The name "Modern Music School" is a general term for various schools of music and art from the 19th century to the present. In addition to the composers who still inherit the classical-romantic music tradition and create (including "socialist realism"), many new schools of anti-romanticism have emerged in professional creation. There are many names for "xxism" and "xx music", and the general trend is from polytonality to atonality, and even negating musical tones and scales, using only natural sounds, and completely breaking away from the classical aesthetic tradition. If they are classified according to the order of appearance and genre, they can be divided into three historical periods. The main genres and representative composers of each genre are listed below in order to understand the overview of European and American music in the twentieth century:

1. From the end of the 19th century to around World War I (which can be called the "modern music" period)

(1) Late Romanticism. The main writers are: Richard Strauss (Germany), Mahler (Austria), Rachmaninoff (Russia).

(2) Impressionism (advocating the use of music to depict momentary impressions obtained from the outside world, paying attention to harmonic colors). The main writers are: Debussy (France), Ravel (France), Duka (France), Respighi (Italy).

(3) Expressionism (advocates using music to express people’s inner subconscious impulses or desires, hallucinations, nightmares, etc.). The main writers are: Schoenberg (Austria), Berg (Austria), Webern (Austria), Bartok (Hungary), Scriabin (Russia). (Schoenberg and Weiburn are also the founders of atonal music. They and Berg are called the "New Viennese School").

2. From World War I to World War II (can be called the "new music" period)

(1) Primitivism (emphasis on folk music, pursuit of primitive mystery and barbaric style, and The harmony is modern). The main writers are: Bartok (Hungary), Stravinsky (Russia).

(2) New materialism (emphasis on "music is music", and can use music to express objective things, but is opposed to using music to express subjective thoughts and feelings). The main writers are: Millaud (France), Hindemith (Germany).

(3) Neoclassicism (opposing romanticism that emphasizes emotional expression, advocating a return to right classicism, focusing on the formal beauty of music itself, simple music structure, clear content, novel harmony and polyphony , music is full of objectivity). The main writers are: Stravinsky (Russia), Hindemith (Germany).

(4) Group of Six (French youth reformists, anti-impressionism and anti-romanticism). The writers include: Satie (France), Oneg (France), Milhaud (France), Franck (France), Auric (France), Taylor Fe (France).

(5) Twelve-tone doctrine (also known as the "twelve-tone system"), the twelve tones are equally important. There is no such thing as "mode", "tonality" and "tonic", the twelve tones are arbitrary Arrange them one after another, but they must not be repeated. When they appear again, there is a strict principle of sequence, and the harmonies are also used in accordance with this principle, there is no such thing as "three chords"). Writers include: Schoenberg (Austria), Berg (Austria).

(6) Socialist realism (basically inherits the tradition of classical music and adds innovation, advocating using music to reflect socialism). The main writers are: Prolfiev (Soviet Union), Shostakovich (Soviet Union).

================================

Recommended works:< /p>

Tchaikovsky's three major dance dramas: 1. "Swan Lake" 2. "The Nutcracker" 3. "Sleeping Beauty"

Mozart's three major symphonies: 1. 〈Symphony No. 39〉 (in E flat major)

2. 〈Symphony No. 40〉 (in G minor)

3. 〈No. 41 "Cupid" "Symphony" (C major)

Mozart's three operas: 1. "The Marriage of Figaro" 2. "The Magic Flute" 3. "Don Juan"

Puccini's three major operas: 1. "Tosca" 2. "Madame Butterfly" 3. "The Artist's Career"

Verdi's four major operas: 1. "Rigoletto" 2 .〈Aida〉 3.〈La Traviata〉 4.〈Trovatore〉

Four major violin concertos:

1. Beethoven's "Violin Concerto in D major" 2. Mendelson's "Violin Concerto in E minor"

3. Tchaikovsky's "Violin Concerto in D major" 4. Brahms's "Violin Concerto in D major" < /p>

Five Piano Concertos

1. Beethoven's "Emperor" Piano Concerto> (E flat major)

2. Tchaikovsky's " "Piano Concerto No. 1 in B flat minor"

3. Rachmaninoff's "Piano Concerto No. 2 in C major"

4. Schumann's "Piano Concerto in E minor" ”

5. Liszt’s “Piano Concerto No. 1”

Six major symphonies:

1. Beethoven’s “Symphony of Destiny” (No. Symphony No. 5)

2. Beethoven’s “Pastoral Symphony” (Symphony No. 6)

3. Schubert’s “Unfinished Symphony” (Symphony in B minor) (Music)

4. Dvo?ák's "New World Symphony" (Symphony No. 9)

5. Tchaikovsky's "Pathétique Symphony" (No. Six Symphonies)

Sixth, Berlioz’s “Symphonie Fantastique”