Italian pronunciation has its own rules. As long as you master the pronunciation rules, you can pronounce an authentic Italian pronunciation for any word.

The writing and pronunciation of the word are highly unified, and some consonants appear in the form of letter combinations.

Consonants are sounds produced by airflow breaking through various obstacles and compressions of the vocal organs; only when consonants are combined with vowels can they produce various sounds.

-Pp[p] The lips are closed together, causing airflow obstruction, and then the mouth suddenly opens, the airflow rushes out, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Practice reading pa pe pi po pu pane pipa pepe pupa lupo penna palla

-Bb[b] The lips are tightly closed, the airflow breaks away from the obstruction and explodes out. But b is a voiced consonant, and the vocal cords vibrate. ba

Practice reading ba be bi bo bu basta bene bella buono bimbo bomba

-Tt[t] The tip of the tongue is pressed against the back of the upper teeth, forming a blockage, and then suddenly drops, and the air rushes out Oral cavity, vocal cords do not vibrate.

Practice reading ta te ti to tu letto lotta tanto tutto notte alto molto

-Dd[d]d is a voiced consonant. Its articulation place and method are the same as t, but the vocal cords are longer. vibration.

Practice reading da de di do du dente modo mondo debole dubbio moda

-Ss The tip of the tongue is slightly raised, or against the lower teeth, the upper and lower gums are close together, between the front of the tongue and the hard palate A narrow gap is formed between them to allow airflow to pass through. Depending on its position in the word, the consonant s is sometimes pronounced as a voiceless sound [s] and sometimes as a voiced sound [z].

When s is between two vowels, it is generally voiced. (Such as uso base fase)

S is pronounced before the voiced consonants b, d, g, l, m, n, v. The method and position of pronouncing the voiced consonants of s are the same as those of the unvoiced consonants, except that the vocal cords vibrate. (such as smalto sviluppo)

Practice reading sa se si so su sala sole sale solo testa sedia peso naso

-Cc lift the base of the tongue to the back of the jaw and press it against it to form a blockage, Then the air flow breaks through the obstruction and explodes out. The vocal cords do not vibrate.

C is pronounced [k] before the vowels a, o, and u. Before the vowels e and i, the silent letter h must be added, written as ch, to pronounce [k].

Practice reading ca che chi co cu come casa cosa bocca amico pacco anche capo

c is pronounced as follows [t?] before the vowel e or i: ce ci cima cinema cemento cibo dolce calcio

-The place of articulation of Gg is the same as c, but it is a voiced consonant and the vocal cords vibrate.

G pronounces the sound [g] before the vowels a, o, and u. The silent letter h must be added before the vowels e and i. The sound [g] must be pronounced when written as gh.

Practice reading ga ghe ghi go gu gamba gonna gola gusto gatto gomma

G is pronounced [d?] before the vowels e and i: ge gi gita gesto oggi giacca giallo gente gentile

-Qq[k] The consonant q is pronounced exactly the same as c. It is always written together with the vowel letter u and cannot form a pronunciation unit alone. Qu is pronounced exactly like cu, but must be followed by another vowel. The letter q cannot overlap, but it combines with c to form a double consonant.

Practice reading qua que qui quo qu quale quando questo quanto quello acqua

-Ff[f]: The upper teeth and the lower lip are in slight contact, the upper teeth are exposed, and the corners of the lips are tilted to both sides Open, the airflow passes through the gap between the lips and teeth, and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Practice reading fa fe fi fo fu fame fare fumo folla fede festa frutta

-Vv[v] Its pronunciation position and method are the same as f, but the vocal cords vibrate.

Practice reading va ve vi vo vu vaso vino visa voto vuoto vecchio tavolo

-Zz First place the tip of the tongue between the upper and lower teeth, close to the upper teeth and press against the gums to form an obstruction, and then The tongue suddenly descends, and the air escapes from the gap between the tip of the tongue and the upper teeth. When Z is pronounced unvoiced, the vocal cords do not vibrate. [ts]za ze zi zo zu zappa zoppo zucca zitto pezzo pazzo zio

When z is pronounced as a voiced sound, the pronunciation method and position are the same as the unvoiced sound, but the vocal cords vibrate.

[dz]za ze zi zo zu zona zelo zoo mezzo zaino bronzo

-Mm[m] Close the lips tightly to form an obstruction, then gently open the lips, and the airflow flows from the nasal cavity Leaking, vocal cords vibrate.

Practice reading ma me mi mo mu mamma amo ama mimo mela miele

-Nn[n] Open your lips naturally, press the tip of your tongue against the upper gums, remove the soft palate, and press the tongue part, leaving no gaps. The airflow comes out of the nasal cavity and the vocal cords vibrate.

Practice reading na ne ni no nu nonno nome meno uno notte mano ninna

-Ll[l] The tip of the tongue touches the upper gums, the tongue surface descends, and the airflow escapes from both sides of the tongue , the vocal cords vibrate.

Practice reading la le li lo lu lana male lama lino luna mille mila

-Rr[r] The tip is rolled up and in contact with the upper gums. The airflow continuously impacts the tip of the tongue to make it tremble. The vocal cords vibrate, the vocal cords vibrate, and when r is at the end of a word, just vibrate.

Practice reading ra re ri ro ru

-When SCsc is in front of the vowels e and i, the lips extend forward in a round shape, the front of the tongue is raised, and The hard palate is resolved and a gap is formed. The airflow rushes out from the gap in the mouth, producing a fricative sound [?], and the vocal cords do not vibrate.

Sc is between the vowels a, o, u. There are no vowels e or i in the middle, so it is pronounced as [sk].

Practice reading scia sce sci scio sciu sca sco scu scia scena scippo sciopero pesce pesca ascia

-GNgn[?] The tip of the tongue touches the lower jaw, and the tongue surface is lifted up as much as possible to stick to the hard palate. Obstruction occurs, most of the airflow flows out of the nasal cavity, and the vocal cords vibrate.

Practice reading gna gne gni gno gnu ogni ragno sogna legno signore bagno montagna

-GLgl The tip of the tongue touches the lower gums, the tongue surface is raised upward, against the hard palate, and the airflow passes through both sides of the tongue The gap formed between the upper molars leaks out, [?] is emitted, and the vocal cords vibrate. Before the vowels a, e, o, u, gl must be written as gli to pronounce this sound, otherwise it is pronounced as [gl].

Practice reading glia glie gli glio gliu maglia moglie luglio meglio famiglia figlia

-Hh h is silent in any position in Italian.

Practice reading ho ha hotel

A big difference between Italian and English is the pronunciation rules of double consonants.

For example, "bb" in "abbreviation" in English can be pronounced as one sound directly. But in Italian, if you pronounce a double consonant as a single consonant, you may not be able to understand it, or it may cause a lot of misunderstanding. Because sometimes two unrelated words are just because of the difference between double and single consonants, like "copia" and "coppia", one is one part and the other is a pair. You can imagine the huge difference. Therefore, it is very important to pronounce double consonants well.

Except for the two bite sounds that are a little more difficult for Chinese people to learn English, there should be no problem with the rest. But the loud pronunciation in Italian is the biggest headache for Chinese people. Some people are born with vibrato, but some people whose native language is Italian (or French, German, and other languages ??that require uvular sounds) cannot pronounce this sound. So, practice is crucial. Method 1: To make the tip of the tongue tremble, you can first use the consonant t or d, place the tip of the tongue in a position ready to vibrate according to the mouth shape and tongue position requirements, and practice, such as "ttttrrrrrr" ddddddrrrrrr. After practicing for a period of time, then add the vowel i (because the vowel i is closer to the upper teeth than other vowels), practice "trrrrri" drrrrri, and then gradually transition to pronouncing the ri sound freely without the consonants t and d; method Two: First pronounce the consonant l continuously, and then let the air flow continuously hit the tip of the tongue. Practice repeatedly, from pronouncing l without stopping, to the trill r, "llllllllllllrrre". There are ten pairs of voiced and voiceless consonants in American English, and there are nine other unpaired consonants, two voiceless consonants /h/ and /hw/, and seven voiced consonants /r/, /m/, /n/, /?/ , /l/, /w/, /j/. Italian also has corresponding unvoiced and voiced consonants. When the unvoiced and voiced consonants are pronounced incorrectly, the meaning of the word will change. However, the unvoiced sounds in Italian are generally weaker than the unvoiced expiration sounds in English. For example, the pronunciation of papa and baba, tetto and detto only differ by one voiceless and voiceless consonant, and their meanings are completely different. Therefore, when speaking Italian, you must pay attention to the voiced and voiceless consonants. I’ve talked a lot about the importance of “clear” and “voiced” in Italian pronunciation, but what exactly do they mean?

There are twenty-one letters in Italian, of which there are five vowels (a, i, u, e, o), and the pronunciation of the other letters is consonants. Among these consonants, there are six consonants with "clear" and "voiced" in pairs, which is a very important theme of this lesson. That is the pair b, p; d, t is a pair; g, k is a pair. By the way, when you read English, you can immediately remember that if you use the KK phonetic notation, these six characters can be spelled out, that is:

●b, pronounced as the American English /b/ sound.

●p, pronounced as /p/ in American English.

●d, pronounced as the /d/ sound in American English.

●t, pronounced as /t/ in American English.

●g, pronounced as the /g/ sound in American English.

●k, pronounced as the /k/ sound in American English.

The key point is that in American English, voiceless consonants are usually accompanied by aspiration, that is, they can be marked as /p?/, /t?/, /k?/, and /b/, /d/, /g / Opposite separately. In Italian, voiceless consonants are usually unaspirated, but it does not hurt even if they are pronounced aspirated, because to Italian ears, whether they are aspirated or not does not constitute a difference. This is difficult for most Chinese learners to understand, because there is no opposition between voice and voice in Mandarin Chinese, only the opposition between voiceless sounds and whether they are aspirated or not. When learning Italian, whether it is formal or self-study, I believe that 90% of the time, the word "Good morning" (Buon Giorno) will be regarded as a must-read sentence for beginners to learn Italian.

Of course, most Italian textbooks only teach that Buon Giorno means good morning, and most of them don't even mention why the word Buon is a bit weird. It should be an adjective, describing Giorno (sun; sky) as good and safe, and shouldn't the adjective have the suffix O (masculine) or a (feminine)? ! Why does Buon look different? However, when teaching "Good Night" (Buonasera) or "Good Night" (Buonanotte), after buon, the suffix "a" still appears normally? The textbooks didn't even explain it, so the more I read about it, the more I realized something strange happened.

Please take a look! -Nessundorma!

Why does the word Nessun seem so strange? It seems like the suffix is ??missing? ! Indeed. These words that should have suffixes but do not have suffixes (that is, words that lack the last vowel) have been deleted, and the usage of deletion is the usage of staccato. It is common and common, but in general Italian It is a pity that there are so few explanations in books.

To the extent that this kind of staccato is commonly used, let’s look at the indefinite article un (one). Un is a staccato word, and its true form is uno (masculine), or una (feminine). ). When the masculine noun used after uno begins with a consonant or a vowel, the o vowel is deleted. Some words that have the same last three letters as uno also have this usage of forming staccato sounds. For example, the original character of Nessun in the famous Nessundorma is Nessuno, which is a word whose last three letters are uno. From this we can see that Nessun originally This variant is caused by the staccato sound of NessunO, so the last vowel o is omitted. And please think about it, the buon in "Good morning" (Buon Giorno) mentioned at the beginning of this lesson is not a variant of the original word buono caused by the staccato. So the real word of BuonGiorno is BuonoGiorno, and the real word of Nessundorma is Nessunodorma.

There is also a very famous word bel canto (Bel Canto). What exactly is the word bel? It seems that this word is not in the dictionary? No! Yes, if you look it up in a dictionary, you can find that bel is a masculine noun and is a unit of sound strength, called bell. Of course, this word seems to have nothing to do with "Bel Canto". So this bel is definitely not that bel, so what exactly is the word bel in the word "Bel Canto"? It turns out that its original character is bello (beautiful). When the first letter of the subsequent noun is a consonant, bello will be staccato! It broke into a bel! Another example is belmondo (upper class), which is also used in a similar way!

From bello (beautiful) to bel, it can be seen that the staccato is not only formed by deleting the final vowel, but also deleting the final syllable lo. This is indeed the case. The formation of staccato involves deleting the last vowel or deleting the last syllable. There are many examples of deleting the last vowel in the previous section, and there are examples of deleting the last syllable, such as santo. The ending of quello is quel, and the ending of grande is gran. There are few examples.

The words amor and cuor are often used in operas. If you look it up in a dictionary, you will never find it because their tails have been cut off. The original words are amore and cuore respectively. [Heart], the common use of these two words is related to the fact that most Western operas are mainly love dramas, so their occurrence rate is very high.

From the above example, we can’t help but get inspiration: If a word does not have a final vowel, it is most likely to be staccato. Therefore, these words that cannot be found in the dictionary can be found in a very simple way. That is: look for the word followed by o or e and see if it is in the dictionary. If so, put it in an Italian sentence to see if the meaning can be combined. If so, That's it. Moreover, most of this method can successfully find the original word. If a word with a vowel at the end cannot be found in the dictionary, it may be that the broken word is a word with a vowel and a consonant. Then look for a word in the dictionary that has a consonant and a vowel at the end. Put the words produced by syllables (the syllables with o or e as the last vowel) in Yidali sentences to see if the meanings can be combined. If so, that's it. The method is the same as before.

There are as many examples of staccato in Italian as there are crucian carp crossing the river. If you just cite some opera aria titles, there are many examples:

※Mozart’s opera "Figaro" "Porgiamorqualcheristoro" (Porgiamorqualcheristoro) and "Volchesapetechecosae\'amor" (Volchesapetechecosae\'amor) in "The Wedding"

※ "Like a Dream" in Flotto's opera "Marta" (M\'appari\'tutt\'amor)

※"Dear Name" (Caronomecheilmiocor) from Verdi's opera Rigoletto

※Verdi's opera "DiProvenzailmar" in "La Traviata"

※"Unbeldi\', vedremo" in Puccini's opera "Madama Butterfly"

※"Cielomar" in Ponchielli's opera "Giogonda"

The above amor and cor, as mentioned before, are commonly used words in operas, respectively "amore" The staccato of [love] and cuore [heart]. And bel, as mentioned before, is the staccato of bello (beautiful); and the word mar cannot be found in the dictionary. So if you follow the method mentioned above and add a element after the word mar If you look for the sound o or e in the dictionary, you can find the word mare (there is no word maro). Its meaning is "sea", which is the correct interpretation of the word mar. Mar is the staccato sound of mare.