in music works composed of melody and chords, chords are often composed of "concord" sounds, that is, pleasant, peaceful, non-irritating and stable music sounds. However, chords can also be composed of really harsh tones with changing levels, that is, "dissonant", "active" and "unstable" tones. This dissonant chord is used by composers to create tension, while the harmonious chord is used to relieve this tension, and the rhythm from one chord to another is the whole connotation of harmony.
using harmony in tonic music is a type of structure, but it is not the only type. Structure can also be created by using the ancient musical technique of "counterpoint", also known as "note-to-note". In this kind of music, depth is not achieved by adding chords to one melody, but by overlapping one melody with another, so that people can hear both melodies at the same time. Singing songs such as "Three Blind Micwe" is a simple polyphony. If two or more "voices" are used at the same time, the music created by this technique is called polyphonic, and "poly" means "Xu".
Bach is universally recognized as the king of polyphony (which is not surprising, because he is the king of many other aspects), even though he was born in 1685, when polyphony I had existed for hundreds of years. In fact, at that time, first in Italy, and then in other parts of Europe, polyphony was beginning to be supplemented and/or replaced by tonic music with single melody and chord. Italians who always gather in the opera house find that. Compared with polyphony, singers and listeners prefer a single melody with chords.
Polyphony skills enable people to find and understand a strong melody in the works of Bach and other composers (or modern Bach/Baroque composers who constantly emerged and founded the Bach school in the 2th century), which is much more difficult than finding and understanding the melody in the single melody works of classical and romantic composers. In polyphonic music, listen carefully to one set of instruments playing one tune, and other instruments (or "voices") play a second tune and maybe a third tune at the same time. You can recognize and keep up with these different tunes, and they are there.
There is a third word, which is neither polyphony nor tonic music with melody and chord. It is "monophonic". "mono" means "one". This is a simple music of one voice-you can sing a string of notes alone in the shower, and thousands of people can also sing the same string of notes at the same time. There is no chord, so there is no harmony; There is no synchronized second melody, so there is no polyphony. All the music before 1 was monophonic music, including Christian music around 1 AD, and the peak of this music was Gregorian chants.
Webster's Dictionary defines rhythm as "an aspect of music, which includes all the factors related to the progress of music (such as stress, beat and speed)". "Progress" is a key word here, and rhythm is the progress of music. In fact, the word rhythm is derived from the Greek word "rhein" or "flow". Breathing is rhythmic, so are the ebb and flow of the tide, the ticking of clocks and the clicking of train wheels. J.S. Bach's "Brandenburg Concerto" has a "distinct and powerful" rhythm.
What we beat with our feet is rhythm, which is "the order of the tunes". The beat of "Tear for Two" with feet is different from that of "Happy Days Are Here Again" which the Democratic Party of the United States never tires of at the presidential nomination meeting. The rhythm of johann strauss's waltz "Blue Danube" is also different from that of sailor's song. The frequency, regularity and duration of beats are different. Gregorian hymns have "free rhythm", and the rhythm of their music is closely followed by the rhythm of language. Baroque works such as Vivaldi's Four Seasons and Bach's Brandenburg Concerto have a steady and clear rhythm. One of the outstanding features of music in the 2th century is that the folk and unconventional "peasant" rhythm was adopted in the works of composers such as Bartok of Hungary and Stravinsky of Russia.
The rhythms of Bartok's Miraculous Mandarin and Stravinsky's Rite of Spring have never been heard in Mozart's sonatas or Schubert's symphonies. Debussy, an impressionist composer, introduced a flowing rhythm in works like Clairde lune, because he didn't want his music to have a fixed and unchangeable direction.
one of the elements of rhythm is meter, which is defined as "rhythm measured and arranged systematically". Composers can choose two beats, three beats or four beats and so on. Makelis, who is both a professor and a writer, put forward several common examples in The Enjoyment of Music, such as; When singing "twinkle, twinkle, twinkle", you can hear and feel the beat of one/twinkle, one/two, one/two.
another element of rhythm is tempo. The beat explains what stress is, but it doesn't explain how fast or how slow it is to play these stresses. The composer marks symbols on the score to tell the player how fast or how slow the music should be played. They usually use traditional Italian words or words.
examples (synonyms) constitute sound (phonetic name) and chord name construction rules
C(Cmaj)=1, 3, 5(C, e, g) major triad's third degree+third degree tone harmony, clear
Cm=1,b3,5(C, BE, g) minor chords, minor chords, minor chords and major triad tones are in harmony, and the sound effect is dim.
Caug (c+) = 1,3, #5(C, e, #G) adding minor chords, major triad tones and major triad tones are out of harmony. Have a sense of expansion
Cdim(C-, c) = 1, b3, b5(C, bE, bG) minus triad and minor triad+minor triad, and have a sense of contraction
C7=1, 3, 5, b7(C,E,G, BB) Major seventh chord+minor third+minor third. The seventh note of chord+flat semitone
Cdim7=1, b3, b5, bb7(C, bE, bG, bbB) minus seventh chord minus triad+minus seventh note of root
CMAJ7 (CM7) = 1, 3. 7(C,E,G,B) major seventh chord major third+minor third+seventh note major triad+seventh note
C6=1,3,5,6(C,E,G, A) major sixth and major third+minor third+sixth note major triad+sixth note
C9=1,3,5,b7,2(C,E,G,bB, D) the ninth chord belongs to the seventh chord+the ninth note
C69=1,3,5,6,2(C,E,G,A,D) the major triad+the sixth note+the ninth note
C11=1,3,5, B7,2,4(C,E,G,bB,D,F) 11th chord belongs to 7th chord+9th degree tone+11th degree tone
C13 = 1,3,5, B7,2,4,6 (c, e, g, bb, d, f, A) when playing thirteenth chords, some notes can be deleted as needed
Cmaj9=1,3,5,7,2(C,E,G,B,D) major ninth chord+ninth degree note
C7-5(alt C7)=1,3,b5,b7(C, E,bG,bB,) is a seventh chord, and the fifth octave of the seventh chord is reduced by a semitone, and
C7+9=1,3,5,b7,#2(C,E,G,bB,#D) is a seventh-increased ninth chord, and the ninth octave of the seventh chord is a seventh chord+an ascending semitone, and it is a
C7-9. B2(C,E,G,bB,bD) is a seventh minus nine chord, which is composed of the ninth degree of seventh chord+flat semitone.
Cm6=1,b3,5,6(C,bE,G, A) minor sixth chord minor chord+sixth degree note
Cm7=1,b3,5,b7(C,bE,G,bB) minor seventh chord minor chord+seventh degree note in a flat note,
Caug7=1,3, #5,b7(C,E,#G,bB) The augmented seventh chord consists of the augmented chord and the seventh octave of the semitone
Caug9=1,3,#5,b7,2(C,E,#G,bB, D) the ninth-increased chord consists of the seventh-increased chord+the ninth-degree note
caug11 = 1, 3, # 5, B7, 2, 4 (c, e, # g, bb, d, f) and the eleventh-increased chord consists of the seventh-increased chord+the ninth-degree note+the eleventh-degree note
cm7-5 (alt cm7. A minor seventh chord with b7(C,bE,bG,bB) changes the fifth degree of the minor seventh chord by a semitone to form
C9-5 (Altc9) = 1, 3, B5, B7, 2 (c, e, BG, bb, d), and a minor ninth chord changes the fifth degree of the ninth chord by a semitone to form
. G,bB,D) Xiao Jiu chord consists of minor chord+ninth degree
Csus4=1,4,5(C,F, G) hanging the fourth chord and changing the third tone of major triad into the fourth tone
c7ssus4 = 1, 3, 5, B7, 4 (c, e, g, bb, F) The seven-chord-hanging chord is composed of the seven-chord+the fourth degree
cm7sus4 = 1, B3, 5, B7, 4 (c, be, g, bb, f). The seven-chord-hanging chord is composed of the seven-chord+the fourth degree.
Elementary knowledge of chord arrangement
The most commonly used chords in guitar accompaniment are juniors. Small three, seven, seven, nine chords, etc. Here, we only briefly introduce the arrangement rules and musical functions of some triads and seven chords.
For folk guitar playing, these two chords are enough
I (1,3,5) major chords, which are used at the beginning and end of songs, with clear colors and broad
II (2,4,5). 7) It is often used before or after the V7 chord, and the color is dim
IV (4,6,1) is often used between the I chord and the V chord. The sound is firm and tends to be unstable, and it often appears in the climax of the melody chorus.
V (5,7,2) is often used before the V7 chord or before the I chord, and the color is warm, and it is often used to set off the climax
VI (. There is a tendency to IV chord, and its function is similar to I chord
II7(2,4,6,1) is often used after I chord and VI7 chord, while its unstable function is similar to II chord < p p>III7(3,#5,7,2) is often used before I chord or VI chord, which is extremely unstable and has a strong demand for stability, and its function is similar to III chord
. The most unstable
VI7(6,#1,3,5) is often used before II and VII chords, with the characteristics of leaning towards II and VII chords, and its function is similar to VI chords
Big II7(2,#4,6,1) is often used before V chords and V7 chords, with the characteristics of leaning towards V chords and V7 chords, and its function is similar to II chords
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