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What are the intangible cultural heritages of Quanzhou? What are the intangible cultural heritages of Quanzhou?

1. Quanzhou Nanyin: Quanzhou Nanyin is the oldest existing traditional ancient music. It originated in the Tang Dynasty and formed in the Song Dynasty. It is mainly popular in southern Fujian, Taiwan and the areas where overseas Chinese live in the Nanyang Islands. Quanzhou Nanyin: Also known as "Nanqu", "Nanle", "Nanguan" and "Xianguan", it is called the "living fossil" of traditional music culture. In the Tang Dynasty, pipa generally used plectrums and was held horizontally. Quanzhou Nanyin still maintains this legacy system. The "clapper" used in Nanyin and its playing method are the same as those in the Dunhuang murals. Nanqu is mainly popular in Quanzhou City, Quanzhou Jinjiang, Nan'an, Anxi, Yongchun, Longxi and Xiamen City. It is also popular in places where overseas Chinese live in Taiwan and Nanyang Islands.

2. Quanzhou Beiguan: Quanzhou Beiguan is a traditional silk and bamboo music popular in Quangang District, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, and is one of the national intangible cultural heritages. Beiguan is also known as Beiqu, Xiaoqu, Xiaodiao and Quzai. In the early years of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty, folk music from the Jianghuai area entered Quangang District of Quanzhou City along with maritime transport ships, salt soldiers going south, and refugees from the Huaihe River, and gradually formed Quanzhou Beiguan Music. The music style of Quanzhou Beiguan not only retains the brightness and elegance of folk songs in the Jianghuai area, but also adds the softness and beauty of southern Fujian and Puxian music. It has a strong and simple personality, and is known as "the emperor's voice".

3. Quanzhou Chest-Pacing Dance: Chest-Pacing Dance, also known as Chest-Pacing, Seven Rings, Dahua Chuo, Beggar Dance, etc., is a traditional dance that originated in Quanzhou, Fujian and is widely spread in southern Fujian. Coastal counties and districts in Quanzhou, as well as Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Taiwan and other regions. Especially in Quanzhou, they can be seen everywhere, ranging from various major cultural activities held by the government, large-scale cultural and artistic street parades, to gatherings and celebrations of various departments and units, to the gods-welcoming games held by village folk in lanes, and even the weddings and funerals of ordinary people's homes. "Breast-slapping dance" figure. "Breast clapping dance" has become the most common, typical and representative traditional folk dance in Quanzhou and southern Fujian.

4. Liyuan Opera: Liyuan Opera is one of the Han operas in Fujian Province, China. Liyuan Opera originated in Quanzhou during the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Together with Nan Opera in Zhejiang, it is known as the "reproduction of Southern Song Dynasty operas and singing tunes". "The Voice of Fujian and Zhejiang" is known as the "Living Fossil of Ancient Southern Opera". On May 20, 2006, Liyuan Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists.

5. Gaojia Opera: Gaojia Opera is a local traditional drama in Quanzhou City, Fujian Province and one of the national intangible cultural heritages. Gaojia Opera, also known as "Gejia Opera", "Jiujiao Opera", "Daban" and "Tuban", was born in Quanzhou, Fujian. It originated from a popular style in rural areas of southern Fujian in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties to dress up Liangshan heroes and perform martial arts skills. There are more than 900 traditional repertoires of Gaojia Opera, and the repertoire can be divided into three categories: "Qingda Opera" (Ting Opera and Wu Opera), "Xiufang Opera" and "Choudan Opera"; Gaojia Opera Originally, the roles of Gaojia Opera were only Sheng, Dan, and Chou, but later they were added to Jing, Tie, Wai, Mo, Bei (Jing), and Zase; the performing arts of Gaojia Opera come from Liyuan Opera, Puppet Show, Yiyang Tune, Hui Opera, and Peking Opera; the music of Gaojia Opera is mainly composed of southern operas, and also uses "puppet tune" and folk minor tunes; the musical instruments used in Gaojia Opera are divided into two types: literary and martial music.

6. Quanzhou String Puppetry: Quanzhou String Puppetry, known as silk puppets in ancient times, originated in the Qin and Han Dynasties. According to literature, it was popular in Quanzhou and surrounding areas as late as the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. Since then, it has been passed down through the Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing and even the contemporary era. So far, more than 700 traditional plays and a unique musical "puppet tune" composed of more than 300 tunes have been preserved. (Including "foot drum", "gong" and other ancient and rare musical instruments and corresponding playing techniques). At the same time, a set of exquisite and standardized thread manipulation techniques (traditional basic thread gauges) have been formed, as well as unique idol head carving, idol modeling art and production technology. It is one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.