As an aesthetic recreation activity, art appreciation contains extremely complex aesthetic psychological factors and psychological mechanisms.

Aesthetic psychology includes: attention, perception, association, imagination, emotion, understanding, etc. They influence, interact and penetrate each other, and have subtle and complex relationships. Sometimes it is completed in an instant, but it contains various elements of aesthetic psychology, and various psychological factors play a positive role in it.

1. Attention

1. Directivity: Selectivity, selecting the things that need to be perceived and recognized from many things.

2. Concentration:

Concentrate all the psychological elements of the subject on the chosen thing.

A person temporarily puts aside

other things for a period of time and concentrates on clearly reflecting a specific thing.

(

eg.

At the beginning of the 20th century, British psychologist Blough's "distance theory"

believed that aesthetic feelings formed The reason is that the subject maintains a moderate "psychological distance" from the object. Neither the distance is too far nor the distance is too close to produce aesthetic pleasure.

Close range: A loud warning from an old British woman watching "Hamlet"

Too far distance: "Estimating how much it is worth" when appreciating a painting or sculpture fails to enter the aesthetic psychology of art appreciation.

In psychology, attention is divided into two types: intentional attention and unintentional attention.

Intentional attention is often used in art appreciation activities.

Maintain various The active operation of psychological activities

(

eg.

The Sichuan Opera "Autumn River" depicts Chen Miaochang, a nun who wants to go down the mountain, taking the old boat

The public boat went down the river, and the scene actually caused dizziness)

)

2. Perception

Feeling refers to the feeling that objective things directly affect people Organ,

The reflection of the individual attributes of things produced in the human brain

Feeling is the basis of all cognitive activities and the psychological basis of aesthetic feeling.

Feeling and perception are collectively called perception. Feeling is the basis of perception, and perception is the depth of feeling. In art appreciation, the two are usually intertwined

*** works together.

Perception has basic characteristics such as integrity,

selectivity,

understanding and constancy.

It is a more Proactive psychological activities.

Human senses, as aesthetic senses, are mainly vision and hearing. Modern psychological research results show that the total amount of information received by human beings

perceives

85 %

The above comes from the audio-visual senses. If appreciators want to improve their art appreciation level, they should first gradually train and cultivate their keen artistic perception. Only through repeated perception, experience and taste of a large number of excellent Chinese and foreign works of art can we truly improve our appreciation of art.

3. Association

In psychology, association refers to “the psychological process of thinking of one thing from another.

”

Including,

1

, thinking of another related thing from the currently perceived thing.

(The glacier thaws, thinking about winter turning to spring)

2

. Thinking of another thing from one thing that has been thought of.

(For example, if you think of winter passing and spring coming, all things will revive)

Association classification: close association, similar association, contrasting association, causal association, free association, and controlled association.

(

eg.

The German psychologist Ebbinghaus used experimental methods to study people’s advanced psychological activities and founded the Modern Alliance

p>

Idealistic psychology

)

Association has a status and role that cannot be ignored in aesthetic psychology.

Through association, not only the artistic image is made more vivid and vivid, but also the perceived image content is enriched

Profound,

Thus, the art appreciation activity is not only Staying on the direct feeling of the perceptual form of the art work,

but being able to feel more deeply the richer inner meaning contained in the perceptual form.

(

eg.

Music,

Landscape painting,

Old poetry

(Comparative,

Xing techniques) Movie (montage)

)

Montage: by affecting the audience's emotions, stimulating the audience's associations and inspiring the audience's thinking, The film has

a magical artistic charm. The classification is as follows:

Equality montage, the psychological basis is similar association.

Contrast montage, contrast association, and the opposition or contrast of different images enhance the psychological impact of the new film.

There are similar associations and contrasting associations.

Association, as a positive psychological factor, is affected by subjective conditions such as the life experience, cognitive ability and emotions of the appreciating subject.

4. Imagination

As an aesthetic re-creation activity, the subject of art appreciation does not passively accept it, but uses

imagination and other The psychological function actively and proactively recreates the artistic image.

Imagination,

refers to the process in which the human brain processes and transforms existing images to create new images.

The basic material of imagination is

representation, but the representation of imagination is different from the representation of memory.

The fundamental difference between human labor and animal instinctive behavior lies in the use of imagination to produce the appearance of expected results.

Any labor process

must include imagination. It is a necessary

aspect of art, design, science, literature, music and any creative activity.

Imagination in art appreciation activities and imagination in art creation activities are both connected and different. The reasons are as follows:

As imaginations, both are leaps and bounds, not limited by time and space, infinitely changeable, dynamic and creative

Creativity. However, the imagination of the appreciator must be based on the imagination of the artist, and the imagination of the appreciating subject must be based on the artistic work. The imagination can only be carried out within the scope and situation specified by the work. The artistic work has a profound impact on appreciation. The imagination of activities plays the role of regulation, guidance and restriction.

Psychology divides imagination into:

Recreation imagination, the process of recreating corresponding new images in the mind based on verbal descriptions or graphics and sound cues.

Create imagination, the process of creating new images independently without relying on existing descriptions.

Art appreciation activities mainly focus on reconstructive imagination, but also include a certain amount of creative imagination.

(

eg.

Li Bai’s poems; plastic arts such as painting and sculpture, using the imagination of turning stillness into movement; Qi Baishi’s shrimps, Xu Bei< /p>

Hong's horse; drama art, stage art, traditional opera, virtual imagination, showing whips and oars moving

)

Film and television art. : Soviet director Roma's "Thirteen" travels across the desert to find reinforcements.

Although music art has unique imagery, it is also uncertain and abstract. World famous music provides the audience with the basic content of the music and the basic direction of imagination, and provides the audience with tips and guidance.

Literature and art, Wang Guowei's "The solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river"

5. Emotion

Strong emotional experience,

< p>It is the most significant feature that distinguishes aesthetic activities from scientific activities and moral awareness activities.

Psychologists call the complex social emotions unique to humans high-level emotions, and divide them into three types: moral sense, aesthetic sense, and

rational sense.

Emotion is a special form of human reaction to objective reality.

It is a complex psychology of whether objective things meet human needs.

Reflection is an attitude of the subject towards the object. The roots of human emotions lie in the extremely diverse natural

and cultural needs.

Many aestheticians at home and abroad believe that aesthetic psychology is the integration of multiple psychological factors such as attention, perception, association, imagination, emotion, and understanding. They are not mechanical addition or simple rules, but through emotion as the intermediary, forming an organically unified aesthetic psychology. Emotional activities in art appreciation are based on attention and perception, and are inseparable from association and imagination. They express haircuts in sensibility through understanding factors, and accumulate sensibility in rationality.

1.

In art appreciation, emotion is always based on attention and perception. Psychology believes that human emotions are always

produced for specific objects. There are no emotions without reasons in the world. In daily life, people often

"touch the scene"

This is also the case in art appreciation.

(

eg.

(Southern Qi Dynasty) Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long"

"Deng

Mountains are full of love,

Looking at the sea is full of love.

"

)

In fact,

any reader,

viewer or listener's perception and acceptance of artistic images in art appreciation will be affected by emotions. At the same time, artistic perception under the influence of specific emotions will affect emotions and cause deeper emotional activities.

2.

Secondly, emotions in art appreciation are inseparable from association and imagination.

On the one hand, association and imagination are often affected by the emotions of the appreciating subject.

On the other hand, this kind of association and imagination will further strengthen and deepen emotions. Therefore, association and imagination in appreciation are always mediated by emotion.

(

"Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" Violin Concerto)

3.

In addition, in the psychology of art appreciation, emotion It is also closely related to understanding. Psychology believes that people's emotions are directly related to people's understanding and hardness of things, especially for high-level emotions such as beauty and morality. It is inevitable that "evaluation, judgment, and opinion are included as necessary factors in emotions." Therefore, these emotions are permeated with rational factors.

"Tess"

When the subject of appreciation has a deeper understanding of the content and meaning of the work,

will have a deeper understanding of the feelings conveyed by the work.

Experience, thereby reaching the level of emotional peak experience in art appreciation.

Obviously,

emotion plays a very important role in aesthetics and artistic psychology,

especially when compared with other psychological factors

Mutual influence and penetration, and play a leading role in it.

6. Understanding

The understanding factor in the psychology of art appreciation does not exist alone, but widely penetrates into perception, emotion, imagination, etc.

In psychological activities, they all constitute a complete aesthetic psychological process. Therefore, the understanding factor in aesthetic psychology is different from ordinary logical thinking, but often appears to directly reach the understanding of works of art without thinking.

Understanding is a kind of thinking activity that gradually understands the connections and relationships of things until you understand their essence and laws. Understanding includes

direct understanding and indirect understanding.

Direct understanding: There is no intermediary thinking involved, but the understanding achieved by the individual through the current personal experience;

Indirect understanding: Borrowing the experience of predecessors and the individual’s past experience, through a series of Understanding achieved through analysis, synthesis, abstract summary, etc.

Introduction to thinking.

Understanding in aesthetic and artistic activities often has the characteristics of direct understanding, which is manifested as a kind of understanding and ineffable experience

Therefore, the understanding in art appreciation is mostly based on direct understanding, and indirect understanding is also involved to a certain extent. In art appreciation, it must be a combination of emotional experience and appreciation judgment, and a combination of perceptual factors and rational factors.

The understanding factor in the aesthetic psychology of art has three meanings:

First of all, the appreciation of the content of artistic works is inseparable from the understanding factor.

(Da Vinci's "The Last Supper"

) People must

use their own life experience and cultural knowledge to understand the content of the work.

"A Dream of Red Mansions"

Secondly, the appreciation of the form of artistic works is inseparable from the factor of understanding.

(Peking Opera routines and techniques)

Finally, and most importantly, the understanding of the inner meaning and profound philosophy of each artistic work,

< p>It cannot be separated from the understanding factor. In Chinese aesthetics, works of art often pursue a "meaning beyond words"

,

"a sound beyond the strings"

or a "purpose beyond the image"

.

In Western aesthetics, works of art often pursue "meaning, connotation, and philosophy"