Ⅰ What are the self-taught undergraduate courses in preschool education?

Preschool education became an independent science, which was first proposed by the German educator F.W.A. Froebel. Under the influence of Comenius and the French Enlightenment thinker J.-J. Rousseau, he also accepted the children's education ideas of the Swiss educator J.H. Pestalozzi. In 1837, an educational institution for children aged 1 to 7 was founded in Blankenburg and named Kindergarten in 1840. Froebel systematically discussed the importance, content and methods of kindergarten education. He believes that children's development is a gradual process, education should be suitable for children's development, and education should be based on children's independent activities. He attaches great importance to the educational value of games, regards games as the main activity in kindergarten, and also designs a set of games and teaching materials. His main works include: "Human Education" (1826), "Mother's Games and Children's Songs" (1843), and "Kindergarten Pedagogy" (1862). Although Froebel's educational theory contained idealist views, he promoted the establishment of kindergartens and research on preschool pedagogy in various countries both practically and theoretically.

Ⅱ The difference between the Froebel course and the Montessori course

Froebel wedding photography deceives people when taking pictures, the clothes are very dirty and no makeup has been washed Sometimes I was forced to spend 399. The most hateful thing is that when I choose photos, I cheat people. I can only use the worst album and the other ones have to add money. In the end, I have to add more than 2,000 yuan. They will marry once in a lifetime, they will do whatever it takes to get money, they will not choose photos without adding money, unscrupulous merchants will not expose it, I am sorry to the general public

Ⅲ What four areas did Froebel divide the course into

(1) Religion Froebel believed that religion is a reflection of the human soul. The purpose of religious teaching is to cultivate students’ religious beliefs so that they can understand the relationship between man and God, always trust in God, and follow God’s will. act. Froebel believed that religion should be given priority in school education. (2) Natural common sense and mathematics Froebel believed that "whatever religion talks about and expresses, nature will show and express." Froebel: "Human Education", page 110. Nature is the embodiment of God's will; only by believing in God can we understand nature; only Christians can study nature. Everything in nature is interconnected and unified; nature should be understood as a whole; children should be allowed to understand the relationship between things and master basic natural common sense in the process of observing and contacting nature. Mathematics occupies an extremely important position in nature teaching, because it belongs to both humans and nature, and is the medium between humans and nature, the internal world and the external world, and thinking and feeling; it is a product of thinking and at the same time reflects the natural world. The unity of number, shape, and quantity constitutes an indivisible trinity. Therefore, Froebel believed that education without mathematics is untenable and incomplete. (3) Language Froebel believed that religion and nature belong to two different worlds, the internal and external worlds respectively, and what connects these two worlds is language. The three form an inseparable unity, and their common purpose is to reveal the inner essence, and this role of language is more obvious. Language, like mathematics, also has a dual nature. It is not only a manifestation of human spiritual activities, but also has certain natural attributes, such as words, pronunciation, etc. Froebel further pointed out that writing and reading exercises play an important role in language teaching. Only by learning to write and read can people become persons with personality, children become real students, and schools can become real schools. Therefore, children must spend some effort in reading and writing. (4) Art Froebel pointed out that in addition to pursuing religion and nature, people also pursue human self-expression, that is, the expression of human inner life. This is art. The purpose of art teaching is not to cultivate artists, but to cultivate students' art appreciation ability so that people can develop comprehensively and fully.

According to the different materials and methods of artistic expression, Froebel divided art into three types: music, painting, and sculpture. He pointed out that children show the budding artistic talents at an early age, such as expressing themselves through color and painting. Therefore, art education should be carried out from an early age as a formal subject in schools.

Ⅳ Brief description of Froebel’s preschool education thoughts

1. Principles of children’s self-development

Froebel believed that children’s behavior is the expression of their inner life form , is governed by intrinsic motivation. Through these behaviors, young children can grow and develop. The task of the caregiver is to help young children remove obstacles that hinder life development and allow them to develop themselves. Commanding, coercive, and interfering educational methods are ineffective for the development of young children, and children's autonomy must be respected. Pay attention to children's self-activity.

2. Game theory

Froebel was the first person to clarify the educational value of games. The toy he made was named "Enwu", which means "thing gifted by God", and it is still used in many kindergartens. In order to commemorate Froebel's contribution, people built a monument for him. The shape of the monument imitated the spheres, cylinders, etc. in "The Gift".

3. Coordination Principle

Froebel said that man does not exist alone. He is a member of the family, a member of society, and a member of the nation. A part of the universe. Therefore, we should integrate and harmonize children with the surrounding environment, society, and nature. Being able to have real coordination is the most beautiful thing.

4. Parent-child education

Froebel believed that in order for children to grow in love, they must first educate their mothers. This may be an experience of not receiving maternal love when he was young. Therefore, he founded the world's first "seminary" for mothers, and later wrote a special book "Songs of Mothers and Caresses".

5. Clarify the tasks of kindergarten

Froebel pointed out that preschool children should be trained through intuitive methods to enable them to participate in necessary activities, develop their physiques, and exercise their external senses , so that they can grow in the game.

6. The four instincts of children

Froebel believed that children have four instincts. The first is the instinct of activity (that is, a creative instinct), The second is the cognitive instinct (that is, the instinct to reveal all things), the third is the artistic instinct (that is, the instinct to create art), and the fourth is the religious instinct, which is the destination of the first three categories of instincts. The task of education is to promote the development of children's inner instincts in order to cultivate children's initiative and creativity. Therefore, he divided the curriculum into four major areas: religion and religious education, natural education and mathematics, language and language education, and art and art education. .

(4) Extended reading on Froebel’s curriculum evaluation:

Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel, a German educator, is recognized as the 19th One of the most important European educators of the 20th century. The originator of modern preschool education. He not only founded the first preschool education institution called "kindergarten", but his educational thoughts still dominate the basic direction of preschool education theory. Froebel's educational thoughts and practices have had a profound impact on the development of early childhood education in various countries around the world.

Preschool education is a systematic, planned and scientific treatment of children's brains by parents and kindergarten teachers using various methods and objects to gradually improve the functions of various parts of the brain. education.

Preschool education is one of the important contents of preschool pedagogy and is part of the scientific system that constitutes preschool pedagogy. Children are the basic stage of intellectual development in life and the period of fastest development. Appropriate and correct preschool education plays a great role in children’s intelligence and their future development. The formation and development of extraordinary children are all related to appropriate and correct preschool education, especially preschool education in terms of intelligence.

Preschool intellectual education is a multi-faceted training process. The mental development of children at this age is extremely immature and requires active guidance from parents and kindergarten teachers.

Many children today are only children with strong self-awareness, lack of care for others, and do not know how to share. Therefore, as parents and kindergarten teachers, we should actively guide children to learn to care for others, learn to share, and be willing to share.

Basic requirements that should be followed when implementing education for children aged 0 to before entering primary school. The principles of kindergarten education are: physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic development should be interpenetrated and organically combined; follow the rules of children's physical and mental development, conform to the age characteristics of children, pay attention to individual differences, teach according to individual needs, and guide children's personality Healthy development; open to all children; loves children and adheres to positive education that actively encourages, inspires and induces.

Reasonably and comprehensively organize all aspects of educational content, and penetrate into various activities of children's daily life, giving full play to the interaction of various educational methods; creating a good environment suitable for education, and providing Children are provided with opportunities and conditions for activities and performance abilities, with games as the basic activities and education integrated into various activities.

Reference link: Internet-Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel

Ⅳ Early education concept: Montessori, Logic Dog, Froebel, Orff, what do they mean?

The theories of early childhood education generally include Montessori, Froebel, Orff and multiple intelligences. Because early childhood education is currently not included in the national education system in China. The curriculum of various early childhood education centers is also uneven. Generally offered courses include: Montessori mathematics and physics courses; Montessori sensory courses; Orff music courses; Parent-child education courses. Some early childhood education centers are more professional and can design their own curriculum content based on these early childhood education theories and the laws of children's growth and development, but the system is generally based on these theoretical foundations. For example, Xinxin Early Education has set up curriculum content that combines children's handicraft courses, sensory and music courses. Most early childhood education centers, such as Oriental Baby-friendly, New Baby-friendly, Gymboree, etc., have different brands, and the course content is also uneven, which depends to a certain extent on the teaching level and professional quality of the teachers. The quality of the franchise park's courses depends on the training effect and teaching support provided by the headquarters to the franchise park, as well as the teaching level and professional quality of the classroom.

Ⅵ What are the main contents of the foundation of kindergarten sociology

The basic knowledge system of kindergarten curriculum: The foundation of the curriculum refers to the influence of curriculum objectives, curriculum content, curriculum implementation and curriculum evaluation main factors. Compared with general school curriculum, kindergarten curriculum has its own special features, mainly as follows: 1. Early education programs focus more on the physical and mental development needs of individual children, rather than placing more emphasis on social needs and knowledge systems; 2. Early education The program focuses more on the acquisition of children's direct experience rather than the transfer of indirect knowledge; 3. The early education program focuses more on the development of the "whole child" rather than the development of a certain aspect. 1. The psychological basis of kindergarten curriculum (1) School of psychology and kindergarten curriculum 1. Cognitive psychology and kindergarten curriculum (1) Piaget’s theory and kindergarten curriculum ① Overview of Piaget’s knowledge construction theory Piaget is interested in The study of epistemology. When discussing the outstanding contribution of Piaget's theory to the study of children's cognitive development, neo-Piagetian Case (R) summarized the core ideas of Piaget's theory into five aspects: A pair in the same Children of different ages often acquire formally similar understandings in different fields, which can be explained as: because these understandings require the use of the same basic logical structure; B The determined sequence of wisdom development is universal, which can be explained as: higher level The logical structure of C is composed of lower-level structures, so it follows a certain logical sequence; C's certain understanding of underage children that has not yet been demonstrated can be explained as: only when a certain level of logical structure is constructed Only after this is completed can children acquire this understanding, and the construction of this logical structure takes a long time; D. There are parallel phenomena between infants' earliest motor learning and the more complex forms of learning that appear later. E Finally, children must obtain certain preparations before they can benefit from a certain experience, which can be explained as: before children have not obtained the appropriate logical structure, it is impossible to benefit from a certain experience because they have not yet assimilated it. internal mechanism.

Hall, known as the father of the child study movement, conducted research on child development that reflected the view that development is based on heredity. Hall's research inherited Darwin's theory of evolution. He believed that "individual development replicates the process of germline development." Hall is considered a pioneer in establishing a child-centered educational philosophy, which advocates that education should conform to children's nature and development patterns rather than following external rules. 3. Psychoanalytic theory and kindergarten curriculum Psychoanalytic theory is a school of psychology pioneered by Freud. Psychoanalytic theory grew out of early claims about the unconscious. Freud divided human psychology into three areas: consciousness, preconsciousness and subconsciousness, and based on this, he proposed the theory of personality structure. Freud believed that personality is composed of three parts: id, ego and superego. The id is the structural part of the subconscious, which is eager to find a way out and requires satisfaction as soon as possible. The ego is the structural part of consciousness, which is mainly responsible for the id. control and suppression; the superego is the highest level of personality, which guides and limits the self. 4. Behaviorism Theory and Kindergarten Curriculum (1) Overview of Theory Behaviorism theorists oppose introspection and deny consciousness. They believe that research on human psychology should focus on observable behaviors and advocate the use of experimental methods for research. Skinner, a representative figure of new behaviorism, adhered to Watson's early behaviorism position in many aspects and believed that the task of behavioral scientists is to establish a functional relationship between the conditions controlled by the experimenter and the response of the organism. Skinner proposed the principle of operant conditioning and designed various applied techniques based on the principle of reinforcement. (2) Application of behaviorism in kindergarten curriculum Before the 1960s, behaviorism theory was the mainstream of psychology around the world, and it had an important influence on education, including preschool education. For example, the goal model of kindergarten curriculum is based on behaviorist psychology. From behavioral goals, course content to course evaluation, the classic procedures of the goal model are constituted. In particular, the establishment of behavioral goals becomes the logical starting point of the goal model. (2) The influence of psychology on kindergarten curriculum 1. Equating development theory with educational theory, and equating the question of "what is" with the question of "what should be" actually reduces the objectivity of development theory as a science; 2 Taking development as the result of education emphasizes what children can do rather than what children should do. The question of what children should do is the most educational and needs to be clarified from a philosophical and ethical perspective, rather than what development theory requires. can be solved; 3. Over-reliance on development theory will cause educators to put aside issues of social value; 4. Reliance on development theory to determine educational goals will obscure the political tendency of teaching content and is intended to point out the choice of courses. It should be determined by developmental suitability rather than political and moral priorities; 5. There are two assumptions in any development theory. One is the part about child development and behavior that can be explained and predicted by developmental theory. More than any other theory to explain and predict, the second is to recognize that