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The development history of Chinese pop music

Guan Li; Zhang Hui;

"Music Life" magazine; Music Editor, Department of Popular Music, School of Music, Shenyang Normal University; Chief Professor;

The development of Chinese popular music so far

It has a history of more than 70 years. It was produced in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Now

the so-called "pop music" can be traced back to Shanghai in the 1930s.

At that time, as sound films replaced silent films, there was a huge demand for film inserts, which stimulated the creation of popular songs, and " Excellent works such as "Xizi Girl", "Autumn Waters

Yiren", "Shangri-La", etc. opened the door to modern pop songs. In a sense

the period from the 1930s to the 1940s

can be said to be the first peak of Chinese pop music

in the 1980s This is the second peak period.

In the period from the late 1940s to the late 1970s, in mainland China, due to well-known reasons,

popular songs in mainland China have always been slow to develop.

Okay, there was also a gap period during this period. It was not until the early 1980s that the real pop songs in mainland China developed rapidly

under the influence of the "Hong Kong and Typhoon".

Definition of the concept of Chinese pop music

(1) The concept of pop music

The concept of "pop music" is used in our country

It is quite commonly used, but for a long time there has not been a unified view

on its connotation and denotation.

For a long time, due to people's different cultural backgrounds and education methods

, there have been different understandings of popular music

view. However, some professional and authoritative

theoretical works such as "Encyclopedia of China") (Music

Music and Dance Volume) have limited coverage of popular music (Popular Music

乐) explained it this way: "Popular music generally refers to a kind of music that is easy to understand, relaxed and lively, easy to spread

and has a wide audience; it has

It is different from serious music, classical music and traditional folk music, also known as pop music. "Chuan's explanation is obviously serious. Music and folk music composition

Determined by reference and comparison.

Although the conceptual distinction between pop music obviously

requires further discussion and research, there is one thing that we can be sure of

and that is:

p>

Popular music has different forms of expression in different historical periods and in different

regions, so people's understanding of the concept of popular music depends on

p>

It is also inevitable that there will be great differences in the methods of summarizing it.

But no matter what kind of view or interpretation, there is a relatively basic recognition of "pop music", that is, what it

has Popular, popular and widely disseminated. In fact, like the words "serious", "elegant" and "classical", as a form of expression of music, pop music is not a science at all.

A scientific, precise title, but just a specific way of saying that people have inherited

. With the birth of new pop music forms, and with the creative practices of latecomers emerging from generation to generation, pop music has also New ingredients will be added constantly

to make it more colorful.

(2) In. The rough concept of promoting music

Modern Chinese pop music is different from Chinese traditional music

It is also different from Chinese traditional music. New

(Professional) Music.

Chinese traditional music is relative to

Chinese new music (professional music) that appeared in modern times and was influenced by Western music.

Refers to opera music, rap music, ethnic

instrumental music, folk songs and ethnic song and dance music.

China's new (professional) music mainly includes two categories:

One is new national professional music, that is, professional composers use Western notation A type of music form that composes music with

methods and techniques, and absorbs the essence of folk music to create and perform

it; the other type is Western tradition Music is a type of music form that is created and performed completely in accordance with Western modern music composition, singing and performance methods

. Chinese pop music is quite different from these forms of music

in terms of performance

singing techniques, subject matter and content, and instrumental methods

Chinese pop music is very different from traditional national music

and Western classical music

It can be said that serious music and folk music

Music as a reference is a method to determine the concept of Chinese popular music

.

However, in a broader sense,

the concept of Chinese pop music is not just

presented through its "ontology" , and

and it is also clearly reflected in a series of commercial operations such as commercial production

distribution, sales, and performing arts brokerage and management

In this way, modern Chinese pop music, as

a cultural business that integrates art and industry

can no longer rely solely on music. Defined by this single concept

.

In fact, looking back at the history of music in China during the entire 20th century

, the true essence of popular music

can be traced back to the 20th century

p>

In the 1930s, during the "urban culture

of some big cities. Because Chinese popular music had some relatively complex characteristics when it appeared, such as the integration of Eastern and Western cultures. Differences, the role of Chinese tradition and folk culture

in the process of integrating people, as well as some special social factors in China

modern history, etc.

etc. Therefore, the current common understanding of the concept of Chinese pop music is: Chinese pop music is an important part of modern Chinese society, politics and economy. Produced under the simultaneous action of culture, culture and many other factors, her emergence and development have more Eastern and Western sounds than other countries

pop music

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The characteristics of the integration of music culture.

2. The historical evolution of Chinese popular music

(1) Part 2. The first stage of the development of popular music (1917-1.36) 1. School Lege - the prototype of early pop music

Modern pop music in China first started

from the late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China. The fall of the Qing Dynasty,

the founding of the Republic of China and the old democratic revolution caused

profound social changes. During this period,

Western capitalist culture gradually spread eastward, and formed a situation of both conflict and

combination with

Chinese traditional culture. At that time, there was a phenomenon of directly borrowing the tunes and lyrics of foreign songs as military songs and school songs, such as: "Chinese Man" (Shi

Geng Lyrics), "Han Historical Song" (Lyrics by Wang Yincai), etc. This can be said to be the beginning of Western music elements

being used by me. From then on, Xuetang

Lege became the prototype of early Chinese popular music

. "School music refers to the songs in schools back then. In early schools, students' music classes were also called 'music' classes. Xuetang music

It can be said that school music is the predecessor of popular music. ”121 In the development process of Xuetang Lege, a large number of song creators, such as Xiao Youmei and Huang Zi, especially Li Shutong and Shen Xingong, and others made a huge contribution to the development of Xuetang music. Therefore, it can also be said that the creation of popular songs in China's early days also started from Uncle Li. p>Tong, Shen Xingong and others

During this period, Western music culture was introduced to me through

musicians who studied in the West.

In China, the promotion and popularization of music education as a part of the "May 4th" New Culture Movement

has influenced the people. At the same time, large and medium-sized cities have been the focus.

Heart, a new type of urban culture is gradually taking shape.

These provide conditions for the development of modern Chinese songs.

It is worth noting. , in the nascent period of modern popular music, two obvious characteristics have appeared: on the one hand, a large number of them were adopted or borrowed from Western song creation models even have many completely "Westernized" works. On the other hand, the basis of Chinese traditional music, especially folk music,

p>Quality is also revealed in creation

This situation generally determines the direction of future song creation

2. Chinese pop music. Its founder—Li Jinhui

Li Jinhui was born in Xiangtan, Hunan. In his youth

he was obsessed with the new music movement and advocated new music

and new literature. Sports progress hand in hand. Based on this understanding, he created a large number of children's operas, songs and dances. Later, Li Jinhui became a person again.

Pop music creation. "Drizzle" and "Sister

I Love You" are his early pop music works

marking the birth of Chinese pop songs. < /p>

After 1949, he worked as a composer at Shanghai Art Film Studio

Li Jinhui laid the foundation for his pop music creation

The basic style of Chinese pop music is a combination of folk melody and Western dance rhythm. At that time, it mainly included tango, foxtrot and other orchestrations. p>Imitate the style of American jazz. The above works include "Mao", "Peach Blossom Red", "Special Express", etc.

The style is not high, and some are quite vulgar. It catered to the vulgar tastes of ordinary people, and was widely criticized at the time. Nie Er once wrote an article criticizing these works. It can be said that China. Pop music did not take a healthy path when it first started. In addition to its mediocre content, its music style was shoddy and its singing was shoddy. The coquettishness and wheezing

all had a bad impact on the subsequent development

. However, his successful experience in dealing with the relationship between foreign forms and national traditions in popular music is worthy of reference by future generations.

3. Social reasons for the formation of Chinese pop music in Shanghai

Chinese pop music was formed in Shanghai in the late 1920s

And it has developed rapidly. This is a profound social problem.

The social,

economic, political, and cultural reasons hidden behind it are extremely complex and

profound. However, through

observation of specific historical events, we found that the reason why Chinese pop music was able to form and begin to take shape in Shanghai should

have There are several main reasons: First, changes in the cultural life of urban citizens led to the resurgence of the "Yangbutterfly School" literature in the late Qing Dynasty, and some catered to

p>Conventional songs and dances also arise in response to the times.

At that time

Shanghai’s various singing and dancing entertainment venues,

including bars, cafes, dance halls, etc., became

these "era ditties" "The main place of residence, and

the production of these "era ditties" also helped to relieve

the inner anxiety and frustration of the small citizens at that time

Such psychology has become a refuge for some people to transfer their mental anguish

; secondly, "the influence of Western pop music trends and the development of communication media have undoubtedly greatly increased

Speed ??up the development and spread of Chinese pop music." Tiandu

With the continuous expansion of the city, my country's national capitalist

volunteer industry and commerce have also developed. This socio-economic structure

is the budding and popular song Growth provides

certain material foundation and objective conditions. It was at this stage that due to the use of microphones, the advancement of electroacoustic

technology, the large-scale release of records, the prosperity of the film industry, and radio Factors such as the gradual popularity of pop music have made pop music, a music form that is easily accepted by the public, become widely active in Shanghai, China. . Mouth(To be continued)