Huagu Lantern

Huagu Lantern, also known as red lantern, is widely spread in urban and rural areas of Fengtai. According to the word-of-mouth of old artists, Fengtai Flower Drum Lanterns had already formed a complete performance form before Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, with rich dances, gongs and drums. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, the custom of playing with lanterns and celebrating the Lantern Festival was very popular in the county and the scale was huge. During the Spring Festival, the working people express their yearning for a better life, their pursuit of love, and their criticism of feudal rule by playing with lanterns.

In addition, the flower drum lantern performance is also closely connected with activities such as praying for rain and making wishes.

The period from the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932) to the 26th year of the Republic of China was one of the prosperous periods of Fengtai flower drum lanterns. There are gongs and drums in almost every village, and lights in every village. Every year during the Spring Festival and temple fairs, Maoxian Cave, Siding Mountain, Zhaojia Gudui and other places are good places for Huagu Deng lantern classes to gather and compete in lantern performances.

Each lantern troupe beat gongs and drums, held umbrellas and colorful flags, and held wax flowers on the drum stand. They walked and sang, flocking to the venue with their superb acting skills and gorgeous costumes

Decoration attracts the audience.

In order to increase their popularity, various lighting troupes have hired famous artists to carefully cultivate new talents, or study hard to develop unique skills. In the 22nd year of the Republic of China, during the "Lamp Arrival" held in Shangtang, more than 40 lantern troupes performed continuously for four days and four nights, and more than 400 flower drum lantern artists participated in the performance. In the past five years

Fengtai Huagu performing arts have developed greatly, and the dance vocabulary of the traditional program "Small Field" has gradually become richer and more expressive. Wahua went

The "village" (props tied to the feet) was lost, and the footwork has evolved from the small "choking step" and "soft step" to the "uphill step" and "heel step" Large movements such as "step" and "big start". The clothing has been changed from the original Qing Dynasty costumes with wide edges and large sleeves to fashionable clothes. The Flower Drum Songs [Embroidering Lotus], [Embroidering Doudou],

[Bi Tiao], etc. are complete. There were small dances with storylines and characters such as grabbing handkerchiefs, grabbing fans, and grabbing benches.

In the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938), the Japanese army invaded and occupied the county. The people were in dire straits, and the flower drum lantern performance reached a low point. A small number of artists formed groups and went to the Lu'an and Huoqiu areas to make a living by performing flower drum lanterns. They also used the art form of flower drum lanterns to promote the anti-Japanese war and participate in activities to expand and support the army. In the autumn of the 28th year of the Republic of China,

Chen Jingzhi, Song Tingxiang and other artists added the "backstage" of flower drum lanterns and related operas to the accompaniment of folk string instruments, which made the masses more fond of it and called it "strings"

"Zi Lamp". Other lighting classes rushed to follow suit. From the 29th year of the Republic of China to the 38th year of the Republic of China, the singing and dancing of flower drum lanterns were gradually replaced by "Xianzi lanterns".

After liberation, amateur Huagudeng artists performed songs and dances to celebrate the liberation, praise the party's leadership and the socialist system, and publicize the Huaihe Peace Movement.

The movement to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea. In 1952, professional literary and art workers inspected and excavated Fengtai Flower Drum Lanterns. Native folk art has received the attention of the government. In March 1953, Fengtai selected 10 Huagudeng artists including Tian Zhenqi, Li Zhaoye and Li Xuehong to participate in the first national folk music and dance performance. The traditional programs "Small Field" and "Big Field" were made into movies and became one of the wonderful programs in the film "Folk Song and Dance". Since then, the county has trained the first generation of Huagudeng actresses such as Ji Meiying and Guo Tingying. This has changed the past habit of men playing wax flowers.

In January 1955, at the Anhui Provincial Workers and Peasants Youth Amateur Literary and Art Observation and Performance Conference, Fengtai County Huagu Deng’s programs "Collecting Cotton" and "Grabbing the Bench"

won the program award and Performance Award, Zhan Leting and Ji Meiying won the Performance Award. In March 1957, the flower-drum song duet "Small Round House" participated in the second national folk music and dance performance. The audience praised this program as "a show that you will never tire of watching and never tire of listening to."

In 1958, the Fengtai County Push Opera Troupe performed the flower-drum lantern song and dance "Cotton Harvest Dance". The white fans and handkerchiefs symbolize cotton, and they sing and dance. This breaks the traditional performance method of dancing with flower drums and lanterns without singing and singing without dancing, and creates the image of working women in the new era. In the winter of 1960

Vice Chairman Dong Biwu watched this program in Fuyang.

In 1964, "Cotton Harvest Dance" won unanimous praise from experts and peers at the Huagu Lantern Song and Dance Exhibition in Anhui Province. Since then, in the two programs "Tian Tou Le" and "New Wife Grabbing the Spot", the heroine of Huagu Deng started from the reality of character creation, threw away the handkerchief and fan, and artistically reproduced labor under the socialist system Women’s mental outlook. This technique was successively used in programs such as "Food Delivery Road" and "Spade Fighting", which promoted the reform process of flower drum lanterns in expressing modern life.

During the "Cultural Revolution", the twisting, swaying, trembling, bumping, shaking, and three-turn bends in the Huagudeng song and dance were denounced as "yellow and obscene", and the actors and actresses

All art was criticized, and Huagudeng art activities disappeared.

After 1978, the art of flower drum lanterns gradually regained its vitality. In December 1982, Chen Jingzhi and Chen Yongshun created and choreographed the solo dance "Wild Flower Ballad" using their unique trembling, bumping and shaking movements. Wu Guolan performed it at the Anhui Rural Amateur Art Performance and won the Outstanding Creation Award and the Outstanding Performance Award. Performance Award. Won the third prize in the second dance performance in East China

At the beginning of 1984, the Fengtai County Committee of the Communist Party of China issued a call to rescue Huagudeng singing and dancing, led by the county Culture Bureau. The first flower drum lantern art training class in Anhui Province was established. The art training class has attracted the attention of people from all walks of life inside and outside the province. Relevant units

sent personnel to take photos, videos, and write articles for publicity. Brothers from other regions and relevant units sent people to learn skills and rehearse programs, which promoted the flower drum lantern business.

With development, Fengtai has formed a new Huagu Deng craze since liberation. In 1985, "Outing", "Summer Camp", "Sisters and Brothers

Music", "Little Flower Field", and "The Fragrance of Rice Flowers by the Yongxing River" performed by students from the art training class were held at the first Huainan City Flower Drum Lantern Festival. Won the Outstanding Creation Award and the Outstanding Performance

Performance Award at the Art Festival. Anhui Provincial Television once produced a feature film based on this, which was broadcast to the whole province on New Year's Day in 1986, and won praise from people from all walks of life.

Fengtai County Huagu Deng has now developed into a stage art that can express a variety of themes and shape various characters. Its music and dance

have been widely absorbed by opera and other arts. The performance art of Fengtai Flower Drum Lantern has spread to 13 Asian countries such as Japan and some European countries and regions such as France. It has had a positive and far-reaching impact on the culture and art of various countries around the world.

Performing Arts

Dance

Dance of female characters: Female characters are called wax flowers, also known as Baotou and orchids. Before liberation, they were played by male teenagers, and they were divided into big wax flowers, two wax flowers, three wax flowers, etc. according to the number of tasks they shouldered.

During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, wax flower performers wore wide-brimmed red coats and trousers with large sleeves, carried ball flowers on their heads, wore face coverings to hide their shame, and hung

mats (tied to seesaws under their feet). In order to balance the body, you must straighten your upper body, draw in your abdomen, and protrude your buttocks slightly, like the walking posture of a woman with small feet. In the early years of the Republic of China,

women were encouraged to relax their feet and not "hang mats" when performing wax flowers. Due to traditional performance habits, the center of gravity during wax flower performances was still on the soles of the front feet, forming an "uphill step"

(Another theory is that the dark flowers imitate the movements of people’s feet when climbing mountains). In order to show the shy look of a woman when she sees a man, Lahua often uses a handkerchief to wave her mouth when turning a corner, and uses "tile steps" (simulating walking on small feet) with her feet. After liberation, Wuzui and Wabu were no longer used, and footwork postures such as big start, small start, cute step, bounding, and leaping were mostly used to express scenes of production and labor. During the wax flower performance, the posture, fan flowers, and handkerchief flowers all develop.

Nowadays, when performing wax flowers, the fan is held in the right hand. The techniques include: pinching with two fingers, pinching with two fingers, pinching with three fingers, pinching the fan shaft, holding the fan, buckling the fan, holding the fan in the tiger's mouth, etc.

Fan flowers include: oscillating fan, rubbing fan (divided into front and back), separate fan, sticking fan, reverse fan, swing fan, carrying fan, push fan, extraction fan, flip fan, clip fan, and floating fan. , braided fan,

Rolling fan, folding fan, Qin fan, chopping fan, support fan, scoop fan, Ke fan, cloud fan, sweeping fan, sunshade fan, people-blocking fan, shame-shading fan, anti-sun fan Fan, rain shelter fan, blocker

Fan, single fluttering butterfly, double fluttering butterfly, cutting wheat flowers, disk fan, hip-mounted turning fan, closed opening fan, double split fan, wind blowing lotus, turning wrist Closed open fan, rotating reverse sun

fan, inside and outside fan, single sling fan, lotus flower, front and back flower, double flower flower, single flower flower, butterfly flower flower, little second sister flower flower There are more than 40 species such as jade and jade.

The wax flowers are in the handkerchief, and the handkerchief flowers include: putting the handkerchief, collecting the handkerchief, turning the handkerchief, wrapping the handkerchief, inside and outside flowers, etc.

The steps include: small start, big start, wave step, flat step, double loop step, bicycle step, original bump step, back step, sieve step, cross step, and back

Heeling step, trembling step, trembling step, flower bang step, toe step, cloud trembling step, kicking step, mud step, uphill step (divided into soft, hard, small, cross, and hip-suction 5

Types) cloud step, elimination step, mutual step, embroidered step, setback step (divided into single ground, double hanging), fear step (divided into front, back, left and right), wave step, empty step, heel There are more than 30 kinds of steps, including the stalk step,

back hook and small jump step.

Turns include toe turns, sweeping turns, retreat turns (two types: head-holding and head-wrapping), step-up turns (also divided into head-holding and head-wrapping),

< p> Changes include the political fan turn, the cloud turn, the double scarf turn, the single and double jump turns, etc. There are many types of turn: reverse sweep turn, double fan turn, jump three-step turn, right forward point turn, etc.

The corners include showing mercy, turning back to show your wings, turning back to look at the man, single turn, double turn, small turn, triple turn, scissor-crotch turn, dragon swinging tail turn

Turn, Fan-style turning at the waist.

The postures include three bends, holding the full moon in the arms, building a shade canopy, holding a needle plaque, sheltering from the rain, looking at the moon in the water, single sling, single shoulder basket, taking photos in the water, and fighting pose.

< p>Chasing style, phoenix spreading its wings alone, wind swinging the willow, ducking, ducking, shaking waist, shrugging, phoenix three nods (soft and hard), young lady combing her hair, swallow driving

Wind More than 20 kinds.

The male role dances; the male role is called the drum stand, also known as the one with a headband and a drum on the shoulder. Due to different division of labor, there are umbrella leaders (fenwen umbrella, martial umbrella), small drum stand

zi, big drum stand and ugly drum.

The person leading the umbrella is the conductor during the performance, leading all the players in the audience to "run in formation" (changing graphics). Wen Umbrella is good at singing and has the ability to improvise lyrics

Wu Umbrella is good at dancing and can do somersaults. Parachute dances include parachute spinning, parachute throwing, parachute knocking, parachute circling, parachuting, parachute jumping, parachute braiding, parachute rolling, parachuting forward and backward, etc.

The small drum stand is good at singing and dancing; the big drum stand (also known as the "base") is powerful and can hold many people. It is mainly used to perform various styles in "Shangpangu"

type; Ugly drums often perform gags and are humorous. The footwork of the drum set includes: duck step (big trot), wind swing willow, leap step, dustpan step, uphill step (there are three types: big, small, and cross), happy step, and mud throwing There are more than 10 kinds of steps: step, big field step (quick step), twisting hip step, forward step, double ring step, back step, three gong steps, horizontal step, setback step, winding step and pendulum step.

There are two types of postures: "big posture" and "small posture". The "big frame" includes shoulder pole pose, tiger fighting pose, twisting body and leg jump, single punch, lunge, rogue jump ball, golden rooster independence, Erlang mountain carrying, overlord lifting tripod, cart pose, The lion's coat swing, the horse riding crotch pose, the sword draw pose, etc. The "small frame" includes front and back punches, punching postures, defeating postures, jumping postures, welcoming postures, moon-looking postures, holding the moon in the arms, squatting postures, twisting the body and sucking the legs, and bowing postures. , sleeve-drawing style, sword-inserting style, etc.

The turnings include rushing, jumping and sucking the leg to turn, turning while turning, sneaking step, turning and kicking, sucking the leg to turn, stomping the foot to turn, turning to catch the air, and stepping to turn

, hold your head and turn around, etc.

The kicking movements include small five kicks, five kicks to catch the air, two kicks to catch the air, eighteen kicks, three kicks, round kicks, two kicks, inside and outside kicks,

Outer lotus, inner lotus, double lotus, etc. Leg pulls include left leg pull, right leg pull, palm pull, single sideways leg pull, double push palm pull, double fist pull, push and grab leg, etc. Kick kicks include: double kick kicks, jumping kick kicks, etc.

Drum kit skills include clam jump, dwarf step, snake walk, potted flower, split, fine wool, spinning cotton wing, forward and back bump, big back bump, and rabbit chop

< p> Nest, lying tiger, jumping bug, Luo grinder, etc.

The actions and shapes that can be coordinated by 2 or more people include: magpie climbing, white crane spreading its wings, duck island water, swallow exploring the sea, crossing the mountain in front, crossing the mountain behind

, rabbit kicking the eagle, lazy wife binding her feet, facing a monkey picking peaches, black dog digging into the crotch, jumping hair (high and low hair), sitting on the shoulders (one and a half sections), standing on the shoulders (two sections of bars), knitting

Horse sweeps legs, chain sweeps legs, Chen Chuan sleeps, lazy wife sleeps, eagle sings chicken, boy worships Guanyin, double archway, mandarin duck bird, two and a half sections

(person sitting on the shoulder) , three-section pole (one person supports 2 people), pulling a camel, etc.

Huagudeng music is divided into two parts: singing and accompaniment. The singing includes flower drum songs and minor tunes from the backstage drama, and the singing forms include solo singing, duet singing, and chorus singing. Before liberation, artists sang casually according to their own voices. The pitch, the changes in melody and rhythm, and the "stupidity" of characters singing after each other

all cooperated with each other tacitly in long-term practice. In the process of coordination, be developed.

Traditional flower drum lanterns do not clearly distinguish between male and female singing styles. They can be divided into two types based on the characteristics of the melody and changes in rhythm.

Types:

( 1) Carrying drum tune (male singing tune). The melody is simple and the rhythm is lively. The melody is very harmoniously combined with the Fengtai dialect, and the verses are similar to chanting.

(2) Lahua Diao (female singing). The melody is beautiful and lyrical, slow and stretching, expressing emotions delicately, and the rhythm is relatively free.

More than 80% of the singing modes of Fengtai flower-drum songs belong to the "Gong" mode and "Hui" mode. This kind of flower-drum songs have free rhythm

It is bright and beautiful in melody. It mainly expresses the love between men and women and the production and life of the people. Only a few belong to the "horn" mode and

"feather" mode, which mainly express the character's sadness, grief and anger. Most of the popular flower drum songs only move in the next tone level of "gong, shang, jiao, wei,

yu'.

The structural form of traditional Fengtai flower drum songs is mostly It is composed of 5 phrases into a single section. The first three sentences are followed by a gong and drum interlude, and then the fourth and fifth sentences are sung to form a complete section. The last sentence summarizes the meaning of the entire section. To sum up the effect of emphasis, a few form a section with four phrases, and some break through the format of five or four sentences.

The melody of Fengtai Huagu Lantern. The rhythm is deeply influenced by local folk tunes. Through the rich development of generations of artists, more than 20 kinds of tunes have been formed. Most of them follow the pattern of the falling tone of the third phrase and the closing sentence repeating the falling tone of the second phrase. The melody The large jumps of 6th and 7th degrees often appear, which fully reflects the generous and bold character of Fengtai people. The soul of lantern singing and dancing directly affects the movements and emotions of singers and dancers

There is a popular saying that "when the gongs and drums sound, the soles of the feet will itch", which reflects the huge attraction of flower drums, lanterns, gongs and drums to artists. Power. Fengtai Huagu Lantern

Gongs and drums are divided into two types: "Xiachang Gongs and Drums" and "Qupai Gongs and Drums": "Xiachang Gongs and Drums" are played closely in conjunction with the dance, and the performance is guided by the big gong.

The start and end, transition and connection are clearly explained by the big gong to the subordinate instruments, and the subordinate instruments all change according to the rhythm of the big gong. Experienced gong and drum performers are very experienced. Familiar with the dancer's performance, the rhythm of the gongs and drums matches the dancer's dance posture, footwork and posture very well. Some experts of gongs and drums still dance while playing during the performance. The gongs or drums are thrown high to make the atmosphere of the lighting field more lively and lively. "Qupai Gongs and Drums" are also called "Fanzi Gongs and Drums". They are suitable for playing while marching and are often used to attract the audience. , or played during the Lion Lantern Gate Performance

In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), the flower drum lantern solo dance and the backstage drama began to be accompanied by string pipes, but the flower drum song was still used. Gong and drum accompaniment. After the liberation, the singing of Flower Drum Song was accompanied by ethnic string instruments and gongs and drums. With the background of string instruments, the singing of Flower Drum Song was even more beautiful.

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Performance form

Before liberation, flower drum lantern performances were held on rice paddies, open spaces on river beaches, and in temple courtyards, with spectators standing or sitting around the venue. One

circle.

There are several benches arranged side by side in the venue, with the gong and drum players standing behind them (called the Gong Gate). The wax flower enters on the back of a drum stand, sits on a bench, holds a fan in her arms and lowers her head in silence, and does not allow the man to approach, because he is now a "girl". The drum stands are either squatting or standing at either end of the bench.

There are no unified regulations on the performance procedures. Generally, the one holding the umbrella goes up first and "steps on the four gates" to express asking for advice from the experts and paying tribute to the audience. Then

"The mistress leads the way", that is, after the umbrella leader performs several movements with each wax flower, the wax flower returns to its original position. Immediately, the leader of the umbrella led the drum stand and wax flowers onto the stage respectively. This is called "the third year's introduction". After the players come on the stage, they start playing "Big Field" and running "formation". During this period, the timely arrangement of leading the umbrella

Some arias or counting boards were used to relax the rhythm and allow other actors to recover their physical strength. After that, the gongs and drums were played again, and the "formation" continued. "Big Field"

After the performance, the actors exited the stage under the command of the umbrella leader. Then the small drum set invites wax flowers to play with lanterns, and they sing "Please Louge" first. In essence, it is an impromptu antiphonal song between the two of them. The duet singers give full play to their talents based on their knowledge and experience. There are questions and answers, there are songs and harmony, we stick to the boat and go down the pole, and see the graceful willows. If you can't answer the question, the flower will not go down the "stairs". If the drum set fails, someone else can be invited to continue the antiphonal singing. Until the harmony is perfect, the wax flowers will "come downstairs with white paper fans floating in their arms." Then comes the pas de deux, called "Small Field". Each performance can play several "small venues". Each pair of artists cooperates with each other to give full play to their performances, and their performances are different. feed. After the performance, according to the audience's request, they may perform "Shangpangu", that is, go up to the third road, and collectively perform Xiang figures. Or perform

"Zhongpangu", that is, Zhongsanlu, performing single or multi-person performances such as table and bench. Or perform "Tianpan Drum", that is, the next three roads, the drum stand and wax flowers

Fall, turn, leap, jump on the ground, or dance movements that coordinate with each other. During this period, some songs were also flexibly arranged, such as "Missing the Man", "Farewell to the Man", "The Truth", "The Vernacular", "The Poor Man's Song", etc. The finale program is "Backstage". Because there are many programs, only one or a few are performed at a time. Finally,

one person sang the "Ending Song" and the performance ended.

After liberation, Huagudeng performances gradually changed from the square to the stage, from free combination performances to fixed program arrangements. The programs were also mainly

newly created, traditional Programs, impromptu singing and dancing gradually decreased.

Representative artist

Tian Zhenqi (1897-1964), whose stage name is "Tian Xiaoyinzi", was born in Yuanyuan Village, Shuanghu Township. He loved to imitate Huagudeng since he was a child. When he was a teenager, under the influence and guidance of old artists, his performing arts progressed rapidly. In order to play the female role "Lanhua" well, he would carefully observe and imitate women's expressions and movements whenever he had time. Over time, the image of women he played reached perfection. At the age of 25, he switched to playing "Drum Stand". Because he was familiar with the performance of "Lahua", he could cooperate with "Lahua" tacitly, which won the praise of players and the audience. When the Anti-Japanese War was victorious, he organized a group of flower drum lanterns to perform in the county town to celebrate. After liberation, although he was over fifty years old, he still devoted himself to the exploration of the art of flower drum lanterns. In 1953, as a member of the Anhui Huagu Lantern Team, he participated in the first folk music and dance performance in East China and the country, and won the first prize for individual performance.

Praised as a flower drum lantern performing artist by Zhou Yang, Minister of Culture. In 1958, he was admitted as a member of the Chinese Dancers Association, and was later included in the "Chinese Artists Dictionary". Tian Zhenqi is the founder of the Huagu Deng Fengtai School and enjoys a high reputation throughout the country. Died of illness in 1964.

Chen Xiaogong (1919-), nicknamed Jingzhi, stage name "Yixian", was born in Chenxiang Village, Wangji Township. He has been a fan of flower-gu lanterns since he was a child. He started learning to twist flower-gu lanterns when he was cutting grass and herding cattle in the fields when he was 12 years old. He started performing in a class at the age of 14. During the performance, he eagerly absorbed the artistic nutrition of the previous generations of artists, and his skills continued to improve. His figure is extremely flexible. When playing the role of a girl, he can perform a girly move or a butterfly flutter, all of which are both physical and spiritual. When dancing, the shoulders, waist, and legs can shake in waves.

The "trembling" action style he created is unique. His agile footwork, light movements, waist twisting, and "three-turn bends" in his body have the power of ecstasy. The crowd praised: "As soon as I walked a line, I fell down. When I looked back, I was half up." Chen Jingzhi is not only good at dancing, but also good at singing. His voice is simple and pure, and he loves to learn.

And absorbed folk songs from various places to form a unique Huagu singing tune, which is called "One Line Tune". After liberation, Chen Jingzhi was assigned to work in Fengtai County Cultural Center and became a professional art worker. In 1962, he participated in the Huagudeng dance research class organized by the Provincial Cultural Bureau, which further sublimated the Huagudeng singing and dancing art and formally formed his personal performance style. In 1964, he was received by Zhou Enlai and Chen Yi while performing in Shanghai. In 1978, his masterpieces "Spring Outing", "Grab the Bench" and his new creation "Struggle for the Spade" were well received in provincial, municipal and county performances, and were made into TV films. In 1982, his choreography "Wild Flower Ballad" won the Outstanding Creation Award and the Outstanding Performance Award at the Anhui Rural Amateur Performing Arts Festival. In 1983, he was invited to give lectures at Beijing Dance Academy. After 1984, he has been teaching in Fengtai Huagudeng Art School and Fengtai Tui Opera Troupe's art performance

Talent training class, and the students he trained have won many awards in various performance competitions at the national, provincial and municipal levels. . Chen Jingzhi is still committed to the flower drum lantern business in his late twenties.

Song Tingxiang (1905-1) was a native of Baitang Township, also known as Lai Blind Man. He is 13 years old and plays with lanterns. He has a good voice and is good at acting. He can improvise lyrics and sing casually. His words are popular and funny and make people laugh. He acted as the "umbrella leader" conducting the performance of "The Big Field", with reasonable scheduling, realistic and beautiful graphic changes, and just the right greeting (shout or whistle) when changing formations. He has collaborated with Chen Jingzhi for the longest time, and they have a tacit understanding in the performance of "Small Field", and the "Pushing Cart" is unique.

The car's movements uphill, downhill, across bridges, and in mud pits are all performed realistically, and Full of artistic exaggeration. He was the pioneer who developed the flower drum lantern singing and dancing into "xianzi lantern" and "four sentence faders".

Wan Fangqi (1912-1) was a native of Liuji Township, nicknamed "Wan Huozi". When playing the "little drum stand", he pays attention to the cooperation with the wax flowers. He is good at amusing and has rich facial expressions. His movements of "catching the empty space with five rings" and "catching the empty space with two legs" are dexterous and agile. He shrugs his shoulders, turns around with his head in his arms, The postures and footwork such as the duck step are interesting and have the characteristics of harlequin performance. The descendants include Zhang Ligen and others.

Liu Chuanchang (born in 1905), whose stage name is "Gai Sanjiang", has a clean and agile performance, has the ability to "slip", and is good at stepping on the "lining". The performance absorbed

the style characteristics of the Huaiyuan School. Regarding the famous orchids Liu Peide (alias: "Duan Gong"), Pan Jinde (stage name "Pan Jinlian"), Cui Zhanfu, Li Xiaoyou, and Li Jinzhu (stage name "Phnom Penh Little Oil Pot") of the same period In terms of artistic performance, etc., it has a certain impact.

Wu Peixuan (1917-1955), a native of Jiahe, had the stage name "The Angry Monkey". Pay attention to technical performance and do some good somersaults. He participated in the 1953 National Folk Music and Dance Performance and the filming of the film "Folk Song and Dance". With the same period of drum set Wang Kaoqian, Zhu Guanxiang, Zhan Leting, Wei Wu, etc., they absorbed each other's performance skills and became very famous.

Deng Hong (1944-), female, from Huaiyuan County, is one of the outstanding wax flowers cultivated in Fengtai County after liberation. She is smart and dexterous, has a good academic record, and has studied under many teachers. The flower drum lanterns are light and charming in movement and graceful in dance. From 1964 to 1985, he participated in many provincial and municipal performances.

The performance of "The Land of Flower Drums" won the Outstanding Performance Award, "Field Guard" won the third prize of performance, and "Little Flower Field" won the first prize of performance.

Zhang Tugen (1943) was born in Chengguan, Fengtai County. He studied under Wan Fangqi, Zhu Guanxiang and others. His movements are agile and powerful, lively and free, and he is good at turning all kinds of muscles. The performance is full of local characteristics and he is the successor of Fengtai style drum performance. "Little Flower Field" arranged and performed with Deng Hong is a masterpiece in the flower field and is deeply loved by the audience. His works include "Summer Camp", "Cowherder", etc.

Main programs

The traditional programs of Huagu Deng include "Big Field", "Small Field", "Playing Field", "Double Flower Field", "Robbing the Bench" and "Back Stage" "wait.

Big stage: group dance, the number of performers can range from 4 to 24 people, the number of male and female characters is equal, and the umbrella leader leads the dance to form various shapes.

The performance has both unified scheduling and individual expression. Accompanied by enthusiastic gongs, drums, and loud whistles, the dance scene is enthusiastic and unrestrained.

Small field: pas de deux, divided into civil and military dances. The martial arts arena is mainly about dance, with male and female characters cooperating with each other to express emotions, carve out characters and express love through dance movements with rich connotations. The main focus of the literary scene is singing, followed by dancing. Lyrics and dance may not necessarily be connected, and the preceding and following parts may not be coherent. Content

Most of them are love songs, with singing and dancing alternately. "Small Field" is a lyric poem created by Huagudeng artists and is the essence of Huagudeng singing and dancing.

Playground: Dancing solo, showing an innocent girl, playing to her heart's content in the spring light of red flowers and green willows, touching the scenery, full of beauty for the future

I still want to have good things. The "trembling, bumping and shaking" movements and the colorful fan flowers and handkerchief flowers make this solo dance unique.

Double Flower Field: 3-person dance, performed by 2 female characters and 3 male workers. The content draws on the plot of the opera "Two Women Fighting for Their Husbands" and the number of performances is varied

many. During the Republic of China, they were rare in Fengtai County.

Grab the bench: 3-person dance, showing three innocent and lively children, sitting on a bench, playing and having fun, the characters are vivid, and the scene is very

Happy.

Backstage: It is a general term for 2 or 3 people performing small plays with plots and characters’ lives. The more popular ones include "Black-Eyed Crazy", "Cousins ??and Cousins",

"The Bald Man in the House", "Hate the Little Bald", "Little Merchant", "Wang Xiaolou Selling Threads", "Spring Outing" ", "Collecting Cotton", "Four Masters Watching Flowers",

"Four Masters Sitting in a Single-pole Sedan", "Selling Dumpling Skins", "Ma Yatou's Husband's Family", etc.

After liberation, professional and amateur literary and artistic workers in the county created a number of innovative and distinctive

Huagudeng programs based on traditional programs, mainly including "Small Round House", "Collecting Cotton", "The Smell of Rice Flowers on the Everlasting River", "Fighting Floods and Securing a Good Harvest", "Sending Red Lights"

"New Wife Fighting for the Show", "New Songs of Cotton Sea", "Struggle for Shovel" , "Seed Gathering", "Field Head Music", "On the Road to Deliver Grain", "Field Guards", "Hometown of Flower Drums"

"Wild Flower Ballad", etc.

Selected Lyrics of Flower Drum Lantern

1: When the flower drums are against each other, those who play with lanterns are all naked monkeys. One yuan of silver is used to buy lamp grass. If there is no money to buy oil, the moon is used to play with lanterns.

Head.

2: Send the man to the Qingshui River, look at the clear water and stamp his feet three times. The threads of the red embroidered shoes are broken by the stamping, and the three feet of the white bound feet are broken by the stamping, and they are reluctant to kiss

Brother Lang.

3: There is a jujube tree at the door of the east house. It grows well in a curved shape. This year it will bloom and bear jujubes, and next year it will bloom and bear ingots. The big one is big, the small one is small, there are three rooms

The house cannot be installed.

4: When it comes to farmers, they are really pitiful. They go to farm under the stars and the moon, but they don’t look at the beautiful flowers and have no fun in the entertainment venues. Who should talk about the suffering of the people

?

5: Go on the field and play around, tell the compatriots to listen to the root cause: because our country has lost more than half of its land, and everyone does not fight on their own, can they be willing to lose a country

Loss of family and body? Compatriots, you are a man, why don't you fight the war with passion? We know that China has been civilized for more than 4,000 years, and its ancient culture is splendid. Now the Japanese invaders invade us and swallow up the Penghu Islands and Taiwan. The three northeastern provinces have been occupied by them, and they will continue to attack the Central Plains. The Japanese invaders use vicious methods of aggression - poisonous gas and germ warfare. Tanks, heavy machinery, continuous artillery and bombers, everything is easy to kill

burn and plunder. Wang Jingwei and Ni Sichong were used as traitors by others. These scoundrels were short-sighted and shameless in seeking glory for their country. China is in such a miserable state, how can it still have time to play with flower drum lanterns?

6: You keep talking about your gambling, but where has my family property gone? Two acres of paddy field were all lost, the little donkey and colt were secretly sold, the big table was carried to pay the account, the small bench was chopped up and used as firewood, and I slept on a reed mat in the cold winter without a quilt cover to support me...· , ·If you want to be a good person, you must first stop gambling. If you want to live a good life, you must be hardworking

.

7: I won’t talk about smoking unless I mention it. It annoys me when I mention it. You see, you are so skinny and insignificant, you are hunched over and your eyes are empty.

It’s hard for a painter to paint you like this. How can I marry a smoker like you?

8: Sun Yat-sen, a revolutionary, wanted to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. Overthrowing the Qing Dynasty and forcing Xuantong, people shaved their braids and horses had their manes shaved, in the hope that the revolution would succeed.

Occupied Hankou, captured Wuchang, demolished temples and built schools, and foreign students formed the Kuomintang. Zhang Zuolin died in the three eastern provinces, and a young marshal Zhang Xueliang was born. Seeing that the country has changed...

9: As soon as the gongs and drums hit the warehouse, Mao Zedong's The order was passed down, and the Huaihe River must be repaired. There will be no disasters along the banks of the Huaihe River, and farmers all over the world will have peace and tranquility.

10: My slave family is 19 this year. I want to stay but feel ugly. Worms eat sand pears and my heart gnaws (willing). Willows nod randomly when the wind blows, full of wishes

I want to wait for you.

11: The vibrator is blooming and the moon is green, and the call, my friend, are you listening: The task of the performance conference is well accomplished, and we are left to participate in the "May 1st" tour

. As the parade passed Tiananmen Square, I looked up and saw Commander-in-Chief Zhu De. Everyone raised their hands and cheered, shouting "Long live Chairman Mao" several times.

12: Sweat drips from the traffic, and the water rushes into the rice fields and turns into white waves. Working together to engage in production, everyone contributes to the harvest, and the cry of labor is heard everywhere.

13: The scenery on Phoenix Stage is great, and the Cotton Sea is a vast expanse of white. The cotton-picking girl was happy and left the village with a basket in her hand. The sisters carried the cotton to the field.

14: Fortunately, the river is always happy, and hybrid rice has settled every household. They mate mandarin ducks every year and raise Jiao'e from generation to generation. His fame spreads all over the world, he is really a unique person.

He is the best.

Oriental Ballet - Introduction to Flower Drum Lantern

The government attaches great importance to it. The Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Government proposed the cultural development strategy of developing "Southern Opera (Huangmei Opera) and Northern Dance (Huagudeng)". From the strategic perspective of practicing the "Three Represents", the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government highlighted the importance of carrying forward the excellent national culture of flower drum lanterns, and required work to be carried out from the following eight aspects:

1. Grasp the key points , focusing on cultivating living successors of Huagu Deng, maintaining and inheriting the original ecology of Huagu Deng, providing a sense of continuity with ancestors, and identifying several cultural spaces (places or times where cultural activities are concentrated) to allow Huagu Deng, a Chinese Han ethnic group Excellent dance art is passed down. Huagudeng art is an excellent national folk art in my country and has a high reputation nationally and even internationally. As an outstanding representative of Chinese Han nationality dance and a representative of the art of China's 900 million peasants, it has a unique position in the world of dance art and is an important figure in our country. It has cultural and artistic resources and is known as "Oriental Ballet".

1. Introduction to the art of flower drum lanterns

The history of "flower drum lanterns". It has a beautiful legend. According to legend, in ancient times, in the Tushan Kingdom on the bank of the Huaihe River, the descendants of Yu built the Temple of King Yu on Tushan Mountain in order to commemorate Dayu and Nvjiao. Every year on the 28th of the third lunar month, King Yu was visited. At the temple fair, gongs and drums were played, and dances were performed. It is said that flower drum lanterns were born from then on. But the real history of Huagu Lantern can be traced back to the Song Dynasty. According to Fengtai County Chronicles, "Huagu lanterns have a long history and were spread in Huaiyuan and Fengtai areas in the Huaihe River Basin during the Song Dynasty." In fact, since the Song Dynasty, using art forms that combine music, dance, and poetry to express simple life events and group emotions through plots and characters has become the main trend in the development of Han folk songs and dances, and is also the main aesthetics of Han folk song and dance art. feature. Huagudeng perfectly combines episodic double singing and dancing with emotional collective singing and dancing, creating a relatively complete and systematic folk singing and dancing art form. Its emergence should be in line with the development trend of Han folk singing and dancing in the Song Dynasty. It is more realistic to say that Huagu Lantern originated from the Song Dynasty.

After the development in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the popular area of ??Huagu Deng gradually expanded, and gradually formed a center with Huaiyuan, Bengbu, radiating to more than 20 cities and counties in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River.

Especially in 1932, people in the Huaihe River Basin celebrated the harvest after the disaster and staged flower drum lanterns. During this period, the performing arts of flower drum lanterns developed greatly, and the dance movements became richer, and programs such as "Pan Bench" appeared