Huangmei Opera is the main local opera in Anhui Province. There are also professional or amateur performance groups of Huangmei Opera in Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Taiwan and other provinces as well as Hong Kong, and they are widely welcomed. Huangmei Opera, formerly known as "Huangmei Diao", is a folk opera formed in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces in the late 18th century. One of them gradually moved eastward to the Anqing area centered on Anqing City, Anhui Province. It combined with local folk art, sang and spoke in the local language, and formed its own characteristics, known as "Huaiqiang" or "Huangmei Diao". This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei Opera. In the "Susong County Chronicle" published in the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), the name "Huangmei Opera" was formally proposed for the first time. In terms of repertoire, Huangmei Opera is known as "Thirty-six major operas and seventy-two minor operas." The drama mainly expresses the people's dissatisfaction with class oppression and the disparity between rich and poor and their yearning for a free and better life. Such as "The Story of Buckwheat", "Calling the Grain Official", "The Fairy Match", etc. Most of the short plays show fragments of the lives of rural workers, such as "Pointing Barley", "Spinning Cotton Yarn", and "Selling Dou Baskets". After liberation, he successively compiled and adapted a number of traditional plays, including "The Fairy's Match", "The Consort", "The Story of Luo Pa", "Zhao Guiying", "Mother's Tears", "Sansou Guozhan's Mansion", etc., and created mythological dramas. "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", the historical drama "Beheading without Punishment", the modern drama "Spring Warmth and Flowers Blooming", "Spring Morning in the Shop" and "The First Buds Bloom". Among them, "The Match", "The Consort" and "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" were successively put on the screen and had a great impact at home and abroad. Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, Wu Qiong and Ma Lan are famous actors in Huangmei Opera. Huangmei Opera has become a famous opera that is loved by audiences across the country. Huangmei Opera has a history of more than 200 years. In its early days, it was called Huangmei Diao, which is a folk art of "self-singing and self-enjoyment". Edit this paragraph Origin: Opera should look at its origin from the perspective of language and tone. The most important factors that distinguish the characteristics of a drama are language and music (voice). Anqing dialect is the basis of Huangmei Opera. Even the Huangmei Opera Troupe in Hubei Province, including Huangmei County, also speaks Anqing dialect during performances. This shows that Anqing dialect is the soul of Huangmei Opera and the charm of Huangmei Opera. The music (voice tune) of Huangmei Opera is divided into two categories: "Ping Ci" and "Hua Tune". Coloratura operas are extremely rich, and they are known as "one opera, one tune". These minor tunes are all derived from folk songs in Anqing area. "Pingci" is obviously derived from Qingyang tune and Hui tune, and seems to have nothing to do with Huangmei County, Hubei Province. Too many connections. As the saying goes, "A place with water and soil supports a person," or "A place with water and soil supports a person's drama." The reason why there are so many local arts in China is due to the underdeveloped transportation and information in the past. Anqing in Anhui Province and Huangmei County in Hubei Province are hundreds of miles apart, and the languages ??of the two places are fundamentally different. How could Huangmei Opera in Hubei be sung and spoken in the authentic Anqing dialect? Perhaps because the name of the play contains the word "Huangmei", it is widely circulated that Huangmei Opera originated from Huangmei County, Hubei Province. In fact, the "Huangmei" in "Huangmei Opera" is actually closely related to Huangmei Mountain in Huaining County. Huangmei Mountain is located in Shijing Township, Huaining County. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were Huangmei Temple and Guanyin Temple. The two temples were very popular. Due to the wars during the Xianfeng period and the destruction by the Taiping Army, Huangmei Mountain gradually fell into neglect. Many people in the township don’t know Huangmei Mountain. However, "Huangmei Mountain" is clearly marked on the county and township map collected by Zhang Ting, the former director of the Cultural Bureau of Huaining County during the Daoguang period, confirming that Huangmei Mountain did exist in history. According to research, in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, scholars gathered in Huangmeishan. They compiled some folk songs and ballads into a minor tune and sang them to each other, which gradually expanded to Shipai, Gaohe, Yueshan and Zongpu. Because the minor tune came from Huangmei Mountain, it was later called "Huangmei tune". The Huangmei Mountain area has always been a rich source of opera nutrition: First of all, there have been a large number of historical figures around Huangmei Mountain, such as Yang Rugu, who was an official in the Qing Dynasty and became the censor of Zuodu, Chen Shirong, a Jinshi during the Daoguang period, Huangmei Opera actors, Revolutionary martyr Yang Fengxiang and so on. Secondly, there are many legendary stories spread around Huangmei Mountain. Among them, the legend of "Dong Yong's Encounter with the Immortal" was born here, which later developed into the nationally famous "The Match of the Immortal". Thirdly, the ancient Confucius Opera, Niu Deng Opera and Tea Picking Diao are popular in Hongzhen, south of Huangmei Mountain. At the same time, the people in the villages around Huangmei Mountain started to perform Huangmei Opera, and some famous troupes and actors emerged, such as the Huangmei Diao Troupe of Tian De'an, Ding Yongquan, and Wang Zimao in the early years, the Huangmei Diao Troupe formed by the local Cao Chuanliu, and the Jiefang Opera Troupe. Later private school teacher Wu Shaosong initiated and organized the Hengtang Theater Troupe and so on. A large amount of data shows that since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Huangmei Mountain area has had the custom of singing "Farming Opera" every autumn, and later absorbed Buddhist tunes and evolved into "Lefo tunes".

When Emperor Qianlong celebrated his birthday, four major Hui troupes came to Beijing, and the so-called "Hui troupes" who stayed in Huaining cultivated and processed "Lefo Diao" into today's Huangmei Opera after several generations of efforts. Because the opera originated in the Huangmei Mountain area, It's called "Huangmei Diao". People today only know "Huangmei Opera" but not "Huangmei Mountain". They mistakenly believe that Huangmei Opera originated in Huangmei County, Hubei Province. More than half a century of misinformation should end here! Edit the development of this paragraph 1. Anqing Huangmei Opera The development history of Huangmei Opera Huangmei Opera is the main local opera type in Anhui Province. There are also professional or amateur performance groups of Huangmei Opera in Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Taiwan and other provinces as well as Hong Kong, and they are widely welcomed. Huangmei Opera, formerly known as "Huangmei Diao", is a folk opera formed in the adjoining areas of Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces in the late 18th century. One of them gradually moved eastward to the Anqing area centered on Anqing City, Anhui Province. It combined with local folk art, sang and spoke in the local language, and formed its own characteristics, known as "Huaiqiang" or "Huangmei Diao". This is the predecessor of today's Huangmei Opera. In the "Susong County Chronicle" published in the 10th year of the Republic of China (1921), the name "Huangmei Opera" was formally proposed for the first time. The development history of Huangmei Opera can be roughly divided into three stages: The first stage is from Xianfeng of the Qing Dynasty to around the Revolution of 1911. The tea-picking tune, Jiangxi tune, Tongcheng tune, and Fengyang song that emerged and spread to the three provinces of Anhui, Hubei, and Jiangxi were influenced by the performances of local operas (Qingyang tune, Hui tune), and were closely related to folk songs such as Lianxiang tune, stilt tune, and land boat tune. The art formed a combination and gradually formed some small plays. After further development, the performance content and expression form were absorbed from a folk art form called "Luohan Zhuang" and Qingyang tune and Hui tune, thus producing this play with a complete story. There is also a transitional form from small opera to main opera, which old artists call "string opera". The so-called "string play" is a group of independent but interrelated small plays, some of which are "stringed together" by things, and some by "stringed together" by people. The plot of "string opera" is richer than that of small opera, and the characters appearing in the opera also break through the three small categories of clown, Xiaodan and Xiaosheng. Some of the older characters need to be played by Zhengdan, Laosheng and Laochou. This created the conditions for the production of this play. The second stage is from the Revolution of 1911 to 1949. At this stage, Huangmei Opera performances gradually became professional and moved from the rural grass stage to the urban stage. After Huangmei Opera entered Anqing City, it collaborated with Peking Opera, and was influenced by Yue Opera, Yang Opera, Huai Opera and Ping Opera from the north in Shanghai. Big changes. A number of new plays have been arranged and transplanted, including the scripted plays "Wen Suchen", "Hongbiyuan", "Hualiyuan", "Bee Diary", etc. In terms of music, preliminary reforms have been made to the traditional singing tune, which reduces the empty words in the old tune, making it bright and smooth, making it easy for the audience to understand what is being sung. The accompaniment was canceled and the Huqin accompaniment was used. In terms of performance, it absorbs and melts the formulaic movements of Peking Opera and other brother operas, enriching the means of expression. Others, such as costumes, makeup and stage settings, have also developed compared with the rural grass stage. The third stage is from 1949 to the present. In 1952, Huangmei Opera artists performed in Shanghai with plays such as "Pig Weed" and "Blue Bridge Club". Over the decades, a large number of actors have been created. In addition to the older generation artists such as Yan Fengying and Wang Shaofang who have made outstanding achievements in the singing art of Huangmei Opera, young and middle-aged actors such as Ma Lan and Han Zaifen have successively demonstrated their respective talents on the stage, screen and TV screen. The heroic appearance attracted the attention of the audience. "The Match", co-starring Yan Fengying and Wang Shaohang, was made into a film for the second time and became a sensation at home and abroad. The artistic characteristics of Anqing Huangmei Opera: In terms of repertoire, it is known as “Thirty-six major operas and seventy-two minor operas”. The drama mainly expresses the people's dissatisfaction with class oppression and the disparity between rich and poor and their yearning for a free and better life. Such as "The Story of Buckwheat", "Calling the Grain Official", "The Fairy Match", etc. Most of the short plays show fragments of the lives of rural workers, such as "Pointing Barley", "Spinning Cotton Yarn", and "Selling Dou Baskets". After liberation, he successively compiled and adapted a number of traditional plays, including "The Fairy's Match", "The Consort", "The Story of Luo Pa", "Zhao Guiying", "Mother's Tears", "Sansou Guozhan's Mansion", etc., and created mythological dramas. "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl", the historical drama "Beheading without Punishment", the modern drama "Spring Warmth and Flowers Blooming", "Spring Morning in the Shop" and "The First Buds Bloom". Among them, "The Match", "The Consort" and "The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl" were successively put on the screen and had a great impact at home and abroad. Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang, Wu Qiong and Ma Lan are famous actors in Huangmei Opera. The main categories of Huangmei Opera include coloratura and Heping Ci. Coloratura mainly performs small plays, rich in the flavor of life and folk songs.

Pingci is the main singing style in the original opera. It often uses long paragraphs of narrative and lyrical expressions, and has rich charm, like flowing clouds and flowing water. 2. Hubei Huangmei Opera The development of Hubei Huangmei Opera today is inseparable from a slogan put forward by the Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government 18 years ago. This slogan is "Invite Huangmei Opera back to your parents' home." Under the guidance of this slogan, Hubei Province has done a lot of work to revitalize Huangmei Opera; it established the Hubei Huangmei Opera Theater and hired some Huangmei Opera actors from Anqing, Anhui Province