Knowledge of music theory Author: Where the wind goes Article Source: Beijing Audio-visual Club Forum Click Number: Update Time: March 3, 26 The method of recording music by notation is called notation.

In the course of historical development, due to the different contents and needs of music, various notation methods have been produced. For example, the ancient music score for guqin, the gongs and drums score for gongs and drums, and the staff score, the simple score and the Gongchi score which are widely used in our country now are the examples.

Although all kinds of notation are becoming more and more perfect in their development, so far, there is no notation in the world that can record music perfectly. Such as the subtle differences in pitch, strength and speed, and the playing methods of many decorative sounds, etc., all need the players to analyze and deal with them in detail with their different understandings.

Correct notation is very important for creation and performance. Everyone who studies music should master the notation well, especially for those who study composition, which has more important basic music theory-clef has been said before, the higher the position of the sound on the staff, the higher the sound, and the lower the position of the opposite sound, the lower the sound, but how high is it? How much lower? But I can't be sure. To determine the pitch of a staff, you must use clef to indicate it.

This clef is recorded on a certain line of the staff, which gives this line a fixed level name and height, and also determines the level names and heights on other lines or intervals. There are three kinds of clefs commonly used: the G clef indicates the G of a small group, which is recorded on the second line of the staff and called the treble clef; In addition, there is something written on the first line, called the old French treble clef.

the f clef indicates the f of the small character group, which is recorded on the fourth line of the staff and called the bass clef; There is also a note on the fifth line called double bass clef. The clef c indicates a small group of C, which can be recorded on any line of the staff.

At present, the adopted clef C includes the clef C triple clef (alto clef), which is used for viola and sometimes for trombone. C clef for cello, bassoon and trombone.

other c clefs are seldom used. The purpose of using many clefs is to avoid too many lines, so that it is more convenient to write and read the spectrum.

All kinds of clefs can be used separately or in combination, such as a big musical notation composed of high and low clefs. Basic music theory-grouping of sounds As mentioned earlier, the fifty-two white keys on the piano repeatedly use seven basic sound level names, so many sounds with the same name are produced in the sound series. In order to distinguish the sounds with the same name but different pitches, we divide the sound series into many "groups".

The group in the center of the sound series is called Small Word Group, and its sound level marks are indicated by lowercase letters and the number 1 at the upper right, such as c1d1e1. Groups higher than the first group of small characters are named as: second group of small characters, third group of small characters, fourth group of small characters and fifth group of small characters.

The marks of the second group of small characters are represented by lowercase letters and the number 2 is added to the upper right, such as c2d2e2. Other groups in turn and so on.

the groups lower than the small print group are named as groups, large print groups, large print groups and large print groups in turn. The marks of each sound in the small group are represented by lowercase letters without numbers, such as cde.

large groups are marked with capital letters without numbers, such as CDE. A group of large characters is marked with capital letters and the number 1 at the lower right, such as C1D1E1.

the two groups of large characters are indicated by capital letters and the number 2 at the lower right, such as A2B2. The basic music theory-the twelve-average law divides octaves into twelve equal parts-semitones-is called the twelve-average law.

The law of twelve averages was put forward as early as ancient Greece, but it was not scientifically calculated. The first person in the world to formulate the law of twelve averages according to mathematics was Zhu Zai (Tu Yu), a great musician of Ming Dynasty in China (1854).

semitone is the smallest pitch distance in the twelve-average law organization. A tone whose distance between two tones is equal to two semitones is called a whole tone.

there are twelve semitones in the octave, that is, six whole tones. In the middle of the basic tones of a series, except for E to F and B to C, which are semitones, the distance between the other two adjacent tones is full tones.

On the piano, two adjacent keys (including black keys) form a semitone, and two tones separated by a key form a whole tone. The absolute accurate height of each tone in the basic music theory-temperament music system and their relationship are called temperament.

Melody is formed in the long-term development of music practice, and becomes the basis for determining the mode pitch. In the process of historical development, various methods have been used to determine the height of each tone in the musical tone system, among which the main and well-known ones are "pure law", "five-degree law" and "twelve-average law".

at present, the law of twelve averages is widely adopted by all countries in the world. However, "pure law" and "five-degree law" continue to have an impact on music life and are of great significance.

Introduction to the sound level The sound level is each sound in the musical system, which has two types: basic sound level and variation. The former has seven independent names in the musical sound system, and the sound emitted by the white keys on the piano keyboard is consistent with the basic sound level.

the latter is obtained by raising or lowering the basic sound level. The names of basic musical levels are marked in two ways: letter system: C, D, E, F, G, A and B singing systems: do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, xi. At present, the musical level referred to in the amateur examination of basic music knowledge in China is modal level.

each tone in the mode scale is called the mode scale. The tonic in each scale is also the I-level tone in the modal scale.

the tonic of each mode scale is different, but the mark always takes the tonic as I level. Do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, xi, do: c natural major marks: la, xi, do, re, mi, fa, sol, laa natural minor marks i ii iii iv v vi vii i major scales are marked with capital letters, and minor scales are marked with lowercase letters.

exercise tips: 1. Pop up the standard sound to listen to the main argument and the tonic. After listening to the main argument and the tonic correctly, you can determine what mode you should do. 2. Play the modal sound in the topic, and judge the scale of this modal sound with the debugging scale determined in the first step.

Music theory knowledge-tone and tone treble are produced by the vibration of objects. There are many sounds that can be felt by our hearing in nature, but not all sounds can be used as music materials.

The sound used in music is to express people's life in the long-term production struggle and class struggle.

2. What are the basics of music

1. Melody: Melody is also called melody.

The ups and downs of music are organized horizontally in an orderly way according to a certain rhythm, thus forming a tune. Tune is the most important means of expression, the essence and the decisive factor of music.

the direction of the melody is endless, and there are three basic directions: "horizontal", "upward" and "downward". The direction of the same sound is said to be horizontal; Weighing upward from bass to treble; Descending from treble to bass.

The common ways of melody progression are "homophonic repetition", "progressive" and "jumping". According to the adjacent notes of the scale, it is called progressive, the jump of three degrees is called small jump, and the jump of four degrees and above is called big jump.

2. Rhythm: The rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of sounds in music movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music.

Beat is the repetition of repeated beats and weak beats in music periodically and regularly. Chinese traditional music calls the beat "board eye", and "board" is equivalent to strong beat; "Eye" is equivalent to a second strong beat (middle eye) or a weak beat.

3. Harmony: Harmony includes "* *" and "harmonic progression". * * * is usually a sound combination formed by three or more tones overlapping vertically (simultaneously) according to certain rules.

the horizontal organization of * * * is harmonic progression. Harmony has obvious strong, light, thick and thin color functions; It also has the function of forming clauses, dividing paragraphs and ending music.

4. Strength: the strength of the middle notes in music. 5, speed: the speed of music.

6. Mode: The tones used in music are connected according to a certain relationship, and these tones form a system centered on one tone (tonic), which is called mode. Such as major mode, minor mode and five-tone mode in China.

The tones in the mode are arranged from the tonic to the highest to form a scale. 7. Form: the horizontal organizational structure of music.

8. Texture: the combination form of each voice in a multi-voice music work. (including vertical combination and horizontal combination).

9. timbre: timbre can be divided into human voice color and musical instrument timbre. In the timbre of human voice, it can be divided into children's voice, female voice and male voice.

the differences of musical instrument timbre are even more varied. In music, sometimes only single timbre is used, and sometimes mixed timbre is used.