I know this question! Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" Original text:

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I moved to the left to Sima Jiujiang County. Next autumn, when seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard someone playing the pipa in the boat at night. Listening to his music, there was a clanging sound from Kyoto. When asked about the person, I was originally from Chang'an and advocated women. I tried to learn the pipa from Mu and Cao, two talented people. She was old and beautiful, and she committed herself to being a wife of a Jia family. Then he ordered wine and asked him to play several songs quickly. The song ended with pity, and he recounted the joyful things in his childhood. Now he is drifting and haggard, migrating among the rivers and lakes. It has been two years since I left the official position, and I feel at peace with myself. Thanks to the words of others, I began to feel the intention of relegation in the evening. Because of the long sentences, I gave them a song, with six hundred and sixteen words, named "Pipa Xing".

The Xunyang River sees off guests on the first night, and the maple leaves and flowers are rustling in autumn.

The master dismounted and was on the boat. He wanted to drink wine but there was no orchestra.

We will say goodbye miserably when we are too drunk. When we say goodbye, the vast river is soaked in the moon.

Suddenly I heard the sound of pipa playing on the water, and the host forgot to return the guest.

Who is asking questions secretly? The sound of the pipa stopped and it was too late to speak.

Moving the boat closer to invite us to meet each other, adding wine, turning back the lights, and re-opening the banquet.

After calling for a long time, he came out, still holding the pipa and half covering his face.

The three or two sounds of the strings being plucked by the rotating shaft indicate feelings before the tune is formed.

The strings muffle the sound and thoughts, seeming to complain of failure in life.

The formalities of the letter were continued with a low eyebrow, telling all the infinite things in one’s heart.

Lightly gathered together, slowly twisted and wiped, then picked again, first "Neon Shang" and later "Liu Yao".

The big strings are noisy like the rain, and the small strings are like whispers.

Noisy and jumbled bullets, big and small beads falling onto the jade plate.

In the meantime, the orioles in Guan Guan are talking about the slippery bottom of the flowers, and it is difficult to go under the ice of Youyanquan.

The ice spring is cold and the strings are condensed, and the condensation will never pass the sound for a while.

Don’t feel sad and resentful. Silence is better than sound at this time.

The silver bottle bursts out, and the water slurries burst out, and the cavalry stands out with swords and guns.

At the end of the song, the plucked strings are carefully drawn, and the sound of the four strings is like cracking silk.

The east boat and the west boat were silent, except for the white autumn moon in the middle of the river.

While he was chanting and plucking the strings, he straightened his clothes and tightened his features.

She said she was originally a girl from the capital, and her family lived under Toad Tomb.

On the 13th, he learned the pipa and became the first member of the teaching group.

Qu Ba once taught good people how to dress well, and Qiu Niang was always jealous of her makeup.

When Wuling was young, he was struggling with his head, and there were countless red tips.

The silver grate on the tin head was smashed into pieces, and the bloody skirt was stained by wine.

The laughter of this year will return to the next, and the autumn moon and spring breeze will pass easily.

My younger brother left to join the army, and my aunt died.

There are few horses and pommels in front of the door, and the boss is married to a businessman.

Businessmen value profit over separation. The month before last, they went to Fuliang to buy tea.

Going back and forth to the mouth of the river to guard the empty boat, the moon is shining brightly around the boat, and the river is cold.

Late at night, I suddenly dreamed about my youth. I cried and cried, and my eyes were red with tears.

I sighed when I heard the pipa, and I sighed again when I heard the words.

We are both fallen people at the end of the world, so why should we have known each other before?

I resigned from the Imperial Capital last year and was relegated to Xunyang City where I was sick.

There is no music in the remote place of Xunyang, and the sound of silk and bamboo is not heard all year round.

The land near the Huanjiang River is low and humid, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around the house.

What did you hear in the morning and evening? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans.

When the flowers on the spring river face the autumn moonlit night, I often drink wine alone.

How can there be no folk songs and village flutes?

Tonight I hear your pipa music, and my ears are temporarily bright as if I were listening to fairy music.

Mo Cigen sat down to play a song and translated it for you, "Pipa Xing".

I feel that I have been saying this for a long time, but sitting down makes the strings turn sharply.

The sad sound is not like the forward sound, and everyone in the house is crying after hearing it again.

Who cried the most? Jiangzhou Sima's green shirt is wet.

Translation:

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, I was demoted to be Sima of Jiujiang County. In the autumn of the following year, when I was seeing off guests at Penpukou, I heard a woman playing the pipa in a neighboring boat at night. I carefully examined the sound and found that the sonorous and sonorous sound had the flavor of the capital city. I asked about her origins, and it turned out that she was a musician from Chang'an. She once learned skills from Mu and Cao, two famous pipa masters. Later, she grew old and lost her beauty, and married a businessman. So I ordered the wine to be served and asked her to play a few pieces of music to her heart's content.

After she finished playing, she looked sad and talked about the happy past of her youth, but now she was wandering in the rivers and lakes, haggard and haggard. I have been a local magistrate for two years, and I have always been in a peaceful mood, but her words touched me. This night, I actually felt like I was being demoted. So I wrote this seven-character song, chanted it and presented it to her. It has 616 words in one poem and is titled "Pipa Song".

One night I went to the Xunyang River to see off guests, and the autumn wind rustled the maple leaves and dill flowers.

The host and the guest dismounted and boarded the boat together, holding cups to drink, but there was no orchestra to entertain them.

I got drunk and waited sadly to say goodbye. When I said goodbye, I saw the bright moon reflected in the vast river.

Suddenly the clear sound of pipa was heard on the river. The host forgot to return and the guests did not want to leave.

Look for the source of the sound and ask who is playing the pipa? The sound of the pipa stopped and he was a little hesitant to answer.

Sail the boat and move nearby to invite her to cross the boat to meet her, brighten the lights, add food and drinks, and start a banquet.

After being called upon repeatedly, she slowly walked out, still holding the pipa in her arms, covering half of her face.

Tighten the piano shaft and pluck the strings to try playing two or three times. Before the tune is formed, the shape is very sentimental.

Xianxian's sad and sad voice implies deep contemplation and seems to be telling her life's frustration.

She lowered her head and played continuously, using the sound of the piano to express all the infinite love in her heart.

Gently caress it, slowly twist it, rub it down and lift it up again, first play the song "Nancy Dress and Feather Clothes" and then play "Six Yao".

The big string is loud, long and noisy like a storm, while the small string is gentle and quiet, like someone whispering.

The noisy sounds are intertwined with each other, just like big beads and small beads falling from a jade plate.

The chirping of warblers slipped away leisurely from under the flowers, and the quiet spring water flowed very hard under the ice.

It seems that the sound of the cold pipa in the water spring begins to condense, and the condensed and unsmooth sound gradually stops.

It seems that another kind of sadness and hatred is secretly growing. At this time, the silence is more moving than the sound.

Suddenly it was like a silver bottle breaking and water splashing everywhere, or like armored cavalry fighting with swords and guns.

At the end of the song, she aimed at the center of the strings and plucked them, and the four strings roared like tearing the silk.

People on the east and west boats listened quietly, and saw the white autumn moon reflected in the middle of the river.

She meditated, put away the plectrum and inserted it into the strings. She straightened her clothes and still showed a solemn face.

She said that she was originally a famous singer in the capital, and her hometown lived in Xia Tongling in the southeast of Chang'an City.

I learned how to play the pipa at the age of thirteen, and my name was listed in the first team of the Jiaofang Orchestra.

Every time she plays a song, she is impressed by the art masters, and every time she puts on makeup, she is jealous of her fellow geishas.

The wealthy children of Kyoto rushed to present gifts, and after playing a song, they collected countless red gauze.

The silver grate on the tin head is often broken and smashed, and the red skirt is stained by wine stains, but I don’t regret it.

We spent year after year laughing and playing, and the beautiful time from autumn to spring was wasted.

My brother joined the army and my sister died. My family has been ruined. As the evening passes and the morning comes, I gradually grow older and lose appearance.

There are fewer cars and horses in front of the door and only a few visitors. My youth is gone and I have to marry a businessman as my wife.

Businessmen value profits rather than love and often break up easily. Last month he went to Fuliang to do tea business.

He left, leaving me alone to guard the empty boat at the mouth of the river. The autumn moon accompanied me around the cabin, and the autumn water was cold.

Even late at night, I often dreamed of having fun and carnivaling as a teenager, and I woke up crying in the dream, staining my pink face with tears.

I sighed when I heard the weeping pipa sound, and I became even more sad when I heard her words.

We are both frustrated people living in the world. Why ask if we have met before when we meet today!

Since I left the prosperous imperial capital Chang'an last year, I was relegated to Xunyang City where I have often been bedridden and ill.

Xunyang is a desolate and remote place without music, and you can’t hear the sound of orchestral instruments all year round.

I live in a low-lying and humid place near the Fanjiang River, where yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow in clusters around my house.

What sounds can be heard here sooner or later? It's all the cuckoo's cry and the ape's cry.

In such a good time as the flowers on the spring river and the moonlit night on the autumn river, one can often only take the wine and drink it by himself.

Are there no folk songs and village flutes in the local area? That kind of hoarse voice is really unpleasant.

Tonight when I listen to you playing the pipa and expressing your true feelings, it’s like hearing fairy music and my ears are clear for a moment.

Please don’t refuse to sit down and play another piece of music. I will compose a pipa line according to the music score for you.

Moved by my words, she stood for a long time, sat down again, and tightened the strings to make the pitch faster.

The mournful sound was no longer the same as before. After hearing it again, everyone in the house covered their faces and cried.

If you were to ask who shed the most tears, Jiangzhou Sima’s blue official robe was already wet.

Notes:

To move to the left: to be demoted, to be demoted. Synonymous with "relegation" mentioned below. The ancients respected the right and despised the left, so they called demotion to the left.

Clang: describes the sound of metal, jade, etc. hitting each other.

Kyoto sound: refers to the popular music tone in the capital of the Tang Dynasty.

Advocating women: singing girls. Advocate, an ancient singing and dancing artist.

Shancai: The general name for pipa masters or music masters at that time. It means "expert".

Commitment: Commitment, here refers to the meaning of marriage.

To: do.

Jia (gǔ): businessman.

Mingjiu: Ask (his subordinates) to serve wine.

Mingran: a sad look. One is "compassion for silence".

Piao (piāo): drifting and falling.

Office: (Beijing official) external transfer.

Tianran: indifferent and peaceful.

Relegation (zhé): Demotion, demotion or exile.

Wei (wéi): creation.

Long sentence: refers to a seven-character poem.

Song: to compose a song, verb.

Fan: General ***.

Six hundred and sixteen: "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" and "Bai's Changqing Collection" are both written as "six hundred and twelve".

Word: word.

Fate: naming, title.

Xunyang River: According to research, it is the Penshui River flowing through Xunyang City, which is now the Longkai River in Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province (has been artificially filled in), and flows into the Yangtze River through Penpukou.

Di (dí) flower: a perennial herbaceous plant that grows near water. It has long, reed-like leaves and purple flowers in autumn. Whispering: describes the sound of maple trees and reeds being blown by the autumn wind.

Master: The poet refers to himself.

Turn back the light: turn on the light again. One is "Moving the Lamp".

Cover: cover, suppress.

Thinking: sad feelings.

Zhi: One is "meaning".

Xinshou: casually. It means very skillful and natural. Continue playing: Play continuously.

Close: Use the fingers of your left hand to press the strings and push them inwards (the middle of the pipa).

Twist (niǎn): same as "twist", vibrato action.

Wiping: the action of wiping down smoothly.

Pick: The action of backhand callback.

Nishang (cháng): The name of the song is "Nishang Yuyi Song", which was originally a music and dance from the Western Regions. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Jingshu, the governor of Xiliang, created the sound according to the song and then spread to the Central Plains.

Liu Yao: The name of the big song, also called "Le Shi", "Green Waist", and "Lu Yao", is a song and dance song. One is "Green Waist".

Da string: The thickest string on the pipa.

Chaocao: The sound is heavy and muffled.

Xiao Xian: The thinnest string on the pipa.

Qieqie: describes an urgent and broken voice.

Jianguan: onomatopoeia, here describes the sound of "orioles" (birds singing euphemistically).

Youth pharynx: like a blockage.

It is difficult to pass under the ice: the spring flow is blocked under the ice and it is difficult to pass through, describing the sound of music changing from smooth to cold. Difficult, opposite to slippery, means astringent. One is "Underwater Beach".

Ningjue: stagnation. Condensation means "doubt".

Gloom and hatred: the sorrow and hatred hidden in the heart.

Burst: sputter.

Cavalry: Armored cavalry.

End of song: The music ends.

Be careful with the drawing: use a plectrum to draw the four strings in the middle of the pipa, which is a right-hand technique often used at the end of a song.

Bo: The general name for silk fabrics in ancient times.

Boat: One is "boat".

Fang: boat.

See: One is "you".

Condensing one’s face: restraining one’s facial expression (sad, angry and resentful when thinking deeply).

Xia (há) Tongling: Southeast of Chang'an City, near Qujiang, it was a famous recreational area at that time. Shrimp, Tong "clam".

Jiaofang: the official office that managed the palace band in the Tang Dynasty. Part One: It's like saying the first regiment or the first team.

Qiuniang: A common name for singing and dancing prostitutes in the Tang Dynasty. It generally refers to the beautiful and talented singers at that time.

Wuling: Outside Chang'an City, it refers to the tombs of the five emperors of the Han Dynasty, Changling, Anling, Yangling, Maoling and Pinling. They were the places where the rich lived at that time. To wrap one's head around: Use brocade and other property to give to singing and dancing prostitutes or prostitutes. It refers to the financial gifts given to singing and dancing girls in ancient times. In the Tang Dynasty, silk was used, and later generations used other financial gifts.

Red gauze: a kind of raw silk fabric.

Dian (diàn) head: a hair grate with flower mother-of-pearl on both ends.

Silver grate (bì): It is said to be "yun grate", jewelry decorated with gold and jade jewelry.

Percussion: beat the beat. Wooden or bamboo boards were originally used to beat the beat during singing and dancing.

Easy: casually, easily.

Color: aging appearance.

Boss: Refers to old age.

Fuliang: An ancient county name, belonging to Raozhou in the Tang Dynasty. It is located in today’s Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province and is rich in tea.

Qulai: after parting. Come on, modal particles.

Crying in a dream: crying in a dream, with traces of tears on the face evened out by makeup. One work is "Crying makeup and falling into tears".

Hong Lingqian: The look of tears melting into makeup and powder flowing all over the face.

Chong: Chongyou, meaning again.

Chirp: sigh.

Words: One is "Li".

Remote place: one is "small place".

Susui: the whole year.

Danmu: morning and evening.

vomit: a vocal word that describes monotonous music.

铳(zhāo): Describes complex sounds, also called "chirp".

Pipa language: the sound of pipa, the music played by pipa.

Temporary: suddenly, all of a sudden.

Translation: Write lyrics according to the music.

Sit back: return to the original place. String tightening: Tighten the string wire. Indicates getting ready to play.

Forward tone: the tone played just now.

Hide your tears: Cover your face and shed tears.

Green shirt: the color of clothing for eighth- and ninth-grade civil servants in the Tang Dynasty. Bai Juyi's official rank at that time was that of general and minister, from the ninth rank, so he wore a green shirt.

About the author:

Bai Juyi (772-846), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Lotte and the name is Xiangshan Jushi. He was first from Taiyuan (now part of Shanxi) and later moved to Xiagui (now northeast of Weinan, Shaanxi). Zhenyuan Jinshi, awarded the title of Secretary Provincial Secretary. During the Yuanhe period, he served as Zuo Shiyi and Zuo Zanshan. Later, he offended the powerful and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima because he petitioned to severely arrest the murderer who assassinated Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng. In the early years of Changqing, he was appointed as the governor of Hangzhou, and in the early years of Baoli, he was appointed as the governor of Suzhou. Later, he became the minister of the Ministry of punishment. In literature, he advocated that "articles should be combined to suit the occasion, and songs and poems should be combined to suit the situation." He was an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement. The language of his poetry is popular. He often sang harmony with Yuan Zhen and was known as "Yuan Bai" in the world. There is "Bai's Changqing Collection".

Creative background:

In the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (816), Bai Juyi was bidding farewell to his guests at the head of the Xunyang River. He met a Chang'an singing girl playing the pipa and used it as a theme. Composed this long narrative poem "Pipa Xing".

Appreciation:

"Pipa Xing" is a long narrative poem written by Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. By describing the superb playing skills and unfortunate life experiences of the singing girl Pipa Girl, this poem exposes unreasonable phenomena such as bureaucratic corruption, poor people's livelihood, and buried talents in feudal society. It expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the Pipa Girl and also expresses the poet's deep sympathy for the Pipa Girl. Anger at being demoted innocently.