1. Overview:

During this period, China was basically a slave society. In the Xia Dynasty, two opposing classes formed between slaves and farmers, kings and nobles. After Yu's death, his son Qi succeeded him without election. From this, the hereditary system came into being.

2. Music reflected in life:

As mentioned in the overview, the opposition between two kinds of music occurred during the Xia Dynasty, that is, the opposition between the ruling class and ordinary working people. .

The first music emerged from music and dance. Music and dance during the Xia Dynasty were mainly for enjoyment and were part of a luxurious life. However, the Shang Dynasty was a little more advanced than the Xia Dynasty and was more used for sacrifices because religion was very prosperous at that time; and during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties "obscene pleasure". From some ancient poems, we can also see some music and dance conditions at that time, including labor production, marriage system, war conditions, slave life, people's curses on rulers, etc. It can be seen that the music of this period appeared in two different places in two different ways and had two different functions.

3. The Joy of Ge Tianshi

“In the past, the joy of Ge Tianshi was when three people were riding the oxtail and singing the Eight Towers:”

One said "Zai Min"

The second is "Xuanniao"

The third is "Suicaomu"

The fourth is "Fen Wugu"

The fifth is "reverence to Heaven"

The sixth is "establishing the emperor's merits"

The seventh is "depending on the virtues of the land"

The eighth is "the ultimate beast"

——"The Fifth Ancient Music of Lu's Spring and Autumn Scrolls in the Fifth Midsummer"

·"Ge Yao's" had entered the primitive agricultural stage

·" "Ge Tianshi's Music" is the earliest song and dance in the history of our country

· "Ge Tianshi's Music" is the earliest health-care dance and imitation Qigong in history

So, Ge Tianshi's Zhile can be said to be one of the important sources of Chinese culture and art.

4. The relationship between the ruling class and music:

During the Xia Dynasty, slave owners made use of music: to strengthen theocratic rule; to praise their martial arts and intimidate the people; to use music for their own enjoyment tools, etc.

(1) Theocratic rule

They claim to be representatives of gods, sanctify divination and elevate their own status. It attempts to drown out the reality of music and connect the mystery of seeking divination with music. The person who manages the divination profession is called "Witch", and he is also an expert in dance. It can be seen that the music of that era was closely connected with some sacrificial dances, divination and other things. This can be regarded as a characteristic of music at that time.

(2) Show off martial arts and intimidate people

The emergence of the music and dance "Da Yi" reflects this purpose. Use these to make the "ruling thoughts" penetrate among the people.

(3) Music enjoyment in the slave-owner stage

This was a common situation in early history, and music was their common entertainment tool. Music and dance during the Xia Dynasty were mainly for enjoyment and an integral part of luxurious life.

Music and dance of the First and Sixth Dynasties

Referred to as "Six Music", including the Yellow Emperor's "Cloud Gate" in the primitive commune era "; "Da Xian" in the Tang Yao period; "Da Pan [A3]" in the Yu Shun period; "Da Xia" in the Xia Yu period. These were all epic music and dances at that time, and most of them praised various periods. supreme ruler.

Erliu Xiaowu

Pu Wu: Holding feathers and silk - earth gods and grain gods, as symbols of national rights

Feather dance: holding half a cent Open feathers - offering sacrifices to temples and gods of the four directions

Imperial dance: wearing a feather hat, jade feather clothes, holding colorful feathers and dancing - offering sacrifices to gods and praying for rain

Dance: holding an ox tail And dance - sacrificial ceremony

Gan dance: dance with shield - military affairs, sacrifice to mountains and rivers

Human dance: dance sleeves with bare hands - sacrifice to stars and temples

These two kinds of music and dance are very important to the rulers. They are usually used to teach the children of nobles and are in charge of the most senior music officials.

Five religious music and dances - more emphasis

In addition, rulers also used music to designate occasions for the application of music: they must not only emphasize their own dignity, but also emphasize the sanctity of religion Sex; music program: differentiated treatment through class selection; band arrangement: all bands are centered on the seats of nobles and are required from the interests of the ruler.

Six Musical and Cultural Exchanges

Although the Han people occupy a relatively important position in China, they have had political, economic and cultural contacts with other ethnic minorities from very early on, and have More and more often.

About 2015, a "Fang Yi" tribe once presented music and dance to the King of Xia. Later, many ethnic groups came to the Xia Dynasty to perform dances;

6. Musical Instruments and Rhythm

In the Xia Dynasty, musical instruments were mainly used as pleasure tools for the rulers, among which the main The musical instruments include drums, bells, pans, pipes, Xiao, etc. Due to the gradual improvement of musical instruments at that time, specific classifications of musical instruments appeared, which were based on different materials.

"For three years, the eight tones have been sealed all over the world."

——"Shang Shu Shun Dian"

The eight tones were made by the ancients according to the materials of the musical instruments. classified.

"They are all played with eight tones - gold, stone, earth, leather, silk, wood, gourd and bamboo.

——"Zhou Li·Chun Guan Zongbo"

Among the eight instruments, the most diverse types of musical instruments are wind instruments made of leather and bamboo, and metal instruments also account for a considerable proportion. It can be seen from this that the technology of metal casting industry and musicology at that time has shown its prowess. The progress of music culture. "

——"Guoyu"

7. Summary

During the Xia Dynasty, the struggle between the two musical cultures began; music was divided between the "rulers" and the " The "ruled people" use it on both sides, one side uses it to express their wishes, consolidate their dominance and enjoy themselves, and the other side uses it to express their wishes and use it as a weapon in class struggle against slave owners; the Han people have already fought with other ethnic minorities Connect and communicate; the pitch of the instrument is mature and the interval relationship is mastered