National music has a long history and infinite vitality in China. It is as enduring as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River, while maintaining the national spirit and characteristics. Different regions have different languages, and each nation's language has its own phonetic system. From nation to language branch, language family and language family, the higher up, the greater the difference between phonetic systems. There are four elements in pronunciation: pitch, timbre, sound length and sound intensity. They are also the four elements of music. Phonetic features affect the pitch, timbre, festival and intensity of music through the lyrics in songs, and influence the musical vocabulary and the way of moistening the cavity in instrumental music works by taking vocal music works as a bridge. In addition, within a larger nation, there are differences in dialects. Dialect is the regional variation of the language within a nation. Take Chinese as an example, there are seven dialect areas, namely, Mandarin, Wu dialect, Gan dialect, Hakka dialect, Xiang dialect, Min dialect and Cantonese. Under each dialect area, dialect pieces, dialect pieces and dialect points can be further divided. Generally speaking, the differences between dialects are smaller than those between national languages. As far as the restriction of pronunciation on music is concerned, the greater the difference of pronunciation, the greater the difference of music between different nationalities and regions. Therefore, the national music that uses the national language or dialect is much more distinctive than the professional music that uses the same language. National music is an integral part of national culture, with distinct nationality, which embodies a nation's personality characteristics, psychological quality and aesthetic emotion, has strong psychological cohesion and national identity, and is a symbol of national spirit. China's national music is a linear way of thinking: the tone series with five tones as the backbone. Because national music has been circulated among the broad masses of the people for a long time, what has been refined by people must be the most ideological and artistic, and the content is mostly the sincere expression of people's thoughts and feelings, which is a vivid reflection of people's lives. Most of the most widely circulated songs are vivid images, vivid artistic conception and catchy songs. In addition, I personally think that our national music also has the following characteristics: 1. Improvisation. Everyone has different understanding and interpretation of the same song, so in the process of inheritance, personal style and improvisation are added, which is also the driving force for the new development of national music. Therefore, improvisation is also a remarkable feature of national music. 2. variability. Because of the different living environment, humanistic customs and personality characteristics of different nationalities, their understanding and comprehension of the same work are also different. Take "Embroidered Pocket" as an example, this piece of music presents two completely different styles in central Shanxi and northern Shaanxi. The former is bright and beautiful, bringing out joy.