Wang Fanzhi

Wang Fanzhi was a poet of the Tang Dynasty. A native of Liyang, Weizhou (now Junxian County, Henan Province). His life story is unknown. "Guiyuan Congtan" and "Wang Fanzhi" in Volume 82 of "Taiping Guangji" both say that he was born in the Sui Dynasty. He was found and adopted from a dead tree by Wang Dezu, a native of Liyang City. He was "able to speak at the age of seven" and "composed poems". Satirizing people is very meaningful." The Dunhuang manuscript "The King's Sacrifice to Yang Junwen" also said that he was a "scholar of Tongxuan". It can be seen that his creative activities were mainly in the early Tang Dynasty.

Wang Fanzhi's poems are mainly reasoning and attach great importance to the social function of punishing evil and encouraging good. Some poems have a positive meaning of satirizing the human condition of the world, such as: "The fabrication of farmland has not stopped, and the crying in the hall is already dead. Those who cry are all money-spenders, but crying with your mouth is actually happy in your heart." The style of the poem is simple and plain, but sometimes it is full of emotion. Humor often embodies the philosophy of life in ridicule and banter, and expresses laughter and curses in trivial matters. It created a popular poetry school that incorporated common slang words into poetry. However, there are also quite a few works that promote feudal ethics and Buddhist teachings, with shallow content and low style.

Wang Fanzhi's poems were quite influential at the time. People said that he "did not abide by the classics, but used common sayings. Not only did the wise think back, but it also easily changed the appearance of fools. He spread rumors from far and near, and encouraged and punished good deeds." (Dunhuang Manuscript "Original Preface to Wang Fanzhi's Poems"). Zen sects in Buddhist temples often use it to "teach and admonish all Taoists" or "enlighten fools and ignorant people". The "Nihon Mizai Shu Catalog" compiled during the Heian Dynasty of Japan also records "Two Volumes of Wang Fanzhi's Poems". It can be speculated that it was spread to Japan in about the eighth or ninth century. Among the poets of the Tang Dynasty, the poems of Han Shan, Shi De and Feng Qian directly inherited Wang Fanzhi's legacy; while Wang Wei, Gu Kuang, Bai Juyi, Jiao Ran, etc. were also more or less influenced by him. In the Song Dynasty, some people imitated Wang Fanzhi style and wrote poems. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wang Fanzhi's poems fell into obscurity. "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" does not contain his poems. It was not until the manuscript of Wang Fanzhi's poems was discovered in the Dunhuang Scripture Cave that it gradually attracted attention at home and abroad.

"Song History·Yiwenzhi" once recorded 1 volume of "Wang Fanzhi's Collected Poems", but it no longer exists today. The Dunhuang manuscript of Wang Fanzhi's poems was edited by Liu Fu in 1925 and included in "Dunhuang Duosuo". There are also 1 volume of "Wang Fanzhi's Poems" and "Wang Fanzhi's Poems" supplemented by Zheng Zhenduo in 1935, which are included in the fifth volume of "World Library". Zhang Xihou collected and compiled 348 poems in "Wang Fanzhi's Poetry Collection", and appended relevant comments and textual research and other materials, which is relatively complete. When I am rich and rich

Wang Fanzhi●When I am rich and rich

When I am rich and rich, my wife and children look good on me.

If I take off my clothes, fold my robe and coat with me.

I went out to ask for help from the sutra, and it sent me to the path.

Put the money into the house and see me smiling.

The white dove is circling around me, just like a parrot.

When I meet someone who is temporarily poor, I look good and look good.

When a person is poor, he will be repaid by the rich.

In order to make money, you don’t care about people, and you only care about the current situation.

Wang Fanzhi was a vernacular poet in the early Tang Dynasty.

This is a poem that laments the warmth and coldness of human relationships. At first reading, the whole article has neither wonderful aphorisms nor artistic descriptions of the environment. It seems to be bland and the language is not surprising; in fact, it is good at "straightforward", referring to things and describing images in a shallow way; The words are spoken and written spontaneously; the words are close and the purpose is far-reaching, which is thought-provoking and has a unique poetic taste that is light and interesting.

The whole poem has a compact structure and clear layers. It revolves around the theme step by step and is written quite affectionately. In the first six sentences of the first paragraph, the author uses a summary style to point out that the key to the attitude of the wife and children lies in the word "money". When you have money, everything goes well, and your wife and children appear to be very attentive. If you want to take off your clothes, someone will soon take off your robe and coat neatly folded; if you leave home to go on business, you will have to take it to the roadside. The poet here selects common life phenomena and describes various scenes without modification with condensed brushwork, giving people an ordinary and vivid feeling.

Then, the author uses appropriate metaphors to further describe the various flattery caused by money: "Put the money into the house and see my face is full of smiles. The white doves circle around me, just like parrots." When carrying money When you return home, you will be greeted by smiling faces, hovering around you like white doves, and chattering in your ears like imitating parrots. People have always regarded pigeons as birds that hate the poor and love the rich, while parrots are regarded as talkative and flattering. Therefore, the poet uses "white dove" and "parrot" to describe the greedy people who see money.

The last six sentences summarize the main theme of the whole article and are also Wang Fanzhi’s angry words about the perils of the world. The word "encounter" in the sentence means to come unexpectedly; the word "appearance" means an ugly face; both are spoken in Tang Dynasty. What these lines of poetry say is: When I accidentally fell into poverty, why did your face become so ugly? You must know that when people are the poorest, they may also have the opportunity to be extremely rich. He bluntly warned those vulgar money-grubbers that if they are only greedy for money and have no regard for human kindness, then look at the retribution when it comes! Here, the poet writes frankly about his anger.

The obvious characteristics of this poem in terms of artistic expression are: it uses keen observation to capture some actions and events in life that are not much valued by people, uses popular and concise language, and imagines ingenious contrasting descriptions. , there is not much ink, and there is no intention to exaggerate it, but the ugly appearance of the money-grubbing person is clearly visible on the page. At the same time, the poet's sense of injustice also suddenly emerged. The author used his relatively skillful ability to control folk language, and his language was natural, straightforward and simple, and his words were close and far-reaching. This created a popular poetry school in the Tang Dynasty that incorporated slang and slang words into poetry, and contributed to the development of Tang poetry. nikanxingbuxng!