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Indian dance--Bharatanatyam

Bharatanatyam in southern India, one of the six classical dances in India, is a dance in Tamil Nadu, southern India. The most representative traditional dance of the country. Scholars believe that the word Bharatanatyam is composed of the three prefixes of the Sanskrit words "expression" (BHAVA), "melody" (RAGA), and "rhythm" (TALA). Therefore, Bharatanatyam can be interpreted as "expression, melody" ", Rhythm" is the art of clever combination of the three. The early Bharatanatyam dance was called "DASI ATTAM" because the performer was "DEVADASI" who was known as the maid of the god in the temple. During every religious festival, they dance in front of the idols or in the procession of sacrifices. Therefore, Bharatanatyam dance is completely rooted in the soil of Hinduism. After the 18th century, Bharatanatyam entered the court. After processing and refinement by four music and dance masters in the palace, the current program of Bharatanatyam was gradually formed.

Bharatanatyam dance has strong and powerful movements, sharp edges and corners, and the dance shape is like many unpredictable geometric patterns. It is fast and difficult, and requires the tight cooperation of the actors' hands, eyes, body, method and steps. , pay attention to facial expressions, the smooth changes of joy, anger, sorrow and joy. It can be said that all the good things in Indian traditional culture have been concentrated in Bharatanatyam dance.

A complete Bharatanatyam dance party, usually performed by only one actress, includes at least six dance sections:

1. ALARIPPU This is pure dance. Expressing prayers to God and greetings to the audience. The actor's movements start from the eyes, neck, and shoulders, and then spread to the arms and body. The movements go from small to large, from weak to strong, and gradually open up like a flower;

2. JATISWARAM This is a pure dance passage that is more complex than Alarip. It consists of two parts: "Jadi" and "Swaram". "Jadi" is danced to the fixed beat of the drum, while "Swaram" is danced to the tunes sung by the singer using musical notes. The whole dance consists of 5-6 different combinations;

3 ． SHABDAM This is a dance section usually used to praise the deeds of God or a certain king. In addition to musical instruments and drums, the musical accompaniment must also be recited lyrics in Telugu or Tamil, and the actors use simple sign language and facial expressions to narrate the content of the lyrics. From this section, the actors will begin to introduce Bharatanatyam to the audience. performance skills;

4. The VARNAM dance occupies an important position in the special performance of Bharatanatyam. It is the most complex and infectious dance section in Bharatanatyam dance and is the backbone of the entire evening party. The actors have to rely on constantly changing expressions and sign language to introduce the entire plot of the story, and they also have to play several different roles dramatically at the same time, and high-level pure dance segments need to be interspersed between each dramatic performance. Therefore, this is a Brahma opera. The most vivid and colorful segment of the dance. Most of the actors have to elaborate and go all out on this dance;

5. PADAM This is a more lyrical dance section in Bharatanatyam dance, which usually focuses on "emotion" and performance. The dance is accompanied by a hymn to God, and the meaning of the lyrics is expressed through the performer's sign language, rich facial expressions and infectious body movements;

6. TILLANA This is the finale of the Bharatanatyam party. In this pure dance, the actors are required to push their skills, speed, and passion to a climax, and it must be completed in one go, and end brilliantly at lightning speed.