Melody, harmony, rhythm, etc.

1. Melody: Melody is one of the most basic elements in musical works. It consists of a series of notes with a certain pitch, length and rhythm. Melody can be expressed through singing or instrumental playing, and is the most easily remembered and recognized part of a musical work.

2. Harmony: Harmony refers to the sound effect produced when different notes are sounded at the same time. Harmony can create a rich variety of musical colors and emotional expressions through the combination and arrangement of different notes. Harmony can be constructed by chords, chord progressions, harmonic progressions, etc., and is an important part of musical works.

3. Rhythm: Rhythm is the sense of time and rhythm in music. It consists of a series of regular notes and note combinations, which determine the speed, beat and rhythm of the musical work. Rhythm can be expressed through different note durations, accents and instrumental techniques, and is an important driving force and means of expression in musical works.