Hakka folk songs are a type of folk songs in the Chinese folk song genre. It is popular in Meixian, Xingning, Wuhua, and Zijin in eastern Guangdong; Shanghang, Ninghua, Qingliu, and Yongding in western Fujian; Xingguo, Ruijin, and Yongxin in southern Jiangxi; and Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Miaoli in northern Taiwan. A place where Hakka people live together. It is sung in Hakka dialect, so it is called "Hakka folk song". Hakka folk songs have a wide range of content and simple and vivid language. The lyrics make good use of Bixing and have neat rhymes. The lyrics have 7 words and 4 sentences, each sentence is a combination of "2, 2, 3". The lyrics and music are not fixed, and are usually improvised. You can have multiple words in one song and sing it repeatedly. Chinese name: Hakka folk songs Foreign name: Hakka Mountain Folk Songs Music type: Chinese folk songs and folk songs Culture reflected: Hakka culture Language used: Hakka Popular areas: Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan and other places

Directory introduction Source Social background and historical factors Inheritance and development Category and tone characteristics Overview Category Mode Expression techniques Artistic features Strong emotions, rich imagination, vivid images, fresh artistic conception Lyrical narrative, seamless sense of things and events, natural and smooth Representative areas Meizhou, Yongding, Zhongshan, Shenzhen, Dongguan ( Fenggang) Song Appreciation Expand Introduction Source Social Background and Historical Factors Inheritance and Development Types and Tonal Characteristics Overview Category Modes Expression Techniques Artistic Characteristics Strong emotions, rich imagination, vivid images, fresh artistic conception, lyrical narrative, integrated sense of things and events, natural and smooth representation Region Meizhou Yongding Zhongshan Shenzhen Dongguan (Fenggang) Song Appreciation Expand

Edit this paragraph Introduction Hakka folk songs Hakka folk songs are known as the sounds of nature with the legacy of the "Book of Songs". Since the Tang Dynasty, there has been a With a history of more than a thousand years, it is mainly spread in Meizhou, Heyuan, Huizhou, Ganzhou, Tingzhou, Shaoguan and Qingyuan counties, as well as Baiyun Taihe, Yuexiu Hongqiao Street, Zengcheng and Conghua in Guangzhou, and Yantian, Longgang and Shiyan in Shenzhen. , Guanlan, Fenggang, Qingxi, and Zhangmutou in Dongguan, Wuguishan and Nanlang in Zhongshan, Luhe in Shanwei, Jiexi in Jieyang, Raoping in Chaozhou, Hezhou, Bobai, and Luchuan in Guangxi, Nanfeng in Danzhou in Hainan, and Yanling in Hunan , Liuyang and Miaoli, Hsinchu, Taoyuan and other places in Taiwan and Hakka settlements at home and abroad. After continuous development, Hakka folk songs have attracted the attention of the world. On May 20, 2006, Meizhou Hakka folk songs were approved by the State Council and included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

Hakka folk songs are folk songs sung in Hakka dialect. It inherits the traditional style in the Book of Songs and is greatly influenced by Tang poetry and Zhuzhi Ci. At the same time, it absorbs the excellent elements of folk songs from all over the south. For hundreds of years, it has been widely circulated and has been sung for a long time.

Hakka folk songs include labor songs, persuasive songs, industry songs, show songs, show off songs, Xuxuan songs, lafan songs, riddle songs, guessing tunes, minor tunes, bamboo songs, etc.

The structure of various lyrics is roughly the same. Each song has four sentences, each sentence has seven characters, and the first, second, and fourth sentences are often rhymed with flat tones.

Her tunes are rich, including haozi folk songs, Zhengban folk songs, four-line and eight-section folk songs, Allegro folk songs, Dieban folk songs, five-line folk songs, etc.

Edit source of this paragraph Hakka folk songs are the most influential and important type of Hakka folk songs. They are sung in Hakka dialect, inheriting the traditional style of "The Book of Songs" and inheriting the style of Tang poetry and later Zhuzhi Ci. It has a great influence, and at the same time it absorbs the excellent elements of folk songs from all over the south, forming its own system and unique style. Judging from the subject matter and content, it includes labor songs, songs of persuasion, industry songs, entertainment songs, current affairs songs, ritual songs, love songs, life songs, children's songs, guessing tunes, minor tunes, bamboo songs, etc. The tunes are rich, mainly including Haozi folk songs, Zhengban folk songs, four-line eight-section folk songs, Allegro folk songs, Dieban folk songs, five-line folk songs, etc. The melody is very beautiful. The structure of the various lyrics is roughly the same. Each song has 4 sentences, each sentence has 7 words, and the first, second and fourth sentences often rhyme with flat tones. They make good use of Bixing techniques, especially puns. The language is vivid and popular, and the rhymes are catchy.

Edit this paragraph Social background and historical factors Hakka folk songs Hakka folk songs are the oral literature of the Hakka people. They are rich in Hakka language characteristics and form an independent branch of folk songs. Due to the environment in which they live, the Hakka people work in the fields and mountains all day long, and both men and women are born. There is no strict distinction between "men work outside and women work inside". The character of the Hakka people is mostly simple and hardworking, rarely lazy and exaggerated, and they preserve the customs of the ancient Central Plains people. These are quite related to the emergence of Hakka folk songs. Any kind of art has its social background and historical origin. There are roughly four reasons why folk songs are popular in the Hakka area:

First, Hakkas are mostly distributed in the mountainous areas of southeastern China, and their daily life is related to the "mountain". Moreover, Hakka customs are women and Men are also responsible for various operations in the mountains. During the long-term joint work in the mountains, it is expected that men and women talk to each other about their feelings, and folk songs are melodic words that can express feelings better than ordinary language.

Secondly, because the Hakka people live in mountainous areas, their work is relatively hard. Once they go to the mountains or wilderness valleys, they will inevitably feel elated and want to sing a few songs to vent their feelings.

Thirdly, in the old days, Hakkas did not have other relatively complete and common folk entertainment, and their usually suppressed emotions could not be properly vented. Singing folk songs was a popular entertainment, so most men and women were not interested in it. Have the same favorites.

Fourth, in Hakka society, the old ethics are very strict. Usually in families or villages, strict boundaries are maintained between men and women. Except for the relationship between husband and wife, social activities between men and women are very rare. . Even among couples, there are few light-hearted life programs. Because I was too restrained at home, my spirit seemed to be liberated when I went to the mountains, so I sang folk songs naturally.

As far as the content and nature of Hakka folk songs are concerned, they can be roughly divided into the following three types: First, they are self-intoxicating or self-venting. They may not have an audience when singing. Sometimes they can be hummed by a person alone. Refresh your boring mood. The second is folk songs about flirting between men and women, which is the most important part of Hakka folk songs. The third is a joke song, that is, one of the men and women sings a folk song to the other party in a joking manner. If the other party responds, they will tease each other with the folk song and ridicule the other party. If there is no response, it means that she (he) is an honest person who can be bullied. Or people who can't sing folk songs, then they can let it go.

Folk songs that belong to narcissism:

Eat cigarettes and love to eat two or three tubes, and love two or three sects with my sister.

The first thing is to speak well. We also need talents to cover Guangdong.

Put down your burden and sit in the tea pavilion. I dare to sing folk songs but fear others.

Age is like Zhuge Liang, not afraid of Cao Cao's millions of soldiers.

Joking folk songs:

A gust of rain comes and a gust of wind, I am afraid of your husband to see how bad you are,

Don’t dare to talk about what is on your mind, the dragon bites you inside Don't dare to move.

The tea-picking girl is so pitiful, her backpack is as tight as a round pear,

It goes from the beginning of the tea to the end of the tea, so much hard work and no money.

Don’t worry about bad ghosts, your life water is still crooked.

I don’t have enough to eat three meals a day and wear straw sandals all year round.

Love songs:

When you go into the mountains, you see vines wrapped around trees. When you come out of the mountains, you see trees wrapped around vines. .

When the trees are blooming and the flowers are blooming, the elder brother holds his sister up and down.

He holds the tail of his shirt and waits for the man to hold her in his arms. He waits for the man to hold her in his arms before returning home.

I bought a new fan that is seven inches long. I bought it as a gift to my lover.

I asked my lover not to fall or leave it, as it will make the two of them sleep well.

The willows by the river are tender and delicate, picking up the paddle board and waiting for the east tide.

My brother, the boat girl, is in the water. The boat floats on the surface and I let him rock it.

Edit this paragraph Inheritance and Development Hakka folk songs have beautiful melodies, and almost all tunes have decorative sounds such as vibrato, portamento, and appliqué, which make the melody winding, euphemistic, and beautiful. Hakka folk songs have a variety of singing styles, including Songkou Yuanban folk songs, Meixian folk songs, Xingning Luogang folk songs, Jiaoling Changtan folk songs, Dabu Xihe folk songs, etc.

Hakka folk songs Hakka folk songs have a wide range of themes, implicit artistic conception, good use of metaphors, and are especially good at puns. The language is vivid and popular, and the rhymes are catchy. For example: "The man has a heart and the girl has a heart. The iron pestle is ground into an embroidery needle; the man ties the needle to the girl to tie the thread. The needle moves in three steps to find the thread." This folk song uses the metaphorical word "just like" to directly compare the inseparable love between men and women. The work is about needle and thread that have never been separated. It is easy to understand, the image is visible, the emotion is sincere, and the life is vivid and expressive; "Olives are delicious but the core is not round, and they miss each other so much that they dare not speak nonsense; a mute eats with a single chopstick, thinking of becoming a pair." "It's hard to express." This song uses vivid metaphors and puns to express the feeling of missing each other and to express the admiration for the other person and the desire to become a couple but it is difficult to speak. It is euphemistic, implicit and thought-provoking.

Hakka folk songs have strong artistic imagination. For example: "New rings have nine links, and one link lasts for nine years; ninety-nine returns to eighty-one, and love lasts for nineteen years." In Hakka folk songs, everything has feelings and life, and rings originally have no feelings. It is an ornament, but it is generally used as a "token of love". Therefore, the ring in the song has become a witness of love, showing the passionate love between a man and a woman that has lasted for hundreds of years; Brother is shocked; I wonder how much I can share with you, but I dare not say anything when there are so many people." The song describes how a Hakka girl is hard-working and capable, and can carry a load of 120 or 30 pounds for a long distance, which makes the man surprised and distressed. At the same time, the complex emotions of a young man who is both concerned and shy about his lover are carefully portrayed, and the lyrical narrative is seamless.

During the Second Civil Revolutionary War, people in revolutionary base areas such as Xingguo in Jiangxi used Hakka folk songs to compose and sing new words to praise the revolution, such as "Golden on Jixin Ridge" and other songs that were sung all over the country and were called "Xingguo Folk Songs" ". Since the 1940s, art troupes in the Xingmei area of ??Guangdong have created scripts such as "The Sedan Arrives at the Door" and "Changing Hearts", which are sung and spoken to the tunes of Hakka folk songs, thus developing into dialect operas in the Hakka area.

Famous composer Xu Peidong believes that Hakka folk songs have been circulated for thousands of years, retaining many elements of ancient sayings and have high appreciation value. As an art form, it should also keep pace with the times, innovate on the basis of the original folk songs, examine folk songs from today's perspective and the characteristics of the times, and use this as inspiration to integrate Hakka customs into the creation of songs. go.

The famous composer Chen Xiaoqi pointed out that Hakka folk songs have limited their spread across the country due to language limitations. But its melody is second to none in the country, and its arrangement can be greatly changed. Its structure is only four or five sentences, so it has more room for development. He said that the creative materials of Hakka music are very rich, and the art world has not yet fully explored them.

The famous lyricist Yan Su believes that Hakka folk songs have great potential and value for artistic development. He said: "The improvisational singing and implicit artistic conception of Hakka folk songs have inspired everyone. There are more than 100 kinds of tunes. We will use the musical melodies of Hakka folk songs to create a batch of new folk songs that have both a sense of the times and a Hakka flavor. , to carry forward Hakka folk songs."

Experts believe that to revitalize and prosper Hakka folk song culture, a two-pronged approach should be taken: not only to organize and preserve the original folk song materials, but also to encourage the creation of unique folk songs. A new folk song with the flavor of the times. By blending tradition and the times, traditional folk songs can glow with the artistic charm of the times, thus driving and promoting the development of the local economy.

Edit this paragraph to summarize the types and accent characteristics. Hakka folk songs have a wide range of content and simple and vivid language. The lyrics make good use of Bixing and have neat rhymes. The lyrics have 7 words and 4 sentences, each sentence is a combination of "2, 2, 3". The lyrics and music are not fixed, and are usually improvised. You can have multiple words in one song and sing it repeatedly.

The tunes of Hakka folk songs vary from place to place. Even the tunes in the same region may vary due to the singing by different singers. It comes in many variations and has different names.

Category: Haozi Folk Song, also known as folk song haozi. Lining words such as "?yohoha" are mostly used. There is only one long phrase, which is performed between two or three adjacent tones in the high range. It is loose and rhythmic. It is sung in falsetto and the voice is high.

Zhengban folk song is also called four-sentence ban folk song. It consists of four phrases with a neat and symmetrical structure. It is the most common form among Hakka folk songs.

Four Sentences and Eight Stanzas Folk Song has 4 lines of lyrics, and eight stanzas refers to 8 musical phrases. It is to divide a line of lyrics into two musical phrases to sing, with more lining words sandwiched between the words. Its tunes are developed on the basis of traditional folk songs.

Allegro folk songs are also called Presto folk songs. The lyrics have no liners and the tune has no drawl. It is sung to the tune of a genuine folk song, tightening the rhythm and speeding up the speed.

Dieban folk song is also called Duizi folk song. There are many repeated words and phrases inserted into the lyrics, sometimes as many as 10 words. The beginning and end of the melody basically retain the characteristics of a traditional folk song, while in the middle the melody is expanded by the use of overlapping words and phrases, and the singing is similar to the number of banquets.

Five-sentence folk song: The lyrics are 7 characters and 5 sentences, and the melody is an expansion of the authentic folk song.

Modal Hakka Folk Songs Hakka folk songs are mostly in Yu mode and Zheng mode; generally the four-tone Yu mode is la-do-re-mi, and the Zheng mode is sol-la-do-re. When the tune progresses, the feather mode often adopts la-re (reverse is re-la) or la-mi (reverse is mi-la); the levy mode often adopts sol-la-do-re (reverse is re-do -la-sol). The pronunciation is very concise. Some folk songs only use two tones, such as "New Shuobiao Liangmingguang" in Ninghua, Fujian, and "Presto Ban Folk Song" in Jiangxi Tonggu, which only use the two tones "re" and "la".

Expression Techniques Hakka Folk Songs Hakka folk songs should transform invisible thoughts and emotions into tangible, vivid and touching artistic images. They often use various vivid expression techniques, mainly including: metaphors and puns. , overlap, direct narration, contrast, parallelism, duality, veracity, exaggeration, splitting and other eleven types. Just like

A man has a heart and a girl has a heart, they are like a thread and a needle;

The silver needle never leaves the silk thread, and the silk thread never leaves the silver needle.

This folk song uses the metaphorical word "just like" to directly compare the inseparable love between men and women to the needle and thread that have never been separated. It is easy to understand, visible in the image, sincere and vivid.

Hakka folk songs have a wide range of themes, implicit artistic conception, good use of metaphorical techniques, and are especially good at puns. The language is vivid and popular, and the rhymes are catchy. For example: "The man has a heart and the girl has a heart. The iron pestle is ground into an embroidery needle; the man ties the needle to the girl to tie the thread. The needle moves in three steps to find the thread." This folk song uses the metaphorical word "just like" to directly compare the inseparable love between men and women. The work is about needle and thread that have never been separated. It is easy to understand, the image is visible, the emotion is sincere, and the life is vivid and expressive; "Olives are delicious but the core is not round, and they miss each other so much that they dare not speak nonsense; a mute eats with a single chopstick, thinking of becoming a pair." "It's hard to express." This song uses vivid metaphors and puns to express the feeling of missing each other and to express the admiration for the other person and the desire to become a couple but it is difficult to speak. It is euphemistic, implicit and thought-provoking.

The artistic features of this editing section are strong emotions and rich imagination. The newly made rings have nine links, and each link will last for nine years;

Ninety-nine will return to eighty-one, and the love will return to each other for nineteen years. .

Everything in Hakka folk songs has emotions and life. Rings were originally unemotional ornaments, but the rings in the songs became witnesses of love, expressing the passion of a man and a woman who have been married for hundreds of years. love affair.

The image is vivid and the artistic conception is fresh. When you enter the mountain, you will see the vines wrapped around the trees, and when you come out of the mountain, you will see the trees wrapped around the vines;

Using the specific image of vines and trees on the mountain entangled and inseparable until death, it is a metaphor for the noble feelings and strong will of a pair of lovers who are loyal to love and who love each other life and death. The song not only depicts a vivid image, but also embodies emotions in the scenery and conveys emotions through the scenery, forming a fresh and beautiful artistic conception that blends the scenes.

Lyric narrative, integrated. Seeing my sister shouldering the burden, my brother was shocked;

I wanted to share how much I wanted to share with you, but I didn’t dare to speak out when there were so many people.

The song tells the story of a Hakka girl who is hard-working and capable, carrying a load of 120 to 30 kilograms for a long distance, which makes the man surprised and distressed. Mixed emotions.

We built a big house with a sense of things and a natural and smooth flow. We built an upper hall and a lower hall;

We built three rooms and three suites. I asked my sister whether she liked the corridor or not. (lang).

Folk songs use the structure of Hakka people’s houses to test the meaning of lovers, and the meaning is implicit, relevant and vivid. The listener seems to see a simple and honest young man who is eager to know the girl's feelings, so he uses objects to express feelings, and uses the pun of "lang" and "lang" to skillfully and euphemistically test the girl he loves.

Edit this paragraph to represent the region Meizhou. Hakka folk songs are an art form with local characteristics that is loved by the people in Meizhou. It contains the charm of Central Plains music and reveals the characteristics of Lingnan indigenous music. Most of it is high-pitched, free-tempo, rich in folk song flavor, and full of interest. Hakka folk songs are rich and colorful and popular in all counties in our city. The folk songs in each county have different styles and characteristics. There are several different tunes in the folk songs in a county. Folk songs can be sung by talented folk singers using a basic tune to sing different emotions as the content changes, and the tunes also change. The emotion can be reflected in the scene, the song can be uttered, and the lyrics can be sung along with the composition, and the answers can be fluent. The following introduces the more distinctive folk song tunes in each county in our city:

1. Meixian folk songs: The most distinctive folk song in Meixian County is "Songkou Folk Song". Songkou folk songs have rich and colorful tunes and various tunes. Such as Songkou folk song chant: In the duet folk songs between men and women, usually after singing the chant, they turn to the main part of the soft and melodious folk song:

2. Xingning City Folk Song: Among the Xingning City Folk Songs, there are Luogang Folk Songs , Shima folk songs, Shuikou folk songs, etc. The most distinctive one is the Shima folk song "The Newly Embroidered Purse Is Red on Both Sides", which is humorous, has a flat and feathery tone, and has obvious singing characteristics.

3. Wuhua County folk songs: Wuhua County folk songs include Huacheng folk songs, Shuizhai folk songs, Anliu folk songs, Shangshan folk songs, Qiaojiang folk songs, Changbu folk songs, etc. The distinctive Wuhua Changbu folk song "Singing to Climb Shima Peak" has a wide range, loose structure, and cadences, like flowing clouds and flowing water.

4. Jiaoling County Folk Songs: Among the Jiaoling County folk songs, there are Jiaocheng Folk Songs, Sanduanshan Yan Folk Songs, Xinpu Folk Songs, Changtan Folk Songs, etc. The most distinctive one is the Changtan folk song "A Trip from Changtan to Gongwangpi", which has the characteristics of Hunan tones. It is more lyrical and beautiful, expresses more resentment, compresses the rhythm, and can also express cheerful emotions. 5. Dabu County folk songs: Dabu County folk songs include Pubei folk songs, Sanhe folk songs, Chayang folk songs, Xihe folk songs, etc. The most distinctive one is the Xihe folk song "Wu Wu Chi Chi, Too Sweet", which is more beautiful and lyrical. The falling tone is in the palace mode, and the tone is bright and stretched.

6. Pingyuan County Folk Songs: Pingyuan County folk songs include Dazhe Folk Song, Shangshanren Folk Song, Hotan Folk Song, and Batou Folk Song, etc. What is distinctive is the Shangshan Renshan song "Shangshan Renshan Can't Shake Slowly", which conveys labor emotions, humor, and uniqueness.

7. Fengshun County Folk Songs: Fengshun County folk songs include Mazhuli Folk Songs, Pantian Folk Songs, Tangkeng Folk Songs, Fengliang Folk Songs, etc. The most distinctive one is Fengshun County’s new folk song "Heart in the Heart" Without trees, the heart becomes desolate.” The Zheng mode is cheerful and highly malleable, and can be shifted to enrich the musical image.

The above is a brief introduction to the unique folk songs of each county. The mode of Hakka folk songs is mainly Yu mode, which can be roughly divided into: (1) the color area along the river (including Meixian, Xingning, Jiaoling, and the areas along the Meijiang River and Hanjiang River from Dabu and Fengshun); (2) Xingping color area District (including Xingning and Pingyuan); (3) Wuhua Color District; (4) Dabu Color District. Followed by the levy-style Fengshun color area and Dabu color area. Hakka folk songs differ in language and living habits, and remote areas or influenced by neighboring provinces have formed folk songs with their own styles and characteristics.

Yongding Yongding is a place rich in folk songs and is known as the "Hometown of Folk Songs". In the long history, people have blended the Central Plains culture with the Fujian and Yue culture to create many distinctive Hakka folk songs in order to convey their voices and express their emotions.

Yongding Hakka folk songs have a long history and are rich in content. They are like a colorful garden. Various types of folk songs are colorful and colorful, such as "labor songs", "love songs", "life songs" and "current affairs songs". "And so on, giving people different enjoyment from different aspects, with endless charm.

Labor song. Labor is hard, but the Yongding Hakka people are good at using songs to stimulate their emotions and get rid of fatigue. For example, the "Song of Boatmen" circulated in Hulei, Kanshi and other places: "The boatmen are so pitiful, they live on the edge of the river day and night. "When the heavy rain comes, there is no tiles to stop it, and when the strong wind blows, there is no door." "The Song of Paperworkers" circulated in Hukeng, Guzhu and other places: "The newly built paper houses are all tall, how can there be no paper house that does not sing; make the best of the world." Commonly using paper, working hard day and night. "These lyrics are tearful, reflecting the situation of poor farmers in the old society who had to engage in hard labor due to poverty.

Love song. Among Yongding Hakka folk songs, love songs account for a large proportion. Its hot and healthy emotions, vivid metaphors, funny and concise language are like mountain springs, refreshing people's heart. For example, "Walking is like the wind blowing clouds" spread in Guzhu, Chendong and other places: "My sister was born with "The whiteness is like the red forest trees in the mountains; the speech is like the singing of orioles, and the walking is like the wind blowing clouds." The lyrics are subtle, melodious, poetic and picturesque, euphemistically expressing the feelings of boys and girls about their first love.

"Being in Prison is Like Going to a Garden", which is popular in Gaopi, Kanshi and other places: "Being in love and dying in love, don't be afraid of lawsuits before the court; beheading is like blowing your hat in the wind, and being in prison is like going in a garden." The impassioned sentence is like this. Like a ball of fire, it burns towards feudal ethics and its feudal marriage system, praising the single-minded and unswerving love between men and women. There are also Yongding love songs that reflect the standards of young men and women in selecting spouses. "Brother Qing sees that his sister will be the master of the family" which is circulated in Daxi, Xiayang and other places: "Brother Qing sees that his sister will be the master of the house." "Don't talk about money when you're in love with a man" written in Yu Peifeng, Hugang and other places: "Don't talk about money when you're in love with a man. Only when two people fall in love do you fall in love; if you talk about money and financial affairs, it will be hard to make flowers sweet and full." , straightforward, telling that finding a partner only depends on character, not money.