settlement: Manchu people are scattered all over China, most of whom live in Liaoning, while others are scattered in Jilin, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shandong and other large and medium-sized cities such as Beijing, Tianjin, Chengdu, Xi 'an, Guangzhou and Yinchuan. The formation of large dispersion is characterized by small settlements. At present, the main inhabited areas have established Manchu autonomous counties such as Xiuyan, Fengcheng, Xinbin, Qinglong and Fengning, as well as several Manchu townships. The population of Manchu in 2 was 1.68 million.

flag clothes

robes with good warmth are used as daily clothes. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Manchu absorbed the coat-style clothing of the Han nationality in the Central Plains and improved it into a "flag dress" with its national characteristics.

headdress

The headdress on a woman's head, which is wide and long, like a fan rather than a fan, like a crown rather than a crown-called "flag head" in Chinese and "Dalachi" in Manchu, is unique to Manchu women all over the world, thus becoming a typical national costume feature, which is very eye-catching. In the past, Manchu women had to learn to ride and shoot like boys when they were young, and their hair accessories were similar to those of boys. They shaved off the hair around the top of their heads, leaving only part of their hair to be braided into two girls' braids, which hung over their temples until they reached adulthood at the age of 16. After marriage, I began to wear a big basin head, a shelf head and two first-class buns, of which two heads are more typical.

paper cutting

Manchu people like stick grilles. Cut all kinds of birds, animals and flowers with all kinds of colored paper, and stick them on the window, which is vivid and full of vitality. There is another kind of paper-cutting art, that is, hanging notes, or hanging money. During the Spring Festival, every household uses five-color paper to cut paper blocks with a length of about 4 cm and a width of about 25 cm. The middle part is carved with moire calligraphy and painting, such as the words "Feng, Shou and Fu", and the lower part is cut into a dog-tooth spike, which is hung on the banners of doors and windows, indoor beams and other places. It is colorful and jubilant. The earliest hanging notes were decorations in ancestral places, which were generally singular. It is rumored that the ancestors of their own clan came from several ditches in Changbai Mountain. The paper-cut art in Ning 'an, Helen and other places in Heilongjiang enjoys a high reputation in the national art world.

Manchu embroidery

Manchu folk crafts. Or "nail line", which is mainly popular in rural areas in Northeast China. It is made of home-made fabric and cotton thread by cutting and sewing, with black and white as the main tone and other colors occasionally. The decorative patterns are mainly auspicious patterns, such as Liu Kai Bai Zi, Ji Qing Yu, gourd dish length, Fushou Changchun, Babao, etc., which are often embroidered on pillow tops, purses, hangings and cushions.

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Overview

Manchu people can sing and dance well. The dance of its predecessor, Zhu Brown Man, has a fighting style. The custom of jurchen, "in the year of the female, sing songs on the way." "Manchu Dance" Chen Yuxian's works

its songs are also about self-narration, women's work and beauty, in order to express the meaning of seeking a couple. " ("Daikin Guozhi", Volume 39) Jurchen danced on the whim of the Ming Dynasty, accompanied by pipa, and everyone clapped their hands and sang, especially at the festival banquet, the host and guest took turns to dance, with a harmonious rhythm, one leading the singer, and everyone shouted: "Empty Qi" is in harmony. After entering Liao and Shen, they absorbed more song and dance forms of other nationalities. Manchu people who have lived in Northeast China for a long time often hold mass song and dance activities. The "Zidishu", which once flourished in Beijing and spread to the northeast, was founded by the children of the Eight Banners and is a favorite literary form of Manchu people. Since the late Qing Dynasty, many Manchu Quyi performers have emerged. Famous artists include Zhao Xingyuan, Shuang Houping, Jin Wanchang, Xie Ruizhi, Pin Zhengsan, Chang Zhutian, Cheng Shutang, Rong Jianchen, Chang Baofu, Lian Kuoru, Hou Baolin and Guan Xuezeng. These Quyi performers have reached a very high level in their performing arts, which has a great influence on later generations.

Longxing dance

and 18-fold style are traditional dances of our nation. The characteristics of dance are mostly evolved from hunting and fighting actions. Such as Longxing dance, we should choose some strong people, wear leopard skin to sing Manchu songs, accompanied by Xiao and drum. Half of the dancers dress up as tigers, leopards and other beasts, and half ride fake horses to chase and shoot, which is called "Qin Long Dance". At festive banquets, the host and guest take turns to dance, holding one sleeve on their foreheads and the other sleeve behind their backs, hovering forward and backward, while one person sings, and everyone shouts "empty qi". 1% off and 18% off, the postures are complicated and varied, including fishing posture, threading needles and weaving nets, celebrating posture, galloping alone and hunting posture; The posture of double galloping and going out; The posture of big and small dragons playing in the water, the posture of strange pythons coming out of the hole and dragons crawling. Eighteen styles, that is, eighteen dance moves. Manchu yangko

yangko

is also called "Tartars yangko". More than last night's performance. There are dozens or dozens of dancers. Performers each hold a ruler and two logs long, and dance while hitting. Three or four people often dress up as women, three or four people dress up as soldiers and umbrella lanterns, and those who sell plasters are the leaders. Accompanied by gongs and drums, "Dance Bi Nai Ge, Song Bi Nai Dance". It's a song and dance performance with makeup. There are points of hiking and stilts. If the two yangko teams meet on the road, they will salute each other.

reckless dance

Manchu dance performed at a banquet in China's palace in the Qing Dynasty. The foolishness is divided into male foolishness and female foolishness. When dancing recklessly, there must be singing harmony. One person leads the singing, and everyone harmonizes with the sound of "empty qi" to strengthen the rhythm. Therefore, some people call it reckless empty qi dance. Dance is rough and powerful, with a large range of movements, mostly knight steps, which is related to the martial arts of Manchu ancestors.

waist bell dance

Manchu folk dance. Performed by several men with bronze bells around their waists. Playing castanets and twisting waist bells during the performance, so that the castanets and bells are in harmony. Originated from the early riding and shooting life of Manchu.

Qinglong dance

Qinglong dance is a kind of scene dance in the harvest year and celebration ceremony, which is the most Manchu-style dance in the court dance of the Qing Dynasty, leaving deep traces of folk dance. Qinglong dance is fond of dancing and vigorous dancing, which originated from the wild dance. It was named after Qianlong. It is used for grand banquets held in the court on New Year's Day, Wanshou Festival, New Year's Eve and the emperor's wedding, and is often performed by princes and ministers and dancers. The scale of the dance is quite large, including as many as 1 people accompanied by musical instruments.

Dawukui Dance

, also known as "Wukui Dance", is a celebration dance among Manchu people. It originated from the hunting life of Manchu in the early days, more than the performance when the harvest and hunting came back. The dance consists of five people wearing masks of tigers, leopards, bears, deer and roe deer, which are lively and interesting.

Single drum waist bell

Single drum waist bell is a verbal name of artists, also known as "playing single drum" or "playing waist bell". It is a sacrificial dance with many small bells wrapped around the waist and dancing with "single drum" (or "grabbing drum"). Manchu believes in Shamanism and worships "Eagle God", "Python God" and "Crow God". On holidays, the "Buddha's head mother" was first invited to the throne on the day of ancestor worship, and then Chama began to dance. They wore hats and tied waist bells, holding drums and dancing while singing divine songs. They jump in the house first, and then jump outside the courtyard. The content of ancestor worship is to mourn the merits of ancestors, to bless the world peace, to wish good weather and good weather, and to pray for the elimination of diseases and disasters.

Editing Manchu Musical Instruments in this paragraph

The octagonal drum is octagonal and covered with python skin. Seven sides have copper rings on each side, and the other side is tied with a long spike, which can be played, rubbed and shaken as an accompaniment instrument for singing.

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summarize

Manchu operas. Also known as "octagonal drum play". Developed from Manchu folk art octagonal drum. In their leisure time, Manchu ancestors surrounded the bonfire, sang and danced while talking, and struck the self-made octagonal drums to entertain their emotions, gradually forming an artistic form combining speaking, singing and dancing. After the Qing soldiers entered the customs, the octagonal drum cooperated with the dulcimer, pipa, four strings and gongs and drums, and absorbed various palace tunes, zaju and folk songs and ditties from all over the country, forming a brand drama. Sing more historical and folk stories.

Erxian

Manchu plucked instrument. Wooden, the headdress of the piano has a dragon head, one chord axis on the left and one chord axis on the right, the speaker is rectangular, with holes on the bottom, and the speaker is covered with hands and framed with dragon patterns. The Qing court was used to play banquets.

sanxian

Manchu plucked instruments. Sandalwood, square groove, carved with a large top flower at the head, carved with patterns at the tail end, fingerboard on the front of the stem, and protecting the string at the tail end to expose the animal skin. He holds the piano in his left hand, and his thumb and forefinger in his right hand wear bone nails to pluck the strings. He has skills such as playing, picking, dividing, sweeping, smashing and rubbing. It was used to play banquets in the Qing court, and was used to accompany drums, books, Dan Xian, etc.

editing this paragraph of Manchu folk songs

Manchu folk songs are rich in content. Compared with Han folk songs, there are more songs about fishing, hunting, herding and the Eight Banners soldiers going out to war and missing their loved ones. Its lyrics are popular and lively, and its melody is simple and concise. This feature of Manchu folk songs in rural areas is more obvious. Manchu people can't live without singing in their daily life. Lively and emotional singing almost involves the whole life customs of Manchu people and sings their wishes and aspirations. Since birth, I have listened to "Rocking the Car", and some older people have learned to sing "Little Bench" and "Riverside", childhood "Grazing the Gala", youth's herding folk songs, youth's love songs, wedding songs, war songs for war, hunting songs for hunting, harvest festivals, birthday greetings, triumph celebrations, joys and sorrows all have songs, and their musical styles are different. Manchu folk songs include lullabies, children's songs, love songs, labor songs, folk songs, minor songs, happy songs, war songs, narrative songs, etc., with various forms, covering almost all aspects of their national life, and their music also has its own characteristics. In the mid-18th century, the children of the Eight Banners created a new kind of drum words, which was called "Qingyin Zidishu" when they sang with the drum board and three strings. A lullaby, also known as a "leisurely tune". It is the most popular among Manchu people, and almost every Manchu child grew up in this kind of elegant and stable tune. The "lullaby" circulating now is in Manchu and Chinese, or at most it is both in Manchu and Chinese. Labor songs, when Manchu ancestors were fishing and hunting, they often boasted horns or conchs as horns, beating gongs and drums, which was huge. After hunting, we sang and danced in the wild, and the rhythmic labor songs developed into smooth labor songs, which accommodated a broad life scene. Folk songs, Manchu people express their love for their hometown and labor with passionate folk songs, some of which are labor songs. Among them, the folk songs praising the rich and magnificent rivers and mountains are called "Kuashan Tune", with free and strong rhythm, high and open tunes, unrestrained and hearty emotions. Tunes such as "Backing Mountain Tune" and "Climbing Mountain Tune" are widely absorbed by Bajiaogu and Dan Xian. Manchu folk songs are also very distinctive. For example, the "official blowing" on the way to the wedding reception, the happy song "Lacongqi" sung during the wedding ceremony, and the mourning and a large number of sacrificial songs in the funeral ceremony are all very touching. Manchu folk songs are pentatonic in most parts, with concise structure, smooth melody and sincere feelings. There are colorful folk songs and children's songs that reflect the labor, sacrifices, games, expeditions and daily life of Manchu people in the vast rural areas of Northeast China. Among them, there are fishermen's songs "Running to the South China Sea", folk songs "Kaishandiao", pastoral songs "Slipping Whip" and "Happy Songs". Love is reflected in Ilhamuk, Red Wool, Cigarette Bag, December, etc. Game songs include "Grasping Ga Laha" and "Clapping Songs"; The contents of the expedition are "The Song of the Expedition" and "The Octagonal Drum Knocking"; Danchalami and Ziziphus jujuba, which reflect women's lives; Children's songs include "Haystack with a Golden Knife" and "The Wind is Coming".

Edit the etiquette of this paragraph

Before Manchu entered Liao and Shen, they were good at riding and shooting. Children around the age of 7 practice shooting mandarin fish with wooden bows and arrows, and women hold whips as well as men. Manchu costumes, men shave off the surrounding hair, braid and hang down behind their heads, wear horseshoe sleeves, split on both sides, and tied in the waist, which is convenient for riding and shooting. The woman wears a bun on her head, earrings, a wide straight cheongsam and high-heeled shoes. After entering the customs, Manchu and Chinese costumes gradually tended to be consistent. There was a time when it was very popular for women everywhere to wear cheongsam. In the past, there was a screen wall in the general courtyard of Manchu houses, and there was a "solo pole" for the gods. Generally, there are two main rooms in a house, with the door facing south, a stove in the outhouse and kangs in the north, west and south of the back room. Xiangbobo

Manchu people attach importance to etiquette. In the past, I usually saw my elders perform a "thousand-beating" ceremony. The man bent his right knee and his right hand drooped along the knee. Women crouch with their hands on their knees. Friends and relatives of the same generation meet each other, regardless of men and women. The west of Manchu is the top, and indoor Xikang is not allowed to sit casually and pile up sundries. The main taboo is not to beat or kill dogs, not to eat dog meat and not to use dog skin products; Avoid guests wearing dog skin hats or dog skin sleeves. It is said that the main reason is that dogs played a helper role in the long-term fishing and hunting life of Manchu ancestors, and people could not bear to eat their meat and use their skins, thus forming this custom. For more than 3 years since the Qing Dynasty, Manchu and Han lived together for a long time, and Manchu has no difference with Han in language, clothing and customs. The Manchu people living in all parts of the customs are only in remote villages where Manchu people live in concentrated communities, and some Manchu residents still use Manchu to maintain some Manchu customs. At the same time, some elements of Manchu customs can be found from Han customs (including Chinese vocabulary). Manchu is a nation that is good at learning and creating, and has made contributions to developing the culture of the motherland.

Taboos for editing Manchu in this paragraph

Taboos for life

The Westinghouse where Manchu people live has a vine-shaped kang. Because there is a shrine on the west wall, in order to respect their ancestors, it is not allowed to empty dishes and dustpans on the west kang, because it is disrespectful to put them empty when offering sacrifices, such as putting meat on the dishes, putting a dustpan on yellow wheat and frying yellow bean. At the same time, family and guests are not allowed to sit in Xikang. Manchu people avoid dog skin and dog meat [5]. This is a very important custom of Manchu (Nuzhen), and there are three theories about it: one is that the righteous dog saved the Han king, the other is that it originated from the customs of Manchu ancestors, and the third is totem worship.

Taboos in Sacrifice

Manchu people are not allowed to tie horses and feed poultry under the sacred poles in the southeast of the courtyard. Before the sacrifice, you should fast, including bathing and changing clothes, not getting drunk, not eating meat, not attending mourning, not asking sick people for illness, not having fun, and in short, not participating in all unlucky and dirty things. There are also 12 taboos on the day of sacrifice: 1. Dishonesty, 1. Inappropriate manners, 1. Unclean utensils, 1. Angry quarrels, 1. Disdressed clothes, 1. Gossiping about foreign affairs, 1. Laughing excessively, 1. Disorderly young and old, 1. Disruption of knives and spoons, 1. Leaving the house uncleanly before the sacrifice is finished, 1. Entering the house uncleanly before the sacrifice is finished. Shenyang Manchu also offered sacrifices to "Shenma" during the sacrifice, and Manchu called it "He He Ma". "What" pulls a cart, and no women are allowed to sit. "Shenma" is dead, so it needs to be buried, and no meat is allowed. "Shenma", also called "Zuma", enjoys high courtesy.

The eight surnames in history of manchu are Tong Jiashi, Guaerjia, Majia, Suochuluo, Qijia, Fucha, Nala and Niuzhilu. Modern Manchu surnames are preceded by Chinese surnames: Tong, Guan, Ma, Suo, Qi, Fu, Na and Lang.