Current location - Music Encyclopedia - QQ Music - How is Gan Opera formed and performed?
How is Gan Opera formed and performed?

With the founding of New China, the Chinese people have become the masters of the country and have created tremendous achievements in various fields under the leadership of the great Communist Party of China.

Yiyang accent also gained vitality during this period. As time went by, in 1950 Raohe Troupe merged with Xinhe Troupe and became known as "Gan Opera".

In 1953, Gan Opera entered Nanchang and the Jiangxi Gan Opera Troupe was established. Later, an opera school was founded, which brought together Guangzhou and Rao troupes. Jiujiang Qingyang tune, which was popular in Duchang and Hukou areas, was also included in the category of Gan opera.

Later, there were two types of high-pitched tunes in Gan Opera: Yiyang tune and Qingyang tune. Among them, Yiyang tune has always maintained the original style of "drums are used for festivals and noises are adjusted"; Qingyang tune was introduced to the capitals in northern Jiangxi from Anhui. Chang, Hukou and Pengze areas.

Due to the historical relationship between Qingyang tune and Yiyang tune, after it was discovered in 1957, it was also included in Gan opera singing. The Yiyang accent is high-pitched and exciting, while the Qingyang accent is soft and melodious.

Because Qingyang tune has popular and smooth "rolling singing", it is better than Yiyang tune in terms of expanding the repertoire and enriching artistic expression. The structure of high-pitched tunes is a combination of tunes and tunes.

In 1958, a professional theater troupe specializing in high-pitched singing was founded in Yiyang. In the 1950s, there were many famous actors, such as Jiang Lingjing, Yan Youyuan, Yang Guixian, Pan Fengxia, Zhuo Fusheng, Tong Qingchu, Xiao Guixiang, Chen Guiying, Zhu Yuexian, Hu Ruihua, Duan Rili, Wan Liangfu, Tu Linghui, Chen Li, etc.

In 1985, there were 10 Gan opera troupes in Jiangxi Province. It has performed in Wuhan, Changsha, Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Tianjin, Beijing, Anhui, Shandong, Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other places and received a lot of praise. In terms of repertoire performance, the reformed Yiyang accent won the award of "beautiful, delicate and sweet".

Ganxi Opera has been inherited and carried forward by the older generation of artists, forming a more complete and beautiful art. It has developed into a widely distributed opera art that combines many singing styles and is loved by more and more people.

Since Gan Opera has been performed in the vast rural areas and towns in northeastern Jiangxi for a long time, its stage art has gradually formed a simple, thick, friendly and realistic local style.

The performances of Gan Opera are exaggerated, intense, concise and meticulous, such as the strong and simple performances such as throwing books, waving brooms, kneeling and hugging husband and wife when they meet in "The Story of Pearl"; in the play "Zhang San Borrows Boots" Through plots such as sacrificing boots, breaking boots, and taking off boots, the stingy exaggeration of the rich man is revealed; in "The Hidden Orphan" uses eyes and sleeves to express emotions; in "The Boudoir Worships the Moon", dance is used to portray the character; "Beheading with Meals" The use of footwork to create characters in "Emperor" and the clever use of a series of wordless comedic performances in "Yellow Crane Tower" vividly depict the inner conflicts between Liu Bei, Zhou Yu and Zhao Yun.

The music performance of Gan Opera can be divided into three categories: Gaoqiang, Kunqiang and Tanqiang. Its melodies include Erfan, Xipi, Qinqiang, Bazi, Pujiang Diao, Shangjiang Diao, Zhejiang Diao, Anhui Bangzi, Nanbei Ci and folk minor tunes.

The structure of Gan opera's high-pitched tunes basically conforms to the rhythm of northern and southern tunes. Because the tune itself is rich in variety, it also constitutes the rich expressive power of Qupai's singing.

The high-pitched music of Gan Opera has the characteristics of accompaniment of gongs and drums and vocal support; free tune and free flow; less changes in melody and simple rhythm; and the characteristics of "rolling white" and "rolling and singing" are mixed in the singing style. .

Later, orchestral accompaniment was added to Gaoqiang, and according to the situation of the repertoire, supporting singing instruments and supporting instruments were determined. The repertoire that focuses on Shengdan uses Xiao, Di, and Pipa as the main instruments, and the Erhu, Zhonghu, and Houguan complement them. In terms of vocal singing, there are male and female vocal singing and mixed vocal singing. Due to these reforms, the high tune of Gan Opera has added soft and beautiful melodies while maintaining the original high-pitched and exciting characteristics.

The repertoire of Gan opera is divided into Yiyang, Qingyang, Luantan and Kun opera:

The repertoire of Yiyang opera is called "eighteen editions". That is, "Qingmei Hui", "Gucheng Hui", "Fengbo Pavilion", "Dingtian Mountain", "Golden Sable", "Dragon and Phoenix Sword", "Pearl", "Selling Water", "Great Wall", "Eight "The Story of Righteousness", "The Story of Ten Righteousness", "The Story of Parrot", "Qingfeng Pavilion", "Luoyang Bridge", "The Story of Three Yuan", "The Story of White Snake", "The Money Tree" and "The Story of Wupen".

Qingyang opera repertoire "Double Worship to the Moon", "Hundred Flowers Give Swords", "The Romance of the West Chamber"; repertoire of Qingyang opera "Liang Zhu Marriage", "Bringing a Girl to the Marriage", "The Legend of the White Snake", "Pretending to be Crazy and Cursing the Palace" ", "Meng Jiangnu".

There are 38 kinds of Luantan plays during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, called "Laolu Opera", including "Sanguantang", "Four Kingdoms Qi", "Yumenguan" and other Erfan operas and "Jifengtai" ", "Huatian Cuo", "Luhua River" and other Xipi operas, as well as Xipi Erfan operas "Two Emperors", "Lantian Belt", "Dragon and Phoenix Pavilion", etc.

Kun Opera repertoire such as "Wukong Borrows His Fan" and "A Beam Stabs a Beam". The modern plays he created include "A Group of Mu Guiying", "Red Propagandaman", "Surprise Attack on Bianping", "Stealing Seeds", "Iron Shoulders and Hearts", "Monument Expedition", etc.

Gan Opera has the characteristics of "complex sounds that promote rhythm and sound like words". Therefore, the words "ah" and "er" appear between or at the end of the sentences in the singing. The back of the tongue is often turned up to eight Degree, commonly known as "side sound".

The sound of Gan Opera’s tunes pays attention to the original sound of “crisp” and the side sounds of “showy”, which are high and low, clear and beautiful. Its character performances vary from play to play, some are dignified and solemn, some are elegant and elegant, Some are strong and brave, while others are pedantic and shabby. There are python robes, handlebars, official belts, arrow coats, pleats and other opera elements.

Later, the art of Gan Opera was reformed, and excellent traditional plays such as "The Marriage of Butterfly Lovers", "Return of the Soul" and "The Injustice of Dou E" were compiled and adapted.

In 1960, Jiangxi Gan Theater was established. In 1960, the two northeastern provinces of Heilongjiang and Jilin sent personnel to the south to transplant Gan opera. For a time, there was a prosperous scene of "flowers from the south blooming to the north".