Linxia is known as "the hometown of flowers in China". On October 19th, 24, China Folk Writers Association awarded Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture the title of "the hometown of flowers in China".
Hua 'er is a unique folk song popular in Linxia, Gannan, Minxian and other places in Gansu Province. It has the characteristics of high-pitched, bright, straight and lively, exciting and beautiful. "Flower" originated from the love songs of ethnic minorities in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai. As early as the Qing Qianlong era, it was famous. Zhen Wu, a poet in Lintao, Qing Dynasty, once praised "flowers are more prosperous than flowers, and women are also romantic". Because of the different popular areas, "Hua 'er" is divided into two schools, Linxia "Hua 'er" and Taomin "Hua 'er", and the two schools are divided into many branches according to their different structures, styles and singing methods.
flowers in Linxia. Mainly spread in Hezhou, Gansu (now Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu). It is the one with the widest spread, the greatest influence and the largest number of audio-visual publications among the two major factions of Hua 'er, and it is very popular among the masses of eight ethnic groups, including Han, Hui, Dongxiang, Tu, Salar, Bao 'an, Tibetan and Yugu.
In Gansu, no matter the herdsmen on the grassland, the women in the fields, the rafters in the river or the foot-footed brothers walking on the road, they will be full of flowers. Like Taomin Flower singers, a grand folk flower singer song competition conference is held spontaneously every year before the summer and autumn harvest, and the time is long and short. For example, the Flower Festival in Lianhuashan, Gansu Province is famous. Not only local singers participate, but also flower singers from neighboring provinces and counties beat and sing songs.
Linxia flowers are characterized by rich tunes, lyrical expression, beautiful words, simplicity, vividness and rigorous structure. Lines are divided into four sentences and six sentences. Singing is also relatively free, and mainly solo, but also duet and chorus. Its tunes are melodious, high-pitched and unrestrained. Among them, there are as many as 1 kinds of music scores (called "Linger" by the people), and there are more than 4 kinds widely circulated. For example, Hezhou Order, Gama Order, Foot Order, Big Eye Order, Cang Kuang Order, sister Order, Salar Order and Security Order are well-known in the circulating areas.
Taomin Flower is the general name of "Lotus Mountain Flower" and "Minxian Flower".
it is one of the two major schools of flowers in northwest China (the other is Hehuang flowers), and it is mainly sung by the Han people. Widely popular in Kangle and Hezheng counties of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture in Gansu Province; Lintao and Weiyuan counties in Dingxi area; Minxian (Minzhou), Wudu, Dangchang and Wenxian in Wudu area; Lintan (Taozhou), Zhuoni and Zhouqu counties in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.
According to the tone, lyrics and singing style, Taomin flowers are divided into "south flowers" and "north flowers". Among them, "South Road Flower" is centered on Erlang Mountain Flower Club in Min County, and "North Road Flower" is centered on Lianhua Mountain Flower Club in Kangle County.
Taomin flowers are called "cursive essays" by local people, which are divided into "notebook flowers" and "scattered flowers". The so-called "Book Flowers" refers to complete sets of singing, including historical stories and folklore, such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, Legend of the White Snake, Water Margin and Zhu Yingtai, etc. "Scattering flowers" are mostly short songs created by the singer on the spur of the moment. The words and lines of the lyrics are free and generally rhyme. Some rhyme in the end, called "single set"; Any song with two or three rhymes in it is called "double set"
Taomin flowers are divided into opening song, question and answer song, duet song, life song, short song and long narrative song according to their singing forms.
(1) Hezhou Flower
Hezhou Flower is represented by Songmingyan Flower. Hezhou Huaer, also known as "juvenile", is one of the best folk arts in China with its rich tunes and vast lyrics. The structure is neat and strange, and each song is generally four sentences. The first two sentences are figurative, the last two sentences are romantic, and the first two paragraphs have the same word group. The elders cross one sentence, and the short one is seven words. The language, meter, rhyme and syllable of lyrics are strict. Rhyme is the soul of Hezhou flowers, and the stress of logic and emotion is very prominent. The "long order" of Hezhou Huaer is long, slow, colorful, and has the characteristics of sonorous and vast; The "short order" is short, lively and vigorous. There are many variations in melodies, such as "Han Dundun", "Golden Blossom" and "Bai Mudan". There are hundreds of ballads circulating in Hezhou Flower, among which the representative ones are Hezhou Grand Order, Hezhou Three Orders, Shuihonghua Order, Bai Mudan Order, Gama Order, Big Eyes Order and Security Order. Wang Shaoming, Han Yingxian and Ma Yonghua have been to Beijing to participate in national singing.
(2) Lotus Hill Flower
Lotus Hill Flower is named after the Lotus Hill where Kangle County intersects with Gannan Prefecture, and belongs to Taomin Huaer North Road School, which is popular in Kangle, Zhenghe and Guanghe counties in Linxia Prefecture, Lintan and zhuoni in Gannan Prefecture, Lintao and Weiyuan in Dingxi Prefecture. The basic meter is three sentences each, the first sentence is exciting, and the second and third sentences are narrative. Seven words per sentence. The singing content can be divided into "whole flowers" and "scattered flowers". The whole flower is the "flower" that tells the whole story or the whole content. Such as The Three Kingdoms, The Journey to the West, Yang Jiajiang, Peony in December, Jiujiu Festival, and the description of the scenery of Lianhua Mountain. The whole flower has fixed lyrics, which are all passed down orally by singers from generation to generation. "Scattered flowers" are created by improvisation. There are no fixed lyrics of this kind, and they are all composed and sung by singers on the spot. There is only one tune for flowers in Lianhua Mountain, that is, Lotus Mountain Order. Because of the singer's creation, singing is varied and eclectic. Flower singing in Lianhua Mountain is often grouped by male and female singers. Male singers sing with a "fake voice", which sounds natural and harmonious and can't tell men from women. Singer Ding Rulan and others went to Beijing to participate in national singing. The representative flowers in Lianhua Mountain are "Lotus Mountain Order 1" and "Lotus Mountain Order 2".