The violin is a four-string bowed instrument, and the tuning from low to high is GDAE. Correspondingly, the four strings are also called GDAE strings. The roll call in the key of C is 5 (bass) 2 6 3 (treble). The intervals between every two adjacent strings are five degrees apart, and from this the position of all scale notes on each string can be inferred. In principle, the bass 567 and the alto 1 are on the G string, the 2345 is on the D string, the 67 and the treble 12 are on the A string, and the treble 4 and above are all on the E string. As shown in the picture:
If you use simplified musical notation to play or learn, you should start with the key of C. The position of its solfa on the string is exactly the same as the picture above. It is mainly to distinguish the bass, alto and treble. And octave high will do. After you master the key of C, it will be easier to learn other keys.
Extended information:
Performance skills
The violin is a singing melody instrument. Therefore, how to produce a singing-like, rich and beautiful sound on the violin is the most important issue in violin playing. As far as violin playing techniques are concerned, there are the following main basic skills.
1. Hold the bow
Hold the bow in your right hand, with the tip of your thumb close to the spiral sleeve (bow base), and the other fingers holding the bow rod so that the back of your hand forms a natural arc. Fingers need a soft bend. The bow stick is located at the end of the index finger, middle finger, and ring finger (i.e., the end of the finger). The thumb is just opposite to the middle finger. The tip of the little finger is easily placed on the bow stick, making it easy to move forward or backward according to the needs. Move forward when bowing and move backward when bowing). The four fingers should be slightly close together and should not be separated separately, otherwise they will look clumsy and unsightly.
2. Bowing
Excellent performers can produce ever-changing sounds on the violin. As far as bowing is concerned, it depends on the speed of the bow and the pressure of the bow on the strings. and different combinations of these three factors, the point of contact between the bow and the string. There are many violin bowing methods, the main ones are as follows:
① Split bowing: one bow plays one note, and the sound should be played cleanly and clearly;
② Continuous bowing : One bow plays many notes, which is used in many pieces of music. It is one of the most commonly used bowing methods;
③Dun the bow: the break between notes;
④ Jump bow: The bow hair leaves the strings.
These four types of bowing are the most basic. In the middle of the 20th century, continuous bowing, that is, playing many tones in a bow with interruptions between them, was regarded as The stunt was followed by the "natural jump bow," in which the bow hair is on the strings and sounds or looks like a jump bow. Therefore, people call the art of violin playing "the art of bowing".
3. Pitch
The pitch produced in singing and playing musical instruments can be consistent with the pitch regulated by a law, which is called pitch. Some musical instruments have pitch requirements when they are manufactured or tuned. In the process of singing and playing musical instruments, pitch must be solved at any time through the control of the singer and the performer. Achieving pitch depends on keen hearing, excellent musical instruments, exquisite skills and a suitable performance environment.
The physical structure of the musical instrument, the position of the sound hole, tension changes and air humidity, including the coordination of various parts of the piano, are all related to intonation. As far as string instruments are concerned, long-term playing and rising temperatures will cause the strings to relax. Therefore, the outstanding problem of the intonation of string instruments is how to correct the low pitch. As far as wind instruments are concerned, although the rise in temperature causes the tube body to stretch slightly, the air pressure decreases at the same time, the speed of sound increases, and the frequency also increases (according to actual measurements, every 10°C increase in temperature can increase the pronunciation of wind instruments by 3 cents), so the intonation of wind instruments is The outstanding problem is how to correct the high side.
The intonation of singing, string instruments, and wind instruments, when accompanied by piano, is based on equal temperament; however, since many intervals of equal temperament do not sound strictly consonant, so when singing solo, solo, duet, etc. When reciting a piece, it is often necessary to deviate from the average temperament and approach the pure temperament or the law of fifths in order to meet the pitch requirements.
4. Note levels
It has seven roll names (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si) or note names (C, D, E, F, For any tone named G, A, B), each tone level has several different pitches, which are distinguished by changing tone symbols. The relationship between each tone level is the basis of all pitch relationships in music.
5. Vibrato
Vibrato is one of the most expressive playing skills for violin, erhu, guitar and other string players. Adding appropriate vibrato at appropriate places in a musical phrase will make the sound much more vivid than a phrase without vibrato.
Vibrato is a very expressive technique in violin playing. It can be used to express each note or each section of different styles and characteristics. The key point of vibrato is how to find the best movement of the hands, and use the speed and vibrato width to play each piece with a unique style and characteristics.
Both elbow-arm vibrato and wrist vibrato should be practiced. Choose the speed and width of the vibrato to express the best musical characteristics.
When the wrist is rubbed back and forth, the joints of the fingers are driven, and the string contact points of the fingers cannot be displaced as the wrist is rubbed. When practicing wrist vibrato, you can start with three fingers. Because kneading with three fingers can make the movement looser, and then practice with two fingers and one finger. When practicing with four fingers, you can also place the three fingers close to the four fingers to help knead.
This kind of practice will make the vibrating effect more comfortable.
On the basis of wrist vibrato exercises, you can also gradually learn and become familiar with arm vibrato and finger vibrato. The purpose is to better enrich the expressive power of performance and adapt to the needs of various intensity and emotional changes.
6. Position
The position of the fingers of the left hand on the fingerboard is called the position. The handle near the headstock is the low handle, and the handle near the bridge is the high handle. Changing from one position to another is called changing positions. There are many ways to change the position, such as changing the position of open strings, changing the position of the same finger, changing the position of different fingers and overtones, etc. When changing handles, a slide sound that is not required for performance is a sign of insufficient skill training. In some cases, portamento can change the connection between sounds and add a beautiful transition. Especially the use of portamento in conjunction with changing handles is an expressive means of playing.
7. Two-hand skills
Left-hand skills of the violin: scales, double tones, changing handles, vibrato, overtones, and left-hand plucking.
Right-hand skills include: continuous bow, divided bow, continuous bow, continuous bow, jump bow, wave bow, strike bow, broken bow, and right-hand plucking.
Note: When not playing the violin, be sure to loosen the bow. Long-term tightness will shorten the service life.