methods of saving materials in breeding meat ducks
breeding varieties should be excellent
meat ducks with excellent varieties have higher genetic potential of production performance, fast growth speed, strong disease resistance and high utilization rate of feed. With the same age and the same consumption of feed, their weight gain is much faster than that of degraded varieties.
Environmental temperature should be suitable
The suitable growth temperature of meat ducks is 12℃ ~ 24℃, and ducks can make full and effective use of feed within this temperature range. Therefore, we should try our best to create conditions, such as keeping in captivity in winter, sealing doors and windows, and setting up sheds to shade in summer to keep warm or cool down, so as to improve feed remuneration.
the diet should be balanced
because all poultry are? Eat according to your ability? When the energy level of the diet is high, the intake will be less; When the energy level of the diet is low, the intake is high. Therefore, the ratio of protein to energy in meat duck feed should be balanced, otherwise, the feed consumption will increase, resulting in the waste of some nutrients. If the diet is low in energy and high in protein, the protein feed will be wasted as energy consumption.
The feed should be fresh and properly kept
First, the raw materials should be fresh. Second, the ingredients should be prepared and fed frequently, and the feed should be stored in a ventilated and dry place to avoid the oxidation of fat in the feed and the destruction of VA and VE. Place a layer of moisture-proof material between the feed and the ground to prevent the feed from hardening and mildew. Moldy feed is easy to cause poisoning and diarrhea of meat ducks, thus reducing the utilization rate of feed. In addition, feed depots and duck houses should pay attention to preventing pests and rodents.
slaughter in time
it is more suitable for meat ducks to slaughter in 4 ~ 48 days, because the weight gain and feed reward of meat ducks have reached the peak at this time, and the weight gain and feed reward of meat ducks will decrease after 5 days.
Reasonable use of additives
Nutritional additives such as minerals, vitamins and amino acids are necessary, and other non-nutritional additives are also very helpful to improve the growth rate and feed utilization rate of meat ducks. Such as probiotics, enzyme preparations, organic acids, peptides, etc., have obvious effects on improving the weight gain and feed utilization rate of meat ducks.
The shape and adding method of feed should be reasonable
Generally, raw grain should not be fed, and the raw grain should be crushed to match the grain size of full-price feed, which may be different according to the age of ducks, but it should not be excessively crushed, otherwise it will easily fly away and cause waste. When adding materials, you can't save trouble and add too much at a time.
The structure and height of the trough should be appropriate. In addition, attention should be paid to repairing the trough in time at ordinary times to prevent waste caused by material leakage.
Experience in raising meat ducks in winter
1. The brooding period is long. The room temperature should be kept at 32℃ when hatching, and it will take a long time until the temperature drops by .5-1℃ every day.
2. It is difficult to prevent moisture. Ducks drink a lot of water, and their feces are sparse. Coupled with poor ventilation, it is easy to make the duck house damp. The humid environment makes the ducklings consume more heat energy, and the pathogens live in the environment for a long time, which increases the chances of infection and illness of ducklings and is not conducive to the growth of ducklings. Therefore, management should pay special attention to keeping the brooding environment dry.
3. It is difficult to keep young warm. It is cold in winter and spring, so it is difficult to keep the brooding room at 32℃ within 1-2 days after entering the brood, and it is also 18-25℃ during the middle brood. If the temperature is insufficient or there is a thief wind, ducklings are prone to catch a cold. It is necessary for the ducklings to have a good cold tolerance after their plumage has grown.
4. There is a lot of dung on the sports ground. In winter, ducks often rest on the playground. Therefore, there are relatively more feces on the site, and the low temperature makes the pathogenic bacteria live for a long time, and the ammonia gas emitted from the feces is also relatively thick, which is easy to affect the growth and health of ducks. Therefore, it is necessary to clean frequently and disinfect more in winter and spring.
feeding points
1. Select the young seedlings. It is necessary to choose ducklings that come out of the shell at the same time, have big eyes, strong posture, flexible movements, shiny feathers, soft abdomen, good absorption of yolk, good umbilical healing, fat flippers, strong struggle with hands, warm feet, loud cries, strong contraction of cloaca and moist and clean. Small and weak chicks are often crushed to death because of stacking each other when raising chicks.
2. Have a good brooding pass. In winter, the brooding period is long, especially the management of the brooding period of 1-7 days old should be paid special attention to. It is necessary to have more spacious brooding houses, thicken grass mats, and put about 2 ducks per square meter, so that ducklings have more room for activities. It is necessary to do a good job of heating in advance, keep the temperature at 32℃ when entering the chicks, and then reduce it by about 1℃ every two days until the temperature drops. The temperature control is based on the principle that ducklings do not pile up. Suitable temperature, strong food intake, uniform individual and fast weight gain. Duck breeders should always observe the situation of ducks, and drive away the crowded ducklings once every 2-3 minutes. Attention should be paid to ventilation, and there should be no irritating smell indoors to prevent gas poisoning and ammonia poisoning. In sunny weather, the chicks should be driven to sheltered places to graze or bask in the sun. In order to improve the survival rate and population uniformity, it is necessary to pick out the smaller and weaker ducks in time and strengthen feeding.
3. Online brooding is adopted. Because brooding online is easy to clean and the feed water is hygienic, there is less chance for ducks to contact with feces. Therefore, ducks are not easy to get sick. When the ducklings are raised online for 5-7 days, they can be put on the ground from the internet for further breeding after they are strong.
4. Provide clean drinking water. Ducks need to drink water 24-26 hours after hatching, and it is best to use deep well water or warm tap water, which can be used to prevent diseases. It is best to use running water to raise young when the ground is flat.
5. Pay attention to feeding hygiene. You can start eating 1 hour after drinking water, and you can eat freely after eating. Don't suddenly change the feed. Feed regularly, do not feed moldy materials, control the free intake, and often remove moldy materials at the corners and bottom of the trough (especially when it rains for a long time).
6. Strengthen management and prevent stress. Always remember to create a smooth transition environment for ducks. Give dark light at night, you can eat and prevent rats, and it is best to be cared for. Duck breeders should always contact the ducks, call them and train them. Gradually adapt to the water discharge, the initial water discharge is 1-2 minutes each time, and then it will be gradually extended. Grazing and releasing water during the day, driving the chicks indoors at night or keeping warm in small groups on the playground. In case the ducklings die due to long-term stacking pressure when it is cold at night. Playing music to ducklings can induce grazing or returning to the fence, and can also reduce the stress caused by sound. In addition, attention should be paid to rodent control and animal harm prevention. Rats, dogs, weasels, eagles, etc. will prey on ducklings, causing ducks to panic and spread diseases. In winter, when the crops in the field have been harvested, the rats will migrate without food, and a large number of rats in the field will gather in the pasture and should be caught or poisoned.
7. Make full use of sunlight. Make full use of sunshine in winter. Sunlight in winter can increase body temperature, save energy, increase appetite, kill pathogens and improve disease resistance. It is best to graze or bask in the sun in sheltered places, which can reduce the blood stasis in the legs of ducklings, which is beneficial to the hygiene of ducks and the weight gain.
8. Create a good activity environment. Create a good environment for ducks to sleep and rest when they are full.
① remove the sundries on the duck activity ground, make the activity ground fully exposed, and achieve the purpose of disinfection and cleaning through sun exposure.
② Tidy up the sports ground, including filling the depression, removing accumulated water and repairing the launching slope. Because of water waves and activities such as ducks and fish, the soil slope is gradually eroded or collapsed, which makes it inconvenient for ducklings to go ashore to feed. Therefore, the launching slope needs to be trimmed frequently. Some people use red bricks to pave the road, and the effect is good (especially on steep slopes).
③ clean feces frequently. Manure accumulation is easy to cause sports ground pollution and affect duck health. Clean the manure frequently, clean it before it rains, and rinse it after it rains, so as to keep the duck's activity area clean. It is best to choose or build a slope of 5-35 degrees for the sports ground, which is easy to clean without water in rainy days.
④ reduce stocking density. There are two ways to reduce stocking density. First, raise less per unit area; The second is to increase the sports ground, which naturally reduces the number in the unit area.
⑤ Collect animal carcasses in time, and put the dead rats, dead fish, dead ducks and other animal carcasses in the farm into the corpse well or bury them deeply in time.
9. Get back to the lost ducks in time, so that every duck can eat the feed in time.
1. Eliminate worthless sick, weak and disabled individuals in time, and carry out harmless treatment when eliminating them.
11. Pay attention to epidemic prevention. In particular, we should do a good job in the prevention and immunization of duck hepatitis, serositis, influenza and aspergillosis. Do not buy poultry and its products from outside. Strengthen the disinfection of vehicles and personnel, especially ducks and cages, and thoroughly disinfect the site immediately after the work is completed.
12. Timely listing. The feeding period of meat ducks in winter is 43-47 days, and the best marketing period is when the weight can reach 3.1-3.4 kg. At this time, the growth performance of meat ducks is the best and the feed cost is the lowest. It's best to go in and out when going public. After stress, ducks will reduce their food intake and even refuse to eat, which will seriously affect the weight gain and economic benefits of meat ducks. Therefore, it should not be frightened during the feeding process, and it should be sold out at one time.
Key measures for meat ducks in summer
1. Adjust feed nutrition and feeding methods
1. Adjust feed formula. The feed intake of ducks decreases with the increase of environmental temperature, so the feed concentration should be appropriately increased to ensure the daily nutrient intake of ducks.
(1) Replace some carbohydrates with fat. This will not only help to improve the dietary energy, make up for the reduced energy intake due to the decrease of food intake, but also effectively reduce the heat stress. (2) protein level of cavity system. In order to reduce the burden of body heating caused by reducing protein in meat ducks and improve the utilization rate of protein, essential amino acids should be added according to the surplus and deficiency of amino acids in the diet to ensure the balanced supply of amino acids. (3) Improve the contents of minerals and vitamins. Supplementing potassium and sodium in diet or drinking water and adding carbonate in drinking water are beneficial to maintaining electrolyte balance. In addition, adding .1% ~ .5% sodium bicarbonate to feed can effectively reduce the heat stress reaction. High temperature reduces the synthesis ability of vitamin C in ducks, so 5 ~ 2 mg of vitamin C should be added to each kilogram of feed.
2. Add anti-stress drugs. According to the physiological changes of ducks at high temperature, we should prescribe the right medicine, such as using salicylic acid and aspirin to reduce the temperature of ducks, and using Chinese herbal medicines such as Pogostemon rugosa, Acanthopanax Senticosus and Mint to enhance immunity, eliminate dampness and help digestion, so as to achieve anti-stress effect.
3. The feed should be fresh. Reduce the feed content purchased from the feed factory every time, and it is advisable to use it up in about one week to ensure the freshness of the feed. Feed less and add more, especially when wet mixed powder is used, and feed less and add more frequently.
4. Adjust the feeding time. Feeding can be started 1 ~ 2 hours earlier in the morning at 4 ~ 5 in the morning, and the feeding time should be appropriately extended at night, so as to avoid the influence of high temperature on feed intake.
2. Control environmental conditions to prevent thermal stress
1. Reduce solar radiation heat. In the open duck house, a sunshade should be set up on the water and land sports ground, and the roof should be thickened. During the high temperature, you can spray water on the roof or spray water in the house, and do a good job of greening.
2. accelerate the heat dissipation of ducks. Ensure that the duck house is open around and increase the ventilation. Give ducks clean tap water or cold water, and use ventilation equipment to strengthen ventilation to ensure air flow. Ventilation should also be strengthened at night, so that ducks can recover their physical strength at night and alleviate the influence of summer heat during the day.
3. Reduce the feeding density. Reducing the number of ducks in the duck house and increasing the number of water and food troughs in the duck house can reduce the total heat production in the duck house because of the decrease of the number of ducks, and at the same time avoid the increase of individual heat production caused by the shortage of food troughs or water tanks.
4. Keep the duck house clean and dry. Adopt reasonable feeding and drinking methods to reduce the water content in the manure and prevent the harm caused by high humidity in the shed at high temperature: (1) Increase the frequency of cleaning the duck shed and shorten the time of duck manure in the shed. (2) The sink should be placed around the duck house as far as possible, so as not to spill water into the duck house when drinking water. (3) The duck house with water and land sports ground should set up a sunshade in the land sports ground, so that the ducks can have more rest in the land sports ground after splashing ashore, and then enter the duck house after the hair is dry, thus reducing the chance of ducks excreting in the house.
3. epidemic prevention and disease elimination
1. strengthen disease prevention and control. Do a good job in immunization and disease treatment in time; Pay attention to the feed intake, water consumption and feces excretion of ducks, and take measures in time if any abnormality is found.
2. Change the feeding mode. Change the thick bedding feeding on the ground to online flat feeding, and put an end to the contact between meat ducks and feces, so as to reduce the chance of disease transmission and reduce the incidence rate.
3. Reduce the interference to ducks. Avoid disturbing the ducks, reduce the activity of ducks to a minimum, and reduce the increase of duck body heat.
4, do a good job of daily disinfection. Improve the disinfection system to prevent ducks from losing their resistance due to the invasion of harmful microorganisms, prevent flies and mosquitoes from breeding, protect ducks from insect pests and enhance the anti-stress ability of ducks.