Caruso (Enrico Carm, 1873 ~ 1921) Italian tenor singer. He studied in Wilchen and Lombardy. In 1895, he debuted on stage as a baritone in "Faust" in his hometown of Naples. In 1898, he sang the tenor role for the first time as Rolles in "Fedula". Later, he traveled to Genoa, St. Petersburg and other places to sing and was very popular. In 1904, he went to the Abbey Garden Opera House in England to perform and became famous in one fell swoop. He has practiced hard all his life and performed more than 50 operas. He has sung more than 600 performances in New York in ten years. He can perform more than 500 pieces at any time. His voice is both strong and loud, soft and sweet, and he has good breath control and timing. The syntax is perfect, and even long phrases can be sung with ease. Known as "the greatest tenor of all time". After undergoing throat surgery in 1909, he returned to the singing scene in 1913. Although he was still warmly welcomed, it was not as good as before. Died in Naples in 1921. He is the first singer to record a record, has made movies, and is good at sculpture and comics. The author of the book "Singing Method" has been handed down to the world.

Fedor lvanovlch ChaliAPIN (1873 ~ 1938) Russian bass singer. Born into a poor peasant family in Kazan. When he was young, he worked as a shoemaker's apprentice and a shop scribe, and also played a supporting role in a traveling opera troupe in other provinces. In 1892, he studied vocal music with Usatov in Tiflis. The following year he debuted on the opera stage. In 1894 he was recruited by the Petersburg Maria Theater Opera Company. In 1896, he performed a series of Russian operas and Italian and French operas at the Mamontov Opera House in Moscow, which was highly praised. Performed at La Scala in Milan in 1901 and 1904. Since then, he has continued to perform in major cities in Europe and the United States, gaining a high international reputation. After the October Revolution, he served as artistic director of the Maria Theater. In 1922, he was allowed to tour abroad, and later lived abroad and died in Paris. Known for his excellent singing and acting skills, his expressiveness in music and his vivid depiction of characters, he is the most outstanding representative figure in the history of Russian sound and light. She is good at singing songs such as "The Song of the Volga Boatmen", "Persian Love Song", "The Two Grenadiers", etc.; she is good at playing roles such as Susanin, Boris, the Miller, Basilio, and Mephistopheles.

Tita RuffO (1877-1953) real name: Ruffo Cafiero Tita. Italian baritone singer. Born in Pisa. He studied vocal music from Persichini at the Conservatory of Santa Cecilia in Rome, and further studied with Cassini in Milan. In 1898, he debuted in Rome playing the role of Herald in "Lohengrin". Later he went to Rio de Janeiro to perform. After returning to China, he toured in major opera houses in Italy and in Paris, Vienna, London and other places. It premiered in Philadelphia in 1912) and appeared on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 1922. He returned to Rome in 1926 and was summoned for opposing Mussolini's reactionary rule in 1937. He later moved to Florence until his death. Its volume is huge, its high range is clear, and its acting skills are quite good. Author of the book "My Fable".

Tito SchIPA (1889～1965) Italian tenor singer. Born in Rekiwo. She has had an excellent child's voice since she was a child. When she was young, she studied under the amateur singer Gelenda and the famous Milan vocal teacher Piccoli. He made his debut in Vercelli in 1911 as Alfred in "La Traviata". Later, he often performed in famous opera houses in Milan, Chicago, New York and other places. He settled in the United States in his later years. She is good at performing lyrical roles in operas such as "La Traviata", "The Barber of Seville", "Mignon" and "Manyi". His voice is soft and sweet, his emotions are sincere and enthusiastic, his processing is meticulous, and his taste is elegant, which leaves an unforgettable impression on people. He is recognized as one of the best tenors of this century and a master of singing Neapolitan songs.

AmoIlta Ofilli-Onrci (AmoIlta Ofilli-Onrci, 1882--1963) was an Italian soprano. Born in Milan. In 1903, he graduated with honors from the Milan Conservatoire majoring in piano and composition. He relied on self-taught to acquire superb vocal skills. In 1909, she made her debut in Milan as Gilda in Rigoletto.

The following year, he went to South America and Italy to perform. After the outbreak of World War I, he went to the United States and debuted in "Rigoletto" in Chicago. In 1921, she starred in "La Traviata" at the Metropolitan Opera House and sang there for ten years. In his later years he settled in California. She is a typical coloratura soprano in the early part of this century, good at performing lyrical roles in Italian and French operas, such as Mimi, Lakme, Juliet, etc.

Beniamino Gigli (890-1957), Italian tenor. Born in Recanati. He worked as a church singer when he was young, and later entered the Conservatoire of Santa Cecilia in Rome to study vocal music from Rosati. In 1914, he won the first prize in the Parma International Singing Competition. In the same year, he made his stage debut in Rovigo, near Hamnes, playing the role of Enzo in "Songela". Later he went to perform in Turin, Rome and other places. In 1918, he sang at La Scala. From 1920, he sang at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York for twelve consecutive seasons and was warmly welcomed. During this period, he also performed in various countries in Europe and the United States. He returned to Italy in his later years and held a farewell concert in Rome in 1955. He is one of the most beautiful tenor singers of the 20th century. When singing, her voice is soft, free and easy, and her emotions are warm and sincere, which can break the barrier between herself and the audience. He is good at performing lyrical-dramatic or lyrical roles in Verdi, Puccini and other operas.

Alexander Kipnis (1891~) Russian bass singer. Born in Ukraine. As a child, he sang soprano in the children's opera house. He graduated from the Warsaw Conservatory of Music in 1912 and served as a conductor in the military band. His descendants studied vocal music from Grenzebach at the Kleedworth-Shalvinga Conservatoire in Berlin. In 1915, he made his debut on stage in Hamburg singing Weber's "Free Shooter". Later he performed in Wiesbaden, Berlin, the United States and other places. After 1932, he sang at the Berlin State Opera. In 1937, he went to the United States to perform with the Wagner Festival Singer Group. In 1939, he was hired as a principal actor at the Metropolitan Opera House. The voice is broad, full, deep and powerful. In addition to opera, he is also a highly accomplished art song singer.

Paul Robeson (1898-1976) was an American bass singer, actor, and social activist. Born into a slave-born black priest family in Princeton. While a student at Mulville High School, he participated in performances of Shakespeare's plays. During his college studies, he worked as a football coach and athlete. Graduated from Columbia University Law Department in 1923. Since then, he has been engaged in acting and filming movies. In 1925, he held the first black spiritual recital at the Harlan Theater in New York, attracting attention from all walks of life for his excellent vocal talent and artistic ability. In the 1930s and 1940s, he visited the front lines of the Spanish Civil War and visited the Soviet Union to perform. He is proficient in many languages ??and can sing in more than 20 languages ??including English, French, Chinese and Russian. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War in my country, the "March of the Volunteers" was sung in Chinese to show sympathy and support. In his later years, he became paralyzed and bedridden at home. He died of cerebral hemorrhage in Philadelphia. The book "Here I Stand" expresses his firm belief in scientific socialism, and the essay "Songs of the Black Nation" explains the close connection between folk songs and national characteristics and national customs.

Om Kulghum (1898～1975) was an Egyptian mezzo-soprano singer. Born into a poor peasant family in Mansoura Province. He has been fond of singing since he was a child. He studied vocal music in Cairo at the age of sixteen. At the same time, he read widely and sought advice from experts in literature and poetry. She sang for the Arab people in popular language, and was famous for her beautiful and rich tone, her emotional integration with the audience, and her continuous singing for two or three hours without any loss of color. There is another voice behind the voice that people admire her. Her voice contains her personality, her personality contains her spirit, and there is a huge will power in her spirit. He has been singing for fifty years and has more than 700 repertoires. He has won the highest awards such as the National Honor Award and the First Class Art Award from various Arab countries. When she died in 1975, the entire Arab world expressed deep regret, and the Egyptian government announced a state funeral for her. On the day of the burial, millions of people turned out in Cairo, with national leaders at the forefront of the funeral procession.

Liy Pons (1904~) French soprano singer. Early years in Paris.

Conservatory majoring in piano. At the age of twenty-one, he began to study vocal music from Gorostiaga. Three years later, she made her debut as Lakme in Mulhouse, Alsace. In 1981, she became famous on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera House in the United States with her role as Lucia in "Lucia di Lammermoor". From 1931 to 1938, he performed at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York and the Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires. At the same time, he also traveled and performed throughout Europe and the United States. He became an American citizen in 1940. In 1972, he held a successful solo concert in his later years, accompanied by the New York Philharmonic Orchestra. With a beautiful, smooth voice, a high degree of flexibility, a wide vocal range, and vivid expressions, she was one of the most popular coloratura sopranos in the West in the first half of this century. Lucia, Lakme, Yulda, Rosina, Mignon, Amina, etc. are her best roles.

Jussi Bjorling (1911～1960) Swedish tenor singer. Born Stora Duna. At the age of six, he performed in quartets with his father and brother in various countries in Europe and the United States. He studied at the Royal Academy of Music and the Royal Stockholm Opera School. In 1930, he made his first false appearance. After her successful performance of "Aida" at the Vienna State Opera in 1935, she was hired by major European and American opera houses and record labels. In 1938, he played Rudolf in "The Artist's Life" at the Metropolitan Opera. The following year, he played Manrico in "Il Trovatore" at the Abbey Gardens Opera House in London. After that, he returned to Sweden. It was not until the end of World War II that he returned to the Metropolitan Opera House and performed on opera stages in Europe and the United States. The sound is beautiful, the feelings are sincere, the taste is elegant, and it is full of calm thinking and unrestrained enthusiasm. He is recognized as the most famous singer of this century besides Caruso and Gili.

Leonard Warren (1911~1960) was an American baritone singer. Born in New York. He learned singing from Stone and went to Italy for further studies. In 1939, he appeared on the stage of the Metropolitan Opera in New York as Pavolo in Simon Boccanegra. Later, he performed in famous opera houses in Europe and America. He performed more than 600 performances in his life and played the main roles in 26 operas. The voice is beautiful, soft yet solid and unrestrained, full of dramatic qualities. Considered one of the most outstanding contemporary baritones. Passed away suddenly on August 4, 1960 during the performance of "Force of Destiny".

Kathleen Ferrier (1912～1953) was a British mezzo-soprano singer. Born in Upper Walton, Lancashire. He first learned piano and once made a living as a telephone operator. He began to learn singing at the age of twenty-five and appeared as a soloist in 1943. After premiering "The Humiliation of Roclitia" at the Glyndebourne Opera Festival in 1946, it toured the United States twice. Considered the most outstanding and perfect mezzo-soprano singer in Britain. Died early due to cancer at the age of forty-one.

Tito Gobbi (1915～) Italian baritone singer. Born in Venice. He studied law at the University of Patua in his early years, and later studied singing from Crimea in Milan and Rome. In 1938, he started singing on stage in Rome with the role of Armand in "La Traviata". In 1942, he appeared on the stage of La Scala. Later, he sang in major opera houses in Europe and America. In 1952, Berg's "Wozzeck" was performed in Milan. In 1965, she played Scarpia in "Tosca" for the first time at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. He is good at performing operas by Verdi and Puccini, and is famous for his excellent singing and acting skills.

Mario del Monaco (1915~) Italian tenor. Born in Florence. When he was young, he lived in Pesaro, Rossini's hometown, and was influenced by his mother who loved music. He made his informal debut on stage at the age of thirteen. He later studied painting and sculpture at the Pesaro School of Fine Arts, and also studied vocal music at the Rossini Conservatoire. Piano, theory and music history. At the age of twenty, at the invitation of the famous conductor Seraphim, he entered the Rome Opera House as a graduate student. He began his stage career in 1911 and has since continued to perform in major opera houses in Europe and the United States. With its huge volume, beautiful timbre and profound artistic expression, it is known as the "golden trumpet".

He is famous for his ability to play lyrical-dramatic and dramatic roles in operas by Verdi and Puccini, such as Otello and Cavaradossi.

EliIzabeth Schwarzkopf (1915~) German soprano. Born in Jarocin, near Poznań, Poland. Spend his childhood in Poland. In 1932, he studied vocal music at the Berlin Higher Music School, as well as theory, composition, piano and viola. When he graduated in 1938, he won the League of Nations Award with outstanding results. Later he was recruited as a soloist at the Berlin Opera. The first role that stood out was that of Zebineta in Arianna on Naxos. Her outstanding performance led to an invitation from the Vienna State Opera. Starting in 1947, she switched from coloratura soprano to lyric soprano and made her debut on the stage of La Scala. In 1951, she was the first female lead in Stravinsky's opera "The Hustler" when it premiered. She made her debut as Marthaline in Der Rosenkavalier in San Francisco in 1955, and nine years later played the same role at the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The expression style is meticulous, profound and colorful. Not only explores the style and content of the work, but also has excellent syntactic treatment. He is good at performing operas by Mozart and Richard Strauss and German and Austrian art songs.

Roberto Morill (1917~) American baritone singer. Born in New York. He learned vocal music from his mother and Margolis, and initially specialized in singing light music. 1945 Winner of the Metropolitan Opera Radio Singing Competition. In the same year, she played Armand in "La Traviata" for the first time in the theater. Later she played roles such as Matador, Valentine, Figaro, Rigoletto, Jago, and Scarpia, and sang Italian and French songs. Popular main actors in the theater. During Toscanini's last radio performance in the United States, he was invited to play the leading baritone role in La Traviata and La Masquerade. Later, he had successful performances in the UK and Argentina, and was known for his smooth and bright voice, sincere and vivid emotions.

Boris Christoff (1918～) is a Bulgarian bass singer. Born in Sofia. He studied vocal music from Strazzi Ali in Rome and furthered his studies in Salzburg. She made her debut in Rome in 1946 and subsequently performed at Teatro alla Scala in Milan and Abbey Gardens Opera in London. In 1956, "Boris" was performed at the San Francisco Opera House in the United States. Gozhunov", he was once hailed as the reincarnation of Chaliabin. Since then, he has often performed in major opera houses and famous music festivals in Europe and the United States. His vocal range is wide, the volume is huge, and he has the beauty of two different qualities: roughness and meticulousness. He is good at performing Russian operas and lyrical solos, as well as bass roles in Verdi and Wagner operas. The original treatment of characters such as Boris, King Igor and Susanin has been recognized by the opera world.

Zara Doluhanova (1918～) real name: Zarayi. Agassievno Darukhanova. Soviet mezzo-soprano singer. Born in Moscow: 193; graduated from Gnessin Music Normal School. In 1939, she became a soloist at Yerevan Opera and Dance Theater in Armenia. In 1944, he worked in the All-Soviet Radio and Television Art Troupe. In 1959, she became the mezzo-soprano soloist of the Moscow Philharmonic Society Symphony Orchestra. In the mid-1950s, he was awarded the title of People's Artist of Armenia and the Russian Federation. He has an unusually wide vocal range and passionate and intrinsic expressive ability. He is particularly skilled in singing techniques such as fast passages and flexible scale progressions. Mainly engaged in radio and concert singing. The repertoire is extremely wide, and he is good at Russian classics, Western classical vocal music, etc.

Birgit Nilsson (1918~) Swedish soprano. Born in Karup. When I was young, I loved singing and participated in Karup local choir activities. In 1041, he entered the Royal Academy of Music in Stockholm and studied acoustics from Hislop. He made his debut at the Royal Swedish Opera House in 1946, playing the role of Agatha in "Shooters" and received critical acclaim. After 1948, he performed a series of opera masterpieces and won high international reputation. Participated in Glyndebourne Opera Festival in 1951.

Since then, she has successfully sung Wagner's "Twilight of the Gods", "The Ring of the Nibelungs" and other plays, and is recognized as the most outstanding contemporary soprano singer after Flagstad to sing Wagner's musicals. . From 1956 to 1958, he sang in San Francisco, New York, Milan and other places. Due to his profound skills, he is still active in the front line of performances, and his artistic quality remains the same as before.

F4ranco Corelli (1921~) Italian tenor. Born in Ancona, his father was a church choir director. He had an extraordinary childlike voice since he was a child, and later worked as a draftsman. At the age of thirty, he won the prize in the vocal competition at the Florence May Music Festival and made his debut in Spoleto in 1952. He later performed at La Scala and the Abbey Gardens Opera House in London, and became a mainstay at the Metropolitan Opera in New York in 1960. His voice is smooth, generous and resonant, with a wide range, full of passion and grace, ranking among the best contemporary tenors. He is competent in lyrical-dramatic and dramatic tenor roles. He is also good at singing Neapolitan songs and has recorded them.

Giuseppe di Stefano (1921~) Italian tenor singer. Born in Morta, a suburb of Catania, Sicily. I have loved singing since childhood. When he was in high school in Milan, he formally studied vocal music from Louis Montesanto. He was drafted into the army during World War II. When the troops were ordered to deploy in Germany, he fled to Switzerland and performed several "start-up" performances in Switzerland. After the war, he returned to Milan to continue his vocal studies. Since then, he has continued to perform in world-famous opera houses such as La Scala and the Metropolitan Opera. His warm, lyrical and charming timbre and his passionate, sincere and touching emotions made him as famous as Monaco in the 1950s and the first half of the 1960s. In addition to opera, he is also good at singing Neapolitan songs.

Renata Tebaldi (1922--) Italian soprano. Born in Lansilano, Parma. He grew up with his mother who was a singer. He started learning piano at the age of thirteen. At the age of seventeen, he transferred from the Pesaro Conservatory to the Conservatoire of Parma to study voice from Melis. He began his stage career in 1944 with the role of Yelena in "Mephistopheles". In 1946, he was recommended by Karajan to participate in performances at La Scala. Since then, his reputation has grown and he has traveled to famous opera houses all over Europe. After singing "Othello" at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York in 1955, he became a mainstay of the theater. Her style and emotional expression are appropriate, her voice is extremely soft and smooth, coupled with her elegant demeanor and impeccable pitch, making her one of the most outstanding soprano singers of our time.

Victoria de Los Angeles (1923…) Spanish soprano. Born in Barcelona. My childhood hobbies were singing and guitar. At the age of seventeen, he entered the local music conservatory to study under Dolores Frau, and once studied vocal music at the Barumans Institute. He participated in his first opera performance at the age of eighteen and held his first recital at the age of twenty-one. In 1947, he won the first prize at the Geneva International Vocal Competition. After that, he sang "The Artist's Main Career" on the same stage with the famous tenor Giri and performed in Paris, Milan, New York and other places, with unprecedented success. Soon he became the main actor of the Metropolitan Opera House in the United States, and often traveled and performed in Italy, Britain, Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, Argentina and other countries. In 1961, Falla's opera Atranquida was performed in concert form in Barcelona, ??which was a grand event in the international music scene. The voice is smooth, full, flexible and soft, the treble is bright and lustrous, the middle vocal area is passionate and charming. He is good at revealing the hidden meaning of works, and can endow his singing with intimate lyricism and sublime poetry. She is not only a popular soprano with a wide vocal range, but also good at performing Spanish folk songs and dances.

Maria CaIlas (1923…1977) real name: Hucilia Sofia Anna Maria Calogeropoulos. Greek-American soprano singer. Born in New York.

He started learning piano at the age of eight, and began singing the arias in "Carmen" at the age of ten. At the age of thirteen, he entered the Athens Conservatory of Music in Greece to study vocal music from Hidalgo. At the age of fifteen, he shined as Santuza in "Cavalier Rusticana". In 1947, he was invited to perform the opera "The Showgirl" at the open-air amphitheater in Verona, Italy, which aroused enthusiastic responses from the audience. Since then, he has continued to perform all over the world. With his deep understanding of the role and meticulous and creative treatment, he further moved the audience. Appreciate the musical beauty and dramatic beauty of opera, and have a new understanding of bel canto-style operas of the early 19th century, such as "Sleepwalker". She has performed more than 100 operas in her life, with a wide range of volume, ranging from light coloratura soprano to the most powerful dramatic voice. She organically combines coloratura singing with strong drama and beautiful and flexible characteristics. He is good at physical performance and has sublime and timeless sculptural beauty. She is a world-recognized all-around soprano singer.

Cesare Siepi (1923~) Italian bass singer. Born in Milan. It made its debut in 1941. In 1946, he became a major actor at the world-famous La Scala Opera House in Milan. Since 1951, he has been singing at the Metropolitan Opera House in the United States for several years. He once sang a musical comedy on Broadway and became a member of the Vienna State Opera in 1966. At the same time, he performed at the Abbey Gardens Opera House in England and other important European opera performance centers. The voice is soft and plump yet upright and powerful. Tang San, Figaro and the Devil in "Faust" are his best roles.

Carlo Bergonzi (Carlo Bergonzi, 1924~) Italian tenor. Born in Parma, Verdi's hometown. Worked as a cheesemaker, truck driver and baker. I have been an opera fan since I was a child. As I got older, after working as an extra for a period of time, I decided to enter the Palma Poito Conservatory of Music to specialize in vocal music. After graduation in 1948, he played the role of Figaro (baritone) in "The Barber of Seville" for the first time. In 1950, he accidentally discovered that he could sing "high C", so he spent three months adjusting his voice and switched to singing tenor. The media voice is grand and loud, with extensive experience and knowledge, and he has excellent mastery of the "Bel Canto" technique. "Othello", "Force of Destiny", "Aida", "La Traviata", etc. are his representative plays. Considered the authoritative interpreter of Verdi's operas.

Irina Arkhipova, 1925~) Soviet mezzo-soprano singer. Born in Moscow. Graduated from Moscow Architectural College in 1948. Graduated from the Vocal Music Department of the Moscow Conservatory of Music in 1953. It made its debut at the Bolshoi Theater in 1956. Since then, he has often performed in famous opera houses in Italy, Austria, France, the United States and other countries. In 1966, he was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Soviet Union. Known for his mellow and powerful voice, rich and colorful tones, and profound and moving expressions. There are more than twenty-eight plays performed. In addition to Russian and Soviet operas, Carmen and Annelis are her favorite roles.

Dietrich FischIer-Dieskau (1925~) is a German baritone singer. Born in Berlin. He learned piano from his mother when he was young, studied vocal music from Walter, a Bach song singing expert, when he was young, and studied under Wiesenpolen at the Berlin Hochschule für Musik. He made his debut in Freiburg in 1947, singing Brahms' Requiem. He is Germany's leading baritone singer today. He is famous for singing art songs by Beethoven, Schubert, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Wolf, Richard Strauss and others. He is also good at In singing opera. The voice is clear, rich and full of life. The timbre is rich in changes, the expression is profound, and the art is meticulous. He is an interpreter of Bach and Mahler's solo songs with orchestral accompaniment, and a talented conductor.

Nicolai Gedda (1925~) Swedish tenor singer. Born in Stockholm. His father is Russian and once sang bass in the famous Don Cossack Male Choir; his mother is Swedish and is a bank clerk with considerable vocal attainments. In 1952, he made his debut on the stage in Adam's three-act comedy opera "Rangjumu's Stagecoach".

The following year, he was the leading actor when Carl Orff's opera "The Triumph of Love" premiered in Milan. Later he performed in Paris and London. Participated in the Salzburg Music Festival in 1957. In the same year, he debuted at the Metropolitan Opera House in the United States. He has a pure and sweet voice, profound and comprehensive artistic quality, pure singing style and keen sense of music. He is fluent in six languages, including Russian, German, Italian and French, and is competent in operas by Gluck, Haydn, Mozart, Wagner, Verdi, Puccini and others.

James King (1925~) is an American tenor singer. Born in Dodge, Kansas. Originally a singer in restaurants and bars. At the age of thirty-two, he switched to tenor singing as a teacher. Moved to Europe in 1961. The following year it had its premiere in Berlin and performed "Iphigenes in Olider" at the Salzburg Festival. From 1962 to 1965, he was a leading actor at the Berlin Opera in West Germany. He has performed on stage at the Vienna Music Festival, the Bayrett Opera Festival, the Vienna State Opera, the Metropolitan Opera in the United States and the Abbey Garden Opera in London: he is an American singer who is famous in Europe. , the performance repertoire is mainly German operas by Wagner, Beethoven, etc. The technique is solid and solid, and the expression is sincere and touching.

Galina Yishnevskaya (1926~) is a Soviet soprano singer. Born in Leningrad. After graduating from the Leningrad Conservatory of Music in 1944, he worked as an actor in the local operetta. He joined the Bolshoi Theater in 1952 and has played Aoletta, Aida, Tosca, Madame Butterfly, and many important roles in Russian and Soviet operas. The singing style is pure, the expression is profound, and the voice is broad, powerful, soft and clear. It enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. In 1966, he was awarded the title of People's Artist of the Soviet Union. In the same year, she played the heroine in the opera film "Katerina Ismailova". In 1973, she and her husband Rostropovich, the famous Soviet cellist and dissident, went to the West to perform, and the family was forced to live in the United States.

James McCracken (1926~) American tenor singer. Born in Kerry, Indiana. Studied at Columbia University as a youth. Played Rudolph in "The Artist's Life" at the New York City Center in 1952. The following year, he was admitted to the Metropolitan Opera as a tenor who could only play supporting roles. In 1957, he resolutely resigned and went to Europe to seek development. Later, he initially established his reputation in Zurich, Switzerland. In 1959, he went to Milan for further studies. The following year, "Othello" was performed at the Metropolitan Opera House in Europe and the United States, and was a great success. Due to Karajan's appreciation and invitation, he sang in many famous opera houses in Europe. He is a heroic tenor with a huge volume and strong power. He is good at playing roles such as Othello and Don José.

Joan Sutherland (1926,) Australian soprano. Born in Sydney. Studied at the Sydney Conservatory of Music when he was young. In 1947, he started his artistic career with a concert performance of the opera "Didon and Aeneas". He won the Australian Vocal Competition Award twice in 1949 and 1950. In 1951, he went to the Royal College of Music to further his studies, and the following year he made his stage debut at the Abbey Garden Opera House. In 1954, she married the famous conductor Boningi, and under his guidance she sang coloratura sopranos, such as Micaela, Pamina and other coloratura roles. He has performed in famous opera houses and music festivals across Europe. Gong Shao caused a sensation this year when he performed "Lucia di Lammermoor" at La Scala in Milan, with as many as 30 curtain calls, and was recognized as a model of coloratura art. Her voice is clear and translucent, gorgeous and honest, inheriting and developing the Italian bel canto singing tradition. She always combines extraordinary skills with rich emotions and profound ideological content. Even the most devoid of personality and the most instrumental sentences should be imbued with a living emotional depth without showing off her skills.

Jon Vickers (1926~) is a Canadian tenor singer. Born in South Africa, educated in Toronto. He premiered Don José in Carmen at the Stradford Festival in 1956, and later sang at Bayreuth, Vienna, San Francisco and the Metropolitan Opera in New York.

The voice is sonorous, powerful, rough and unrestrained, suitable for expressing heroic and tragic characters. Considered one of the masters of singing works by Wagner and Verdi after World War II.

Leontyneben Price (1927~) American soprano. Born in Laurel, Mississippi. Both parents are black. Originally wanting to be a teacher, he accepted Robertson's suggestion and transferred to the Juilliard School of Music in New York to study vocal music from Mrs. Kisholm. In 1952, she came to the attention of the music industry with her role as Mrs. Ford in "Falstaff." After graduation, she played the heroine Beth in "Porgy and Bess." In 1955, he was selected as the main actor in the opera "Tosca" by ABC Television Center. In 1957, Poulenc's "Dialogue of the Calmite Sisters" was performed in San Francisco, and she was recommended by the author to play the leading role. In 1958, she sang "Aida" for the first time at the Abbey Gardens Opera House in London, replacing Circhetti, and achieved unprecedented success. From then on Aida became her best role. In 1961, she made her debut as Leonora in "Il Trovatore" at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York. The voice is round, dense and colorful. Regardless of high, medium or bass, they all have "golden qualities". Her true and profound emotional expression and the introversion and tenderness of the female character have made her recognized as an outstanding "Aida" in the contemporary world.

pero Cappuccilli (pero Cappuccilli, 1929~) is an Italian baritone singer. Born in Torieste. As a child, he studied at the Conservatory of Santa Cecilia in Naples. In 1957, he made his debut at the Teatro Nuovo in Milan, playing the role of Tongnio in Pagliacci. In 1964, he performed the role of Enrico in "Lucia di Lammermoor" at La Scala, and was valued by the opera world. His voice is beautiful and loud, coupled with his wide vocal range and vivid expressions, he has become an outstanding representative of Italian baritone today. He is good at singing Verdi's operas, and his favorite roles include Simone Boccanegra, Macbeth, and Argo.

Nicolai Chaurov (1929~) Bulgarian bass singer. Born in Villingrad. In 1949, he studied vocal music from Brumbarov at the Sofia Conservatory of Music. The following year he went to the Moscow Conservatory for further studies. In 1955, he won the gold medal at the World Youth and Student Festival Classical Vocal Competition and the Grand Prize at the Paris International Vocal Competition. Later, he appeared on the opera stage in Sofia, Moscow, Vienna and other places, performing roles such as the Devil in "Faust". He made his debut at La Scala in Milan in 1959 and won critical acclaim for his role as Varlam in "Boris Godunov". Since then he has become a pillar of the academy and one of the most famous bass singers of our time. The voice is full, smooth and generous, and the singing technique is smooth and full of emotion. He is good at both Western and Russian classical opera.

Bcverly Sills (1929~) real name, Bell Silverman. American soprano singer. Born in Brooklyn, New York. He began to learn voice from Liebling at the age of twelve, and made his opera stage debut in Philadelphia at the age of seventeen. In 1955, she became famous on the stage of the New York City Opera House with her role as Rosalinda in "The Weaver" and became the theater's exclusive singer, singing for more than 20 years. In 1966, she gained great fame when she played Cleopatra in "Julius Caesar", and she has since appeared on the stages of famous European and American opera houses. She is a typical coloratura soprano. Although her voice is not loud, she can skillfully utilize the strengths of bel canto singing. With a unique style and a wide range of repertoire, he is the best contemporary actor to sing "Manyi". Not only does he have a good voice and emotion, but he is also accurate in French. He is currently the general director of the New York City Opera.