1. Basic knowledge of professional performance audio equipment
A necessary manual for grassroots professional audio technicians. There are currently about 200,000 people engaged in grassroots audio work in China, distributed in different jobs. (Conference rooms, multi-functional entertainment halls of enterprises and institutions, cultural service centers at all levels, small theater troupes, community activity centers, etc.).
With the improvement of people's artistic appreciation level, grassroots performance activities have increasingly higher requirements for sound. Since most of the professional audio technicians at the grassroots level are "monk-goers halfway through" without systematic study, and the audio equipment purchased by grassroots units is limited, various problems arise during the performance.
In a grassroots performance, sound technicians are responsible for the leadership's trust, affirmation of their own work ability and attitude, and other multi-layered meanings. This article aims at the problems that sound technicians often encounter in grassroots performances. Here, we describe the work process in a concise way, hoping to be of some help to grassroots professional sound workers.
"Outdoor Performance" 1. Receive the performance task 1. Ask the relevant person in charge about the purpose of the performance, the type of program, and whether there is a rehearsal; 2. Check the equipment, wires and accessories (whether they can be used normally); 3. Purchase related items (such as batteries for wireless microphones, number stickers, etc.). 2. On-site installation 1. Determine the power supply, be careful to avoid direct connection with the lighting power supply; 2. Place the main console: Try to place it on one side in front of the stage, and the clear amplified signal range can be heard. The location should be appropriate; 3. The layout of the speakers should be designed according to the specific space of the audience area (can be centralized or decentralized); 4. For line distribution, be careful not to run the weak current signal lines together with the strong current signal lines.
3. Sound system test 1. After making sure that the cables of each device are connected correctly, check whether the push rods and knobs of each device are in the correct position. Then turn on the power and visually check whether the power supply of each device is fully charged; 2. Turn off the volume output potentiometer of the power amplifier and play a familiar music signal (slightly adjust it in the parametric equalization of the mixer). Set the total output (monitor output) of the mixer to the cone Push it to 0db, push the signal channel cone to 0db, and adjust the gain so that the mixer output level indicator is at 0db (the best signal output state).
Check whether the signal indicators of the mixer, peripherals, and power amplifiers are displaying normally; 3. Slowly turn on the volume potentiometer of the power amplifier (repeat for each power amplifier), and check whether the corresponding speakers are amplifying normally. (Check whether each unit is normal at the same time); 4. Pull down the volume cone of the mixer's total output (monitor output), open the volume potentiometers of all power amplifiers to the maximum, and then adjust the mixer's total output volume cone to the monitor volume. Slowly push the vertebra to 0db, check whether the amplification is balanced (whether the phase is normal) in the center of the audience area (and stage), and judge whether the sound pressure of the music signal is sufficient in each position of the audience area (and stage); 4. Sound source part Test 1. The first accompaniment music channel test: adjust the parameter equalization of the music signal channel of the mixer, listen to the secondary sound signal, and determine the high, medium and low levels of its sound range. 2. The first vocal microphone channel test: adjust the parameter balance of the mixer music signal channel, check the microphone pickup sensitivity, observe the mixer signal indicator light, when the signal reaches a certain sound pressure, add the reverberation effect and The accompaniment music uses singing or voice for preliminary debugging to determine the approximate ratio of vocals, music, and effects.
5. Adjustment of audio processing equipment 1. Adjustment of equalizer: (The most critical adjustment link of the entire sound system is here) The equalizer has two important functions to compensate for the poor frequency response caused by sound field defects. Balance, one is to adjust the timbre, and the other is to suppress the howling sound caused by acoustic feedback. The equalizer in outdoor places should be adjusted to ensure that the tone does not produce howling.
The method is as follows: adjust the main loudspeaker and monitor system to the normal volume position (sound pressure required during performance), adjust all equalizer frequency points to 0db, and control the microphone channel fader at any time ( So that when the howling sound occurs, pull it down to attenuate the frequency). ①. Hold a microphone and keep walking around the stage, looking for the howling frequency points one by one.
② Place the microphone at a certain position on the stage (simulating the position the actor will reach when performing). Aim at the main speakers (monitor speakers), slowly turn up the microphone volume, and look for the howling point.
Write down the found howling frequency point, and when the howling no longer occurs after attenuating to the normal volume, start the second timbre compensation of the vocal and music signals. (After the equalizer is adjusted, the timbre will change significantly. At this time, careful and patient secondary adjustments must be made according to the needs of the performance and the listening experience, in conjunction with the parametric equalization of the mixer and other peripheral equipment. Until you are satisfied.
2. Adjustment of the compressor: It has two important functions: one is to reduce the dynamic range of the program source and prevent signal overload and distortion, which has a negative impact on the power amplifier and speaker unit. Protective effect. The second is to increase the loudness of the program (the auditory characteristics can be clearly felt).
In outdoor small and medium-sized performances, it is recommended to adjust the noise gate between open and -20 db, and the compression gate. The limiter level is set between -10db and 0db, the compression ratio is set to 2:1, the action time is set to 10ms, and the release time is set to 0.3s (specific adjustments should be determined according to the needs of the on-site system and performance.)
3. Adjustment of the effect device: Adjust various independent and mixed effect programs to match the human voice, conduct auditions one by one, record the programs that can be used in performances, determine their signal input and output, and select 1 ~3 suitable effects can be called up from the machine at any time during the performance according to the needs of the scene. 6. Overall system sound amplification test. After the equipment is adjusted, conduct an overall sound quality check. 1. The requirements of the music signal should be It should be strong and full, the treble should not be harsh, and the bass should not be muddy.
2. The vocal signal (with added effects) should be round, plump and layered, with a sense of presence and presence. Different people will produce different changes in sound quality. At this time, appropriate promotion and attenuation should be carried out in the parametric equalization on the mixer.
7. Walking on stage before the performance (rehearsal) 1. 2. Collect music accompaniment tapes, arrange and classify them (most of the grassroots performances are amateur performances, the programs are self-directed and performed, and there are many types of accompaniment tapes, so they must be arranged and classified before the performance: the corresponding program sheets are numbered with stickers, and the collection will be collected. The accompaniment tapes received are registered on the program list and classified, such as tapes are represented by T, VCD discs are represented by V, etc.) 2. Determine the male and female host microphones and singer singing microphones
2. Stage audio equipment. What is included
Professional stage audio equipment includes: monitor mixer; amplifier mixer; portable mixer; dynamic microphone; condenser microphone; wireless microphone; speaker; monitor speaker; amplifier speaker; ultra-low Speakers; equalizers; reverberators; effects; delays; compressors; limiters; crossovers; noise gates; laser record players; recording decks; DVD players; projectors; pitch changers; karaoke machines; headphones and many other equipment.
The sound engineer is the professional responsible for all the sound equipment on the performance stage. First, he needs to concentrate all the sound sources on the mixing console, and then divide them into various sub-channels, group them, and adjust them. , and then send the total output audio to the power amplifier and speakers through the total audio balance to make it adapt to the acoustic characteristics of the venue.
The mixer needs to know the musical characteristics and characteristics of each link. The volume of each song can be controlled and balanced based on the frequencies that are easiest to feedback and the loudspeaker point of the venue. In addition, you also need to be able to use effects to improve the ones you don’t use.
3. What does stage audio equipment include?
A complete set of professional stage audio equipment includes:
1. Mixer: monitoring mixer, power amplifier Mixer, portable mixer.
2. Power amplifier (i.e. power amplifier).
3. Microphone: dynamic microphone, condenser microphone, wireless microphone.
4. Speakers: main speakers, monitor speakers, amplifier speakers, and subwoofers.
5. Peripheral equipment: equalizer, reverberation, effects, delay, compressor, limiter, crossover, noise gate.
6. Auxiliary equipment: laser record player, recording deck, DVD player, projector, pitch changer, karaoke machine, headphones and many other equipment.
In addition to the above equipment, professional sound engineers are also needed at stage performances. The sound engineer is the professional responsible for all the sound equipment on the performance stage. First, all the sound sources need to be concentrated on the mixing console, and then they are divided into various sub-channels, grouped, and adjusted. Then the output audio of the main channel is sent to the power amplifier and speakers through the total audio equalization to produce sound, so that it can match the venue's environment. Suitable for acoustic characteristics.
4. Technical knowledge: What should be paid attention to when debugging stage audio?
1. The audio equipment professionally used for stage performances is collectively called stage audio, and stage audio is an important branch of performance equipment. .
2. Professional stage audio equipment includes: monitor mixer; amplifier mixer; portable mixer; power amplifier; dynamic microphone; condenser microphone; wireless microphone; speaker; monitor speaker; amplifier speaker ; Subwoofer; equalizer; reverb; effect; delay; compressor; limiter; crossover; noise gate; laser record player; recording deck; DVD player; projector; pitch changer; song request devices; headphones and many other devices.
3. The debugging work of audio engineering needs to be treated with a serious and responsible attitude. Only by ensuring a full understanding of the design, construction, system structure and equipment performance can a better debugging result be obtained.
4. Before debugging, you must carefully understand the system structure and equipment performance. For new and special equipment, you must carefully study its principles, performance and operating methods before installing and debugging. Comprehensively understand the situation of the system and equipment, formulate debugging plans, and estimate possible situations that may occur during debugging.
5. Before debugging, conduct a comprehensive inspection of the system and equipment settings, and keep records of the settings of each equipment.
6. When debugging, corresponding debugging methods should be adopted according to the characteristics of the system. Because the system index requirements of audio and lighting projects are different, and the equipment is also different, if the debugging is carried out according to the general engineering debugging methods, the results will definitely not be ideal.
5. What does stage audio equipment include?
Stage audio equipment includes a lot of equipment. Common ones include monitor mixers and power amplifiers, and there are also certain power amplifiers inside. , also includes various types of microphone equipment, which can realize the function of requesting songs during operation.
Stage audio equipment is generally operated by professional mixers. All sound sources can be concentrated at the mixer position, and then quickly divided and adjusted to meet better requirements. In terms of sound effects, the tuner must understand the requirements of each musical link when operating stage sound equipment, so as to achieve a better sound effect. The volume of different pieces of music needs to be controlled, and the volume of different music should also be controlled. Add some special sound effects devices to realize the configuration of human voices and musical instrument sounds, and control the functions of the equipment to ensure that the sound quality will not be distorted on the stage. The composition of stage audio equipment is actually very complex. There are certain differences in accessories depending on the area of ??the stage. Generally, it is necessary to understand the volume requirements in advance during layout, so as to ensure that the constructed stage audio equipment meets the basic requirements. usage requirements.
Stage audio equipment takes a long time to work in large-scale activities. When using it, you should try to avoid impacts and subtle vibrations. Compared with other audio products, stage audio equipment It is said that the amplifier should be used more frequently, and the structure has also been carefully set to meet the reliability of long-term use. The amplifier is the main component of stage audio equipment, accounting for about 30% or more. Reasonable operation can improve the performance and ensure the quality of the amplifier.
6. Basic knowledge of stage lighting and sound
I think that for sound, it will basically affect every household now, but there will be good and bad respectively, so how much do you know about sound effects equipment! So how much do you know about stage lighting and sound? So today I will give you a brief introduction to the basic knowledge about audio and stage lighting, hoping to attract your attention.
1. When we watch the stage, we must pay attention to the colorful objects on the stage that show a lot of light, because it can first arouse our visual perception. These lights that arouse our visual perception should be our lives. Visible light is often mentioned in the media. They are seven kinds of monochromatic light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. However, according to a large number of experiments, it has been proved that we humans are also sensitive to yellow and green light. Therefore, we must pay attention to the deployment of light in the layout of stage lighting. , when arranging the tubes, we must also pay attention to the brightness and angle of the light, so that it will not make people feel dazzling, but also give people a beautiful enjoyment with the ups and downs of the music, so stage lighting is the visual Rhythmic impact beauty.
And everyone should know that different colors have different psychological effects on people. Therefore, when most of us listen to songs, if the songs are melancholy and low-key, we will feel the colors emitted by the lights on the stage. It is relatively cold. If the singing voice is relatively high-pitched, then we will feel particularly excited, so its effect is relatively hot.
2. Regarding the types and characteristics of stage lighting, generally speaking, we all use incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, neon lights, laser lights and other lamps on the stage. Some of these lamps are manually controlled, and some are mechanically controlled. , some are controlled by sound, and some are controlled by computers, and some are controlled by programs, so they will give people different effects, and the use of spotlights will make the local lighting effect better and highly directional. Targeted, if there is a more eye-catching moment on the stage screen, we usually use spotlights. If we want to spread the focus of the stage, we will use backlights and floodlights, as well as the highest lights we often see. of these with computers. We also need to control these lamps according to the form of the stage, so that the music can achieve a better effect.
3. Regarding the speakers on the stage, since the speakers are a device that receives electrical signals and restores them into sound preferences, we will have a big difference in the selection of speakers. The following types include anti-magnetic speakers. , full-band speakers, flat-panel speakers, USB speakers, these types will have different effects. When matching the speakers on the stage, you must pay attention to the characteristics of the various speakers when placing them, so that the sound effect will be optimal. The number of placements should be moderate, because loudness control is more important. If our 500 shots per hour are too many, it exceeds the range of intensity that people can adapt to, and it will make people feel uncomfortable. As long as the music on the stage cannot reach the maximum level, Best results. I will introduce the basic knowledge about stage lighting and sound here. If we are going to hold a concert on campus or in other public places, everyone must master these basic common sense, otherwise The concerts of 15 stations will not achieve the best effect, and some will have contrasting phenomena. I hope it can help everyone.
Done Discard.
7. What is included in a set of professional stage audio equipment?
Currently, there are many types of stage audio equipment on the market with different functions, which makes the selection of audio equipment difficult. In fact, under normal circumstances, professional stage audio equipment consists of microphone + mixer + power amplifier + speakers. In addition to a microphone, the sound source sometimes requires a DVD, a computer to play music, etc., or you can just use a computer. But if you want professional stage sound effects, in addition to professional stage construction staff, you also need to add sound equipment such as effectors, sequencers, equalizers, and voltage limiters.
Yihe Audio Company will introduce to you the main types of professional stage audio equipment:
1. Mixer: It has multiple channel inputs, and the sound of each channel can be A sound mixing device that performs separate processing and has outputs for left and right channels, mixing, monitoring, etc. It is an important equipment for sound engineers, recording engineers and composers to create music and sound.
2. Power amplifier: A device that converts audio voltage signals into rated power signals to drive speakers to produce sound. The matching conditions for power amplifier power are that the output impedance of the power amplifier is equal to the load impedance of the speaker, and that the output power of the power amplifier matches the nominal power of the speaker.
3. Reverberator: In song and dance hall sound systems and large stage lighting concert venues, a very important part is the reverberation processing of human voices. After human singing is reverberated, it can produce an electronic sound aesthetic, giving the singing a unique charm. It can cover up some defects in the voices of some amateur singers, such as hoarseness, larynx and high-pitched vocal cord noise through reverberation processing, making the sound less unpleasant. In addition, reverberation can also make up for the lack of overtones in the timbre structure of amateur singers who have not received special vocal training. This is very important for the effect of stage lighting concerts.
4. Frequency divider: The circuit or device that realizes frequency division is called a frequency divider. There are many types of frequency dividers. According to the different waveforms of the frequency division signals, there are two types: sinusoidal frequency division and pulse frequency division.
Its basic function is to divide the full-band audio signal into different frequency bands according to the requirements of the combined speaker, so that the speaker unit can obtain the excitation signal of the appropriate frequency band and work in the best state.
5. Pitch changer: Since people have different voice conditions, their requirements for the pitch of the accompaniment music when singing are also inconsistent. Some people want it to be lower, while others need it to be higher. In this way, it is required that the tone of the accompaniment music should adapt to the singer's requirements, otherwise the singing voice and the accompaniment will feel very disharmonious. If you use an accompaniment tape, you will need to use a pitch translator for transposition processing.
6. Compressor: It is the collective name for the combination of compressor and limiter. Its main function is to protect the amplifier and speakers (speakers) and create special sound effects.
7. Effector: Provides sound field effects, including reverberation, delay, echo and audio equipment for special processing of sound.
8. Equalizer: It is a device that boosts and attenuates different frequencies, and adjusts the ratio of bass, midrange, and treble.
9. Speakers and speakers: Speakers are devices that convert electrical signals into acoustic signals. According to the principle, there are electric type, electromagnetic type, piezoelectric ceramic type, electrostatic type and pneumatic type.
The speaker box, also known as the speaker box, is a device that installs the speaker unit into the box. It is not a sound-producing component, but a sound-assisted component that displays and enriches the bass. Generally speaking, they can be divided into three types: closed speakers, inverted speakers, and labyrinth speakers. Speaker equipment is very sensitive to the location factors given to it when the stage is set up.
10. Microphone: A microphone is an electroacoustic transducer device that converts sound into electrical signals. It is the most diverse unit in the sound system. According to its directivity, it can be divided into non-directional (circular), directional (cardioid, supercardioid) and strong directivity. Non-directional is specially used for bands. Used for picking up sound; directivity is used for picking up sounds from voice, singing and other sound sources; strong directivity is specifically designed to pick up sound sources in a certain direction and exclude the sounds on the left, right and back from the pickup space of the microphone. Specifically utilizing the principle of mutual interference of sound waves, a slender tubular microphone made of an acoustic wave interference tube is called a microphone and is used in art stages and news interviews. According to the structure and application scope, there are dynamic microphones, aluminum Band microphone, condenser microphone, pressure zone microphone-PZM, electret microphone, MS-style stereo microphone, reverberation microphone, pitch-shifting microphone, etc. If you have such needs, you can come to Shenzhen Yihe.
8. What are the precautions for professional stage audio debugging?
The audio equipment professionally used for stage performances is collectively called stage audio, and stage audio is an important branch of performance equipment.
Professional stage audio equipment includes: monitor mixers; power amplifier mixers; portable mixers; power amplifiers; dynamic microphones; condenser microphones; wireless microphones; speakers; monitor speakers; power amplifier speakers; super Bass box; equalizer; reverberation; effects; delay; compressor; limiter; crossover; noise gate; laser record player; recording deck; DVD player; projector; pitch changer; karaoke machine; Headphones and many other devices. When holding celebrations, the quality of the sound effects often determines the success or failure of the event. So what should we pay attention to when debugging stage sound? Now Xinxin Celebration Company will share with you the following precautions.
Xinxin Celebration Company believes that the debugging work of audio engineering needs to be treated with a serious and responsible attitude. Only by ensuring a full understanding of the design, construction, system structure and equipment performance can a better solution be obtained. Debugging results, in view of the problems that often occur in general debugging work, here we introduce to you several technical aspects that should be paid attention to during debugging for your reference. ① Before debugging, we must carefully understand the system structure and equipment performance, because only by fully grasping the system and equipment conditions can we formulate a feasible debugging plan based on the actual situation, and can we estimate what may happen during debugging, otherwise , If you don’t understand the system and equipment conditions and are not familiar with blind debugging, the results will definitely not be ideal.
Especially for some new and special equipment that we rarely use in general projects, we must carefully study its principles, performance and operating methods before installation and debugging. ②Be sure to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the system and equipment settings before debugging.
Because the installation and stand-alone inspection process and the focus of system debugging are different after all, the settings of the equipment are often arbitrary. Some important setting buttons may be completely different from the actual requirements before debugging. , so a comprehensive inspection is necessary, and it is best to keep records of the settings of each device. ③When debugging, corresponding debugging methods should be adopted according to the characteristics of the system.
Because the system index requirements of audio and lighting projects may be different, and the equipment involved may also be different. If you blindly follow the general engineering debugging methods, the results will definitely not be ideal.