"The Book of Songs: Lingtai"

Pass by the Shilingtai and run it.

If the common people attack it, it will be accomplished in a short time.

Don’t be anxious at the beginning, the common people will come.

The king is in the spiritual confinement, and the deer is crouching.

The deer washes its hands and the white birds wash their hands.

The king is in the spiritual marsh, and the fish is jumping on the boat.

The government office is Wei Cong, and the drum is Wei Yong.

On the discussion of drums and bells, on the music of Piyong.

On the discussion of drums and bells, on the music of Piyong.

The drums and drums meet each other. Meng Xian played a memorial service to the public.

Notes:

1. Beginning of planning and construction. Lingtai: The name of the ancient platform, its original location is in the northwest of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.

2. Attack: construction.

3. Urgent: Same as "urgent".

4. Zi Lai: Come together like sons.

5. Lingxin: the name of the garden where ancient emperors kept livestock and animals.

6. Lulu: female deer.

7. Zhuo Zhuo: Fat and strong.

8. Zhuohuo: pure and white appearance.

9. Spiritual Marsh: the name of the pond.

10. Yu: Sigh: Full.

11. Ya: the wooden frame on which the bell hangs. Industry: The horizontal plank installed on the bureau. Cong: Chongya, the nail on the government office, used to hang the bell.

12. Ben: Borrowed as "鼖", a big drum.

13. Theory: Understand "ethics" and have order.

14. Pifan: The name of the palace, which is different from the "Pifan" explained by the school, see Dai Zhen's "Mao Zheng's Textual Research".

15. Alligator: Alligator, a reptile whose leather drum is very good. Every time: the sound of drums.

16. Meng: two ancient names for blind people. At that time, blind people often served as music officials and musicians. Gong: pronounced as "Ode", song. Or it can be said that through "gong", one can achieve success by performing one's merits.

Translation:

Start planning to build a memorial platform, manage the design and make arrangements.

The people worked hard to build it, and it was successfully completed in just a few days.

Don’t be in a hurry when you start planning, the people will come like a son.

The king was in the big garden, and the doe lay lazily in the shade of the trees.

The doe’s fur is fat and fine, and the white bird’s wings are really clean.

The king is in that big pond, full of fish jumping around.

The bell frame and horizontal plates are equipped with Chongya, and the drums and bells are all available.

Ah, the rhythm of bells and drums is beautiful, ah, it’s so joyful to leave the palace.

Ah, the rhythm of bells and drums is beautiful, ah, it’s so joyful to leave the palace.

The drums are beaten loudly, the blind master plays songs, and there is a band.

Appreciation:

Visitors who have been to Yuyuan Garden all know that the first building they see when entering the garden gate is called Sansui Hall, but there is a plaque hanging high inside. There are four words "Lingtai Jingshi" written on it, but not many people understand its meaning. To know what this means, we must talk about the article "Daya-Lingtai".

"Preface to Mao's Poems" says: ""Lingtai" was first attached to the people. King Wen received the order, and the people were happy that it had spiritual virtues and birds, beasts and insects." It seems that the people were used to build the spiritual platform for the king of Zhou. Pi Qi was used to illustrate that King Wen was virtuous and made the people willing to surrender. In fact, "Mencius - King Hui of Liang" says: "King Wen used the power of the people as a platform and a marsh, and the people were happy with it. They called the platform Lingtai and the marsh Lingmarsh, and they were happy that there were elk, fish and turtles. Ancient people and people "We are happy together, so we can be happy." The poetic purpose of "Lingtai" has been clearly explained. Naturally, this was from the perspective of the author at that time. If we were to speak from the perspective of today's readers, they would agree with this summary of this article: "This is a poem that describes King Wen of Zhou's building a spiritual platform and traveling to enjoy music."

This article has four chapters, the first and second chapters contain six sentences, and the third and fourth chapters contain four sentences. (Note: Mao’s poem is divided into five chapters, with four sentences in each chapter. It is not very reasonable, so I will follow Lu’s poem.) The first chapter is about building a spiritual platform. Lingtai is naturally a platform, but what kind of platform it is is not explained in most of the popular annotations. According to Zheng Xuan's notes: "The emperor has a spiritual platform, so he can observe the zodiac signs and detect the evil and auspiciousness of the qi.

"Chen Zizhan's "The Book of Songs Direct Interpretation" also said: "According to Confucius, this spiritual platform seems to be a prototype astronomical observatory for observing astronomy. It is not a time platform (meteorological observatory) for observing the four seasons, nor is it used for observing birds, animals, fish and turtles. The 忿台 (忿中grandstand) is also. "This chapter uses the sentence structure of "jingzhi", "camping", "attacking" and "chengzhi" with verbs and objects of the same pronoun, making the text very coherent and compact, showing the enthusiasm of the people to serve the king. Just as Fang Yurun said in "The Original Book of Songs": "The people's sentiments are enthusiastic, and they are reflected in the rise of work. "The fifth sentence "Don't be anxious at the beginning of the Jing" and the first sentence "Lingtai at the beginning of the Jing" also form a echo in the chapter.

The second chapter writes about Lingbo and Lingmarsh. "Zhao Zhuo" , Lu's poem "Hao Hao" means "Hao Hao". The sentence here seems to be reversed, and the sentence "White Bird Hao Hao" seems to be after the sentence "Yu Dian Yu Yu", because first, some people say "White Bird". It's an egret, some say it's a white crane, but it's a water bird anyway. It shouldn't appear before the sentence "The king is in the marsh" leads to the description of the animals in the pond. Secondly, Sun Kuang said: "The deer is frightened, but now it is lying; the fish sinks into the water." , Today is Yue, always describes his contentment and not fear of others. "(Quoted from "The Book of Songs" by Chen Zizhan) Yao Jiheng also said: "The deer is frightened and lies down, and the fish is diving and leaping. They all express their contentment and fear of others, and the writing is wonderful. " ("General Theory of the Book of Songs") This shows that the deer and the leaping fish should be symmetrical, so the sentence "Yu Dianyu leaping" should be the fifth sentence of this chapter. Thirdly, "The deer is rushing" and "The white bird is swimming" Both sentences have overlapping adjectives. Since the sentence "Lu Zhuo Zhuo" (with overlapping words) is led by the sentence "The King is in Lingbo", the sentence "White Bird Zhuozuo" must be led by the sentence "The King is in Lingbo" and should be used with it. The positions of the sentences "Lu Zhuo Zhuo" are corresponding, so that the structure of the chapters and sentences is symmetrical and balanced (this explanation is more semantically logical from a literary point of view, but there seems to be some inconsistency in the rhyme of the leaves, and the ancient poems were written by humans. In the early stages of the development of language and writing, people were not as proficient as they would be in later generations, and it was common for them to have mixed sentence patterns. Therefore, this appreciation may not be correct and is for reference only.) But regardless of whether there is an inverted second, this chapter writes about deer and birds. , write about fish, they are all concise, vivid and full of vitality, no less than the famous articles in "Guofeng" and "Xiaoya"

The third and fourth chapters are about treating carbuncle, generally. It can also be written as Biyong. Mao Zhuan interpreted it as "the water swirls like a jade" and "viewers from all directions"; Zheng Jian interpreted it as "outside the Yong (blocked) water, it is as round as a jade, and everyone who comes from all directions looks at it". "A Textual Research on Mao Zheng's Poems" says: "In this poem, Lingtai, Lingmarsh, Lingxin and Piqian are jointly named. Could it be that King Wen also left the palace? Xian Yan then stopped studying and enjoyed this. He did not need to think that he was too learned, especially before and after the poems. "According to the text, it is more credible to interpret "Piyun" (i.e. "Piyong") as a palace for the monarch to enjoy leisure and entertainment than as a school. We should follow Dai. What kind of joy can there be in the palace of Biyong? Instead of the wild pleasure of watching deer, birds and fish, there is the pleasure of listening to the music of bells and drums. The use of four characters "Yu" in succession is particularly eye-catching. The complete repetition is actually a special case of thimble rhetoric, which exaggerates the joyful atmosphere of fun.

At this point, we can return to the topic at the beginning and unveil the plaque "Lingtai Jingbei". The mystery of why Sansui Hall appears in Yuyuan Garden. Since the poem "Lingtai" is about garden tours, the word "Lingtai" has become associated with gardens, so this plaque appears in Yuyuan Garden. It can also be seen that the Book of Songs has a huge cultural impact on later generations.