1. "Pipa Xing" is written about the associations generated by music, focusing on the description of sounds, and using associations to express the beauty of sounds.

"Li Ping Konghou" quotes the imagination generated by music, pays attention to the description of self-imagination, and uses one's own imagination to set off the beauty of the music.

The similarity between the two is that they both use environmental description to enhance the atmosphere and highlight the beauty of the music.

2. Appreciation of Li Ping's "Li Ping Konghou Yin":

Attached is the original text:

Li Ping Konghou Yin

(Tang Dynasty) Li He

Wu Si, Shutong and Zhang Gaoqiu, the empty mountain is condensed with clouds.

Jiang'e cries about the sorrow of women in bamboo, while Li Ping plays the Chinese harp.

The broken jade in Kunshan screams as a phoenix, the hibiscus weeps and the dew fragrant orchid smiles.

The cold light melts in front of the twelve doors, and the twenty-three silk threads move the purple emperor.

Where Nuwa refines stones to mend the sky, the stones break the sky and make Qiu Yu startle.

I dreamed of entering the sacred mountain to teach the goddess, and the old fish danced the thin dragon dance.

Wu Zhi sleeplessly leans against the osmanthus tree, flying wet and cold rabbits sideways with bare feet.

Appreciation

This poem was written from about the sixth year of Yuanhe (811) to the eighth year of Yuanhe. At that time, Li He was serving as Fengli Lang in Chang'an, the capital. Li Ping was a disciple of Liyuan, and he became famous for his good playing of the harp. "The emperor sees him once a day, and the princes and generals immediately greet him." His wealth seems to be far higher than that of Li Guinian, a famous singer in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. His superb skills were enthusiastically appreciated by poets. Li He's article is rich in imagination, magnificent in color, and has strong artistic appeal.

Music is a time art that relies on hearing. Its sound only exists for a moment and is fleeting. The image of music is relatively abstract and elusive, and it is even more difficult to express its beauty in words. Li He's poem stands out among many Tang poems describing music and is loved by readers. People regard Li He's poem as "the best text for imitating sound" along with Bai Juyi's "Pipa Xing" and Han Yu's "Listening to Yingshi Playing the Qin". , which makes sense.

But Li He's poem is different from Bai Juyi's and Han Yu's poems. Bai Juyi's "Pipa Play" and Han Yu's "Listening to Master Ying Playing the Piano" mainly use metaphors, onomatopoeia and other techniques to depict the image of music. Such as "The big strings are as noisy as the pelting rain, and the small strings are as keen as whispers", "Big beads and small beads fall on the jade plate"; "Children and daughters are talking affectionately, showing kindness and resentment to you", "A flock of birds are noisily chirping, and a solitary phoenix is ??suddenly seen" etc. that is. Although Li He also used the two sentences "Kunshan jade broken phoenix screams, hibiscus weeps and dew fragrant orchid laughs" to describe Li Ping's musical image of playing the harp (these two sentences are certainly very well written), but Li He mainly does not use The descriptive method is used to carefully carve the image of the music, but the focus is on "feeling", the feelings that music gives people, and the strong and thrilling artistic power of music.

When describing the feeling of the music played by Li Ping and the artistic effect of the music, the poet Li He did not follow the general thinking track; instead, he used his bold fantasy and rich imagination. Association, forming a magical and overwhelming artistic realm to express music. Here I try to translate it in the form of a new poem.

Wu Si Shu Tong made exquisite konghou, and the music played floated in the bright late autumn.

Hearing the wonderful music, the white clouds in the sky condensed and stopped floating;

The Xiang'e sprinkled her tears all over the mottled bamboos, and the plain girls in the nine heavens were also filled with sorrow.

Where does this sublime music come from? That was Li Ping playing the harp in the capital.

Like the sound of the Kunlun jade hitting each other is clear and crisp, like the passionate and loud singing voice of the Phoenix;

Like the hibiscus weeping in the dew, like the orchid blooming in the wind and smiling softly.

The streets and alleys of Chang'an City are as quiet as being immersed in a cold light.

Twenty-three strings are plucked high and lightly, and the heartstrings of the gods are also attracted by the music.

The high-pitched music soared into the sky, shaking the sky where Nuwa was making stones to mend the sky.

It was as if the sky had been shattered by a shocking stone, causing the sound of autumn rain to fall all over the sky.

The night is deep, and the sound of music brings people into dreams, where they dream of Li Ping teaching his skills to the goddess;

The old fish in the lake also rise up and jump in the waves, and the thin fish in the pond The dragon dances gracefully and happily.

In the Moon Palace, Wu Gang was deeply attracted by the music and stayed up all night lingering under the sweet-scented osmanthus tree.

The rabbit under the laurel tree also stood and listened, regardless of the dewdrops flying sideways and chilling!

Here we can see that the poet Li He is like a magical magician. He drives the still life and animals of nature, and mobilizes the images of many gods and men in myths and legends to write The strong and touching artistic effect of the music reflects Li Ping's superb art of playing the harp. Among them are the white clouds in the sky, the autumn rain in Qiuqiu, the old fish and the thin dragon in the pond, the Xiang'e, Su Nu, the Purple Emperor, the Goddess, Wu Gang, the Jade Rabbit and so on. The music of Li Ping playing the harp moved even the insensate still life and the ignorant animals, and even the gods who were high in the immortal world were deeply moved by the music. In this way, the abstract, elusive music and its wonderful artistic effects are vividly and concretely presented to the readers, immersing them in a strange artistic realm and arousing rich fantasies.

The poet's imagination is strange and unique. For example, music attracts fish and birds. Previous people have also written about it. The book "Lieh Zi" says: "The harp plays the harp and the birds dance and the fish leap." This description is still a conventional thinking track. However, Li He wrote "Old Fish" and "Skinny Jiao". This artistic image is very strange. Another example is that the poem says "teaching the goddess". According to the general thinking process, one would say that Li Ping's superb skills were taught by the goddess. This statement is already an exaggeration. There are many such descriptions, so there are no examples. Lift. But Li He said that Li Ping taught the goddess who was good at playing the harp, which was unusual. For another example, Bai Juyi wrote that the sound of music broke "the silver vase suddenly broke and water slurry burst out", which describes the trajectory of thoughts that ordinary readers can grasp; but Li He said that the sound of music broke the place where Nuwa made five-color stones to mend the sky, causing a day of autumn rain, This way of writing is novel. In addition, the description of Furong crying and Pandan laughing is unusual. Here we can see Li He's artistic characteristics of fantastic imagination and novel imagery. The poet's fantasy and association in this poem also have a very distinctive feature, that is, its leaping nature. In this poem, the poet's thinking activities are sometimes underground and sometimes in heaven; sometimes animals and plants; sometimes gods and men, and sometimes emperors. The context of his narrative has no certain order, but follows the flow of the poet's imagination. Wherever the imagination goes, the pen goes. This way of writing not only makes the artistic conception of the poem rich and varied in content, but also gives the artistic conception of the poem a flowing and swaying beauty in form. Miraculous beauty, strange beauty, flowing beauty, this is the artistic beauty of Li He's poem.

Another characteristic of this poem is the use of the combination of virtuality and reality. In this way, the poet introduces us into a reality similar to what Aristotle called "artistic illusion". In fact, this is also similar to the wonderful "similarity and dissimilarity" of artistic images that attach great importance to in classical Chinese aesthetic theory. There are similarities in the principle of "between". It is in this romantic artistic realm of "resemblance from form" that we obtain a kind of harmonious cooperation and free movement of imagination and understanding similar to what Kant said. pleasure. You see, the poet wrote about the music played by Li Ping, whether it is "Jiang'e sings about the sorrow of the bamboo girl", whether it is the cry of the phoenix, the laughter of the fragrant orchid, the melting cold light, the moving purple emperor, the dancing fish and dragon, the teasing of the autumn rain, the Wu Zhi Sleepless, etc., these scenes and images, as mentioned before, all have double or multiple meanings, and they do not just express music purely in terms of effect. Wang Qi, a native of the Qing Dynasty, did not quite understand the mystery of this artistic dialectic of "like scenery and emotion, like virtuality and reality" and the beauty of "between the incomprehensible and the incomprehensible", so he regarded almost every sentence of this poem as " "Obviously", it was naturally difficult for him to grasp the aesthetic characteristics of this romantic musical poem.

3. Appreciation of Bai Juyi's "Pipa Play":

"Pipa Play" was written in the autumn of the 11th year of Yuanhe (AD 816) of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, when Bai Juyi was forty-five years old. He was appointed Sima of Jiangzhou. Ten years before Yuanhe, Bai Juyi first served as Zuo Shiyi, and then as Dr. Zuo Zanshan.

"The second language is full of emotion, shedding tears for those who have been lost for eternity, and triggering the opportunity of love at first sight for those who have been lost for eternity. Starting from "I resigned from the imperial capital last year", the following twelve sentences describe the poet's loneliness since he was demoted to Jiujiang. Feeling. He said: "There is no music in Xunyang, and I don't hear the sound of silk and bamboo all year round. The land where I live near the Huanjiang River is low and humid, and yellow reeds and bitter bamboos grow around my house. What did you hear during the day and night? The cuckoo cries and the blood ape moans. On a spring river with flowers facing the autumn moonlight, I often drink wine alone while drinking. How could there be no folk songs and village flutes? It would be hard to listen to the hoarse and hoarse songs. "The terrain is remote, the environment is harsh, the eyes look sad, and there is nothing to cheer or relieve boredom. In fact, this is largely the result of the poet's own depressed empathy. Let's compare it with Song Jiang's appreciation of Jiangzhou in "Water Margin" In a passage, he said: "It's a good place to sit in Jiangzhou. Although I have committed crimes and lived far away, I have seen real mountains and rivers." Although there are several famous mountains and historic sites there, there is no such scenery. "The poet's sadness and depression were entirely caused by the political blow he suffered, but he couldn't say this. He just said in a general and vague way that he was also a "reduced man from the end of the world" and that he was "banished and bedridden" here, and other The heartbroken pain was suppressed to the bottom of his heart. This was why everything he heard and witnessed made people sad. Then he sincerely praised and thanked Pipa as an equal and sincere friend and a sound friend in times of need. The Pipa Girl was unwilling to socialize any more, but later she saw that the poet was so sincere and emotional, so she decided to write a long poem "Pipa Song" for her. The strings were tightened and the tune was played, which made all the listeners sigh. The front of his green shirt was already soaked. The strings make the tone rise. Qingshan: The uniform color of the eighth and ninth-grade civil servants. Sima is from the ninth rank, so he wears a green shirt.

The artistry of this poem is very high. He integrated the thoughts and feelings of the singer and the person being sung into one. When he said you, he was also talking about me, and when he was talking about me, he was also talking about you. Their fates were the same and closely related. After Pipa Girl narrated her life experience, the poet thought that they were "the same fallen people in the world"; After the poet narrated his life experience, the pipa girl said, "I feel my words for a long time." After the pipa girl played another song, the poet even felt that "the green shirt of Sima Jiangzhou is wet." "Friends in the world are touching and loving everywhere. Secondly, the methods of describing scenery and music in the poem are extremely superb, and they are closely combined with describing one's life experience and expressing sadness. The atmosphere is consistent, making the work immersed in a kind of sadness and sadness from beginning to end. Thirdly, the language of the work is vivid, has strong generalization power, and is jumpy and concise, so the whole poem is popular and easy to recite. Half-covered face"; "There is no secret feeling and hatred, silence is better than sound at this time"; "There are few cars and horses in front of the door, the boss is married to a merchant's wife"; "Late at night, I suddenly dream of youthful things, and the dream is full of makeup and tears." ; "We are both fallen people at the end of the world, why should we meet before", etc. What a concise, beautiful and heart-touching statement!

Bai Juyi was originally a person who cared about the people at the lower level and sympathized with the sufferings of the people. Poet, this time he described a touching and pitiful image of a promiscuous woman in simple and familiar language. Because of this poem, Bai Juyi's name became more widely known to women and children. Thirty years later, Tang Xuanzong wrote it for Bai Juyi. A poem says: "The boy can interpret the song "Eternal Sorrow", and the Hu'er can sing the "Pipa" piece. "Even children from ethnic minorities can recite it, let alone Han people with a little education.