1. Careful observation and pursuit of truth

What is observation? The so-called observation means to see with your eyes, to "observe" from a distance and to observe closely, pay attention to everything, pay attention all the time, and develop a habit. The French writer Maupassant, known as the king of short stories in the world, once studied with Flaubert, a famous writer at that time. One day, he sat in his room and told Flaubert a story he had compiled to write into a novel. After hearing this, Flaubert said: "I advise you not to be busy writing these fictitious things. You ride a horse outside every day and record everything you see on the road accurately and meticulously." Then Maupassant realized that Flaubert taught him to first learn to observe, recognize and practice the basic skills of observation with his eyes. From then on, he spent about a year going out to observe every day, and finally wrote the novel "Dim Sum" and became a world-famous novelist. Therefore, learning to observe is the first element to improve writing skills. In my many years of teaching, I often hear some students say: "I am afraid of composition. I get a headache as soon as I pick up a pen and I always have nothing to write about." Some simply said: "I don't know what to write or where to start." Although some compositions were submitted, if you look closely, you will find that many of them are mechanical and even made up some contents, which are empty and divorced from reality. Why is it difficult to write an essay? In general, there is a lack of observation and a sense of reality, so it is impossible to write anything. How to change this phenomenon? I believe that we must first learn to observe. When I was teaching the text "One Side" written by Alai in the third volume of junior high school Chinese, I pointed out that the author, Alai, wrote "thin" five times when describing Lu Xun's appearance. Three of the times, the physical features are written more clearly and in detail from far to near. Why does the author describe Lu Xun's appearance so vividly and so typical? The main reason is that the author is good at careful observation and has unique feelings in his heart. Therefore, when I guide students in writing training, I attach great importance to observation and writing real content. Therefore, in the composition class every week, I use a certain amount of time to take students out of the classroom and write in the field. Sometimes I observe campus plants on campus, observe bamboos, trees, flowers and plants, and sometimes visit the wild on weekends to write in the field. , appreciate the beautiful natural scenery. After such training, it not only stimulates students' interest in writing, accumulates rich subject matter, and writes true content, but also cultivates moral sentiments and enables students to enjoy beauty.

2. Accumulate materials and apply what you have learned

During teaching, I encountered many students who rarely read extracurricular books, especially those on Chinese extracurricular reading. Some even have no extracurricular reading materials except textbooks, rarely read books or newspapers, and have poor writing knowledge. They can't even write sentences fluently. When writing a composition, they want to write one sentence after another, but they feel that they have nothing to say and nothing to say. Writable. Or it might just start, say a few perfunctory words, and then end hastily. The content is vague and unclear, so I feel intimidated by writing. In order to change the phenomenon of being afraid of composing, so that you can speak clearly and write well, you should read more and accumulate more writing materials. As Du Fu said: "Reading thousands of volumes, writing is like a spirit." "Reading hundreds of books, the meaning will be self-evident." Only when you read a lot of books can you be knowledgeable about the past and the present, and only when you write articles can you be confident and handy. But experience tells us that just reading more is not enough. "Han Yu, one of the Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, once said: "Learning is for cultivation, literature is for gain." This means that reading is the precursor to writing. Without the "cultivation" of reading, there will be no "harvest" of writing. Therefore, on the basis of emphasizing students' reading, they should read the books they read carefully and think deeply, and integrate them thoroughly. Accumulate material, let it become the "source of living water" for your own writing, and learn to use it so that the content of the composition comes to life in response to the pen, like a spring, flowing endlessly, with rich and powerful content.

Many of the sample texts we have studied are real materials written down by the author’s careful observation of characters or animals. For example, the description of Lu Xun in "One Side", the description of the flying postures of the cranes in "Cranees Flying in the Sky", and the description of the fighting scenes of cranes and eagles, as long as you read it carefully and accumulate materials, you can turn it into something useful for yourself. In addition, in addition to accumulating materials from books, you can also accumulate them from daily life, such as the emergence of new things, various useful propaganda, natural phenomena, social news, international current affairs, etc. These are all excellent materials. As long as you pay attention to people and things in this area, you will naturally have rich materials. In this way, when you write, you will be able to write with great skill and ease.

3. Promote imitation and cultivate interest

Imitation is a form of borrowing, but imitation is not a simple copying, it should be a creative reference.

The characteristics of imitation are that it is highly targeted and has laws to follow, which not only reduces the difficulty of writing, but also achieves obvious results. For students with low writing skills, we should actively encourage imitation and reference of model essays, gradually cultivate their interest in writing, and enable them to follow the path of writing step by step and gradually improve their writing ability. Even if they imitate mechanically at the beginning, they should be praised and affirmed to make them have interest and desire in writing. Many writers in history have also imitated the writings of the ancients, which became the style of their generation. For example, Wang Bo's famous sentence "The falling clouds and the solitary heron fly together, the autumn water is the same color as the long sky" is derived from Yu Xin's "The falling flowers and the zhigai fly together. The field of willows and spring flags are all one color. Another example is Zuo Qiuming's "Zuo Zhuan" and Sima Qian's "Historical Records" in history. Their writing methods were imitated by later essayists, novelists, and dramatists. Many articles in the textbook are good model essays. After students learn the texts, they can imitate their writing and apply what they have learned. For example, I taught Zheng Zhenduo's "Cat" lesson and asked students to imitate writing on another animal. Many students imitated successfully and transformed the text writing into their own abilities. Although imitation is the first step to improve writing ability, it cannot be imitated blindly. When starting to write, you can imitate, but after you get started, you must break away from imitation, take the road of innovation, pursue your own writing style, and have your own characteristics.

4. Speak more and write more, and write more.

In our daily life, we encounter many examples. Some students are very good at talking, eloquent, and eloquent. However, when writing essays, Sometimes I rack my brains and can't write much content. What's the reason? Because in daily life there are many opportunities to "speak" with little effort, but there are few opportunities to "write". How can we improve our writing skills by just talking but not writing? Therefore, during writing training, I focus on guiding students to combine speaking and practicing, write more and practice more, and not only speak well, but also write well. Every time I finish teaching a text, I assign small composition training questions related to the text. Sometimes I let the students complete it in class, sometimes I let the students think about it first, and then let the students practice after class, and they are required to write it in the composition text. For homework questions, for example, let students write the title of the essay question and the outline of the essay, some write the continuation, and some conduct rewriting training, etc. After various trainings, the writing level has been improved accordingly. With great improvement, students' writing mood has become increasingly high, and they have spontaneously launched writing competitions.

5. Praise more and criticize less

When we correct students' compositions, no matter how well they write, we must first give affirmation and praise. After all, they all have their shining points. There is a good side. After praising, tactfully point out the shortcomings and let them know the advantages and disadvantages of the composition. Only in this way can they enhance their self-confidence, improve their interest in writing, and be willing to read and write more. In the composition, some students' composition content is not Very good, but there is something worth learning in terms of word usage and sentence construction. We should also praise and praise them so that they can become interested in writing and be able to read and practice frequently. If a teacher criticizes a student's composition more and praises less, it will be like pouring a basin of cold water on the student's composition, causing the student's enthusiasm for writing to disappear in an instant, loss of self-confidence, and increased fear, which is detrimental to the improvement of writing. The level is even more unfavorable.

6. Write fragments frequently and keep more diaries

In daily composition teaching, I often ask students to observe carefully, write fragments frequently, keep diaries frequently, and write down their experiences and experiences. Kind of small pen practice. For example, in terms of character description, we adopt multi-angle description training such as moving scenes and still scenes, and require students to persevere and persevere, write fragments frequently, keep more diaries, and express what they see, hear, and feel vividly. Not only can you get a kind of spiritual enjoyment and fun, but it is also very beneficial to improving your writing level. Therefore, in my composition teaching, I emphasize that each student writes a diary every day, which can be as long as 1,800 words in length. They can express their views and opinions on current events, as small as choosing words and sentences. It can also be a fragment about scenery description and character description. In this way, students not only develop a good habit of writing diaries, but also after a period of practice, they accumulate rich materials and greatly improve their writing level. .

7. Encourage creation and recommend publication

If anyone wants to learn something well, interest is crucial. It is a conscious motivation to acquire knowledge and create creative creations, an intrinsic motivation to encourage and promote students' creation, and an important way to improve writing level. Therefore, in my composition teaching, I encourage students to create and write excellent compositions for publication.

In order to write more excellent compositions, I first ask students to pay attention to the people and things around them, record new people and new things, from class to school, from class to extracurricular, from campus to society, and then conduct reasonable selection and grouping Village, write excellent compositions and send them to the school broadcast room and the school newspaper editing team so that their excellent compositions can be broadcast and published. This will greatly stimulate their interest in writing and make them feel the weight of the composition, thereby greatly increasing their enthusiasm for creation. In short, in composition teaching, only by stimulating students' interest in writing can students read more and write more, improve their composition level, and solve a long-standing problem that has plagued the Chinese language community.