaching piano and giving concerts, and at the same time, he can earn extra money as a royal court musician. He has a private pool table, a barber, a special carriage parking space, and in Vienna, he also has a 7-room apartment next to the cathedral. The documents on display also include an 8 Frohring bill signed by Mozart and paid by his royal patron Joseph II. Mozart's father Leopold boasted in a letter that his son earned 1 Frohring in a solo concert. "This is unbelievable." Leopold wrote.
(I don't want to extract other correspondence from Mozart's family in this article. You can make a supplement in the future; Because it is not directly related to the content of this article, but the content is very interesting. )
The letters on display show that the composer repeatedly collected money from his friends to pay for his expensive travel expenses, and he had to move again and again, at least 11 times, in order to avoid the creditors' debt collection. "We need to free people in the 21st century from the imagination of Mozart's romantic legend. People think that he is an art fighter, but the fact is that he is indeed a genius, but he is a genius who makes money until the end of his life. He is heavily in debt and addicted to gambling. This hobby has not been confirmed, but there is no other' hobby' to explain why he spends so much. " The curator concluded this. As for Mozart's debt, some people have studied that in Mozart's time, debt was a common thing, partly because of the shortage of social money at that time.
There are some stories about the direct connection between Requiem and Mozart's death, which are obviously misinformed. Mozart was indeed buried in an ordinary cemetery after his death, just like ordinary people of his time.