Nine Songs is the title of Chuci. Originally the name of an ancient song in Han myths and legends, Qu Yuan, a Chu man in the Warring States Period, was adapted and processed on the basis of Han folk songs of offering sacrifices to gods, and a large number of images of gods were created in the poems, most of which were love songs. * * * Ten articles: Emperor Taiyi, Jun in the Cloud, Xiang Jun, Mrs. Xiang, Priestess of Death, Shaosi Ming, Dong Jun, Hebo, Shan Gui, National Mourning (including Li Soul).
role introduction
Nine Songs is a group of poems. *** There are 11 articles:
Emperor Taiyi: God
Jun in the Cloud: Cloud God
Xiang Jun, Mrs. Xiang: God of Xiang Shui
Priestess of Death: God in charge of longevity
Shaosi Ming: God in charge of children
Dong Jun. Ghosts: Mountain Gods
National Mourning: Sacrificing the soldiers who died for their country
Ritual Soul is a song to send the gods
Nine Songs includes 11 chapters. What did the predecessors do to make them conform to? Nine? Into a number, have made all kinds of make do. For example, in the Qing Dynasty, Jiang Ji's Notes on Chu Ci in the Mountain Belt Pavilion advocated that Xiang Jun and Xiang Fu should be combined into one chapter, while Priestess of Death and Shao Siming should be combined into one chapter. Wen Yiduo's "What is Nine Songs" advocates that "East Emperor Taiyi" is the sacred song, "Ritual Soul" is the sacred song, and the middle nine chapters are? Nine songs? Text. But what is the opinion of the majority? Nine? As an imaginary number, I agree with Wang Yuan's Collection of Songs of the South and Wang Fuzhi's Interpretation of Songs of the South, and think that the first ten chapters are dedicated to ten kinds of gods, which are closely related to the production struggle and survival competition from the origin of ancient human religious thoughts. Ten kinds of gods can be divided into three types: ① God ── Emperor Taiyi (the most expensive god), Jun in the cloud (the cloud god), Priestess of Death (the god of the main life), Shao Siming (the god of the main children) and Dongjun (the sun god); (2) the earth gods ── Xiang Jun and Xiang Fu (the god of Xiang water), Hebo (the god of river) and Shan Gui (the god of mountain); (3) ghosts ── national mourning (the soul of the fallen soldiers). Some people think that among the above ten kinds of gods, what is the title? Dong Huang Taiyi? For the supreme, at the end of the article? National mourning? As martyrs, they are all men; The rest are the couple of yin and yang, namely Dongjun (male) and YunZhongjun (female), Priestess of Death (male) and ShaoSiming (female), Xiangjun (male) and Xiangfuren (female), Hebo (male) and Shan Gui (female). The original articles of "Nine Songs" are basically arranged according to the above-mentioned relationship, but this edition of "Dongjun" falls by mistake (Wen Yiduo's "Revision of Chu Ci").
creative process
Nine Songs was created by Qu Yuan after processing according to folk sacrificial songs in the south of the Yangtze River. The title is copying the ancient title, according to Li Sao: Kai "Jiu Bian" and "Jiu Ge" Xi, Xia Kang entertains himself? . "JIU ge":? Kai Ji Bin Shang, Jiu Bian and Jiu Ge? It is said that there were Nine Songs in the Xia Dynasty.
Creation time
Judging from the emotional appeal of "National Mourning", it should be a song to mourn the soldiers killed in the Battle of Danxi, and the specific time was in the seventeenth year of Huai Wang (312 BC), after the Battle of Danxi and before the Battle of Lantian. "Nine Songs" is different from other works of Qu Yuan, but it is written in a fresh, mournful and deep way. Obviously, because of the use of folk materials and the integration of folk songs, this style is somewhat unique compared with his other works.
where did the name come from
about? Nine songs? The origin of the name, Wang Yi thinks, was created by Qu Yuan imitating the folk sacrificial songs of Southern Chu. Zhu Xi believes that Qu Yuan modified and processed the sacrificial songs of Southern Chu. More definite? ("Notes on Chuci"). Hu Shi thinks Nine Songs is ancient? Religious songs and dances of Xiangjiang ethnic groups? ，? Nothing to do with the legend of Qu Yuan? ("Reading the Songs of Chu"). Today, people take more from Zhu.
? Nine songs? The name, the source is very ancient. In addition to those cited in Shangshu, Zuo Zhuan and Shan Hai Jing, what are there in Li Sao? Open nine debates and nine songs, Xia Kang entertains himself? ，? Playing nine songs and dancing, talking about holidays for fun? , in "JIU ge"? Qi Ji bin Shang, nine debates and nine songs? Various languages. What are the books talking about? Nine songs? Although the content has evolved, it can be proved? Nine songs? It's an ancient music in legend. As for Qu Yuan's use of it as a title, it doesn't seem to be related to ancient times. Nine songs? Is it related to the number of chapters, but not necessarily to ancient times? Nine songs? The tune is the same. Maybe take it? Entertain the gods? This, combined with "Li Sao" said? Recreation? 、? Le? It basically belongs to the type of new songs attacking old names.
religious legend
it is said that nine songs are heavenly music. What did Zhao Jianzi hear in his dream of ascending to heaven? Guangle Jiuwan Dance? , namely "Nine Songs" and Shao Dance with "Nine Songs". ("Li Sao"? Playing nine songs and dancing? . ) "Nine Songs" was stolen from the world by Xia Houqi, and a joyous feast caused the chaos of the five sons and finally made the Xia people perish. The historical background of this myth is probably as follows.
Shaowu dance in Nine Songs is the joy of Xia people, and it may only be used when offering sacrifices to God in the countryside. Qi once played this music to enjoy God, that is, the enjoyment of Juntai. Just like the music of primitive society, the content of this music and dance is quite obscene. Because in primitive life, religion and sex are quite inseparable, so although obscene, you might as well enjoy the joy of God. Perhaps it was during the big banquet in the suburbs that Kai and Taikang's father and son had two daughters (that is? The mother of five children? ) there was a conflict. The situation has expanded to such an extent that Taikang led his younger brothers to create a rebellion, resulting in the enemy? Yi Yi took advantage of the situation and put out the summer. (There is another textual research on this matter. ) to enjoy the gods is to treat the guests. Legend has it that the invitation to treat guests turned into the invitation to be invited, so there is a story of inviting guests to heaven. This is probably because of the so-called? Kai bin Tian? Yes? Bing? Word, ("JIU ge"? Kai Ji bin Shang? That is, Bintian, Wild West Classic? Open for three days? , Bin Bintong. ) there is? Treat? With? A guest? Two meanings, and the result. Since entertaining guests has become a guest, enjoying the joy of the sky has become a joy in the sky, and playing music and enjoying guests has become a guest stealing joy. This is probably the only point of the legend's confusion. The rest of the story says that Qi died because of Nine Songs, but it is quite true.
These points are specifically raised here to point out the oldest function of Jiuge and its obscene content, because it is very important for explaining the Songs of the South. Nine Songs is quite helpful. A young secretary's life is the god who rules people's fortunes.
textual research on the source
Because Jiuge is based on folk songs of offering sacrifices to gods, it has many characteristics of folk songs of offering sacrifices to gods in Chu. Geography says:? (Chu) Believes in witches and ghosts, and attaches great importance to obscenity and sacrifice. ? "Lu Chunqiu? Luxury music also says:? The decline of Chu is also a witch sound. ? So-called? Witch sound? That is, the music songs of the sorcerer offering sacrifices to the gods, which is the difference between Nine Songs and other poems of Qu Yuan. However, such as in the works? What's the matter with Yun Qi? 、? Are you welcoming the nine guests? 、? I'm a Taoist priest, don't I? Wait for the poem,? Old Ran Ran? 、? Always arguing? Such idioms are closely related to Qu Yuan's other poems. Therefore, it should be an integral part of Qu Yuan's poetic art..