blues music focuses on performance, and the singer's "soul" can communicate with music, that is, the ability to improvise. The use of major and minor chords, the scales dropped by three or seven, and the guitar's string pushing skills have a far-reaching influence on almost all contemporary pop music styles.
Up to the present age, the basic musical elements of blues music have not changed much, but the bitterness in them has been greatly reduced, because many white people have become masters of blues music! Yue Se Lynn Brown and Robert Cray are both influential blues musicians at present, and they even participated in the music production of many European and American pop stars.
Origin and meaning of jazz:
Jazz was formed in the late 19th century and early 2th century. The recognized birthplace is New Orleans, a subtropical city in southern Louisiana.
Among many popular music, jazz is the earliest one and has a wide influence in the world. Jazz is actually American folk music. European church music, American black violin and banjo traditional music combined with African singing and American black labor horn formed the original "folk blues", while "ragtime" and "folk blues" formed the early jazz.
from the 17th and 18th centuries, western colonialists sold a large number of African blacks to America and became slaves of white people there. They were forced to work and suffered greatly. In the field, after work, slaves miss their hometown and relatives, and often sing a sad song to express their painful feelings. This kind of music also permeates some religious songs. Because blue is regarded as a melancholy color among the American people, this sad song is also collectively called Blues. China transliterated it as "Bruce". We often find songs with Blues in American music works, such as rhapsody in blue, Blue Tango and Blue Love.
Another origin of jazz comes from a kind of piano music called ragtime. "Ragtime" is a transliteration of the word ragtime. The word means "uneven beat". Therefore, it is also called "Sanpai Music". It is also developed from African folk music. At the end of the 19th century, a black pianist named Scott Joplin (1869-1917) created a new style of piano music: the right-hand treble played the main theme or arpeggio with a special syncopation rhythm. Generally speaking, 4/4 beats of music, one or three beats are strong beats, and two or four beats are weak beats. However, when he beats three octaves every half, there is a strong sound, while his left hand regularly plays the rhythm composed of the light and heavy notes of quarter notes, one or three beats are strong beats of bass, and two or four beats are chords and weak beats. In this way, the left and right hands form staggered beats, which makes the music humorous, joyful and lively. Because of this creation, Joplin is known as the "King of Ragtime".
Some people say that the word Jazz evolved from the African dialect Jaiza. The original meaning of this word is "to speed up drumming"; Another way of saying it is: in the early years, there was a musician named Jasper in New Orleans. Everyone used to call him Jas, but later he passed it on and on, and became Jazz. Others say that the word Jazz evolved from the word Chaz.
Most of the early black jazz musicians didn't know music, and they just changed the familiar tunes freely by inspiration when playing. So it has a strong impromptu nature. Due to the small number of musicians, three or five musicians often cooperate together, and after a long time, a tacit understanding is naturally formed between them.
In the winter of p>1923, Paul Whiteman, the foreman of new york's "Palace Band", approached the composer Gershwin and said that he wanted to hold an ingenious concert. One of the finale programs that would surprise the audience was to mix jazz and symphony. Gershwin was a music innovator. He started writing in January 1924 and completed it in just one week. Because it mainly uses the "blues scale" and the seventh chord composed of minor, pure fifth and minor sixth degrees, it is named Rhapsody in Blue and translated into rhapsody in blue in China. The performance was a great success. Since then, jazz has been reappeared by serious musicians and intellectuals, and many composers have followed suit, creating many jazz-style music works, such as some American musicals, Hindemith's Dance Suite, Stravinsky's Black Concerto, etc., all using the material and rhythm of jazz music.
Characteristics of jazz music:
(1) In terms of major scales, its third (Mi) and seventh (Si) tones are often lower (usually a semitone, but actually less than a semitone). Sometimes the fifth (Sol) tone also falls by a semitone. These falling notes are often supplemented by sliding and vibrato, thus strengthening the melancholy and sad color of the song; Because of these characteristics, the scale formed in this way is called "blues scale".
(2) syncopated rhythms and triplets are often used in melody, resulting in the inversion of light and heavy sounds;
(3) The rhythm is mostly double beat, usually 4/4 beat, and some are 2/4 beat;
(4) In terms of lyrics and melody structure, Bruce mostly uses two lines of words with symmetry and rhyme. Repeat the first sentence. There are 12 bars in each tune and 4 bars in each sentence, thus forming a three-sentence fixed musical structure: ‖: A: ‖+B
(5) Chords commonly use the main chord (I), the subordinate chord (V) and the subordinate chord. (Ⅳ), therefore, harmony sounds harmonious and simple.
Other characteristic factors:
Jazz singing uses meaningless "lining words" to form a unique jazz singing style under improvisational rules.
The syncopation rhythm of jazz is complex and diverse, especially the continuous syncopation across bars often shifts the whole bar of the original rhythm, resulting in an erratic sense of wandering.
The original 4/4 beat rhythm was changed to 3/16 beat.
The blues scale (1 2 b3 3 4 5 6 b7 7) is often used to form the characteristics of jazz melody, and sometimes # 4 and other inflections are added to the blues scale to make it more colorful.
The harmony of jazz is much more complicated than that of pop music. It is based on seven chords, and a large number of extended tones (such as 9 tones, 11 tones and 13 tones) and alternative chords are used. Sometimes, there are continuous descending pure fifth subordinate chords, which makes it show colorful harmony effects.
Improvisation is one of the performance (or singing) skills that jazz musicians (or singers) must practice.
waltz Waltz
Beat: 3/4
Rhythm: 1, 2 and 3 beats per bar. The first beat is stress. The second and third beats are weak.
speed: 28-3 bars per minute.
style: the movements are as smooth as running water and as brilliant as clouds. Natural and unrestrained, elegant and generous. The waves are rolling and spinning continuously. Enjoy the reputation of "the queen of dancing".
Function: Waltz has all the functions of dance. People all agree that waltz is the king of ballroom dancing, noble and elegant, and can't dance well in communication, so it won't be noticed by the opposite sex. People are fascinated, only beautiful and smooth waltz!
the waltz is denoted by W .. Also known as "slow three step". One of the modern dance events. It's a three-beat dance. It used to be a folk dance in Europe, and some of it spread to Britain, and it was standardized into the English waltz, that is, the waltz, which is what we used to call slow three; The other part spread to central Europe, still maintaining the warm and simple style of folk dance, and standardized the Vienna waltz after finishing, that is, the Vienna waltz we often say.