if it is

if it is a fixed branch song

the coordinates of the top branch and the big branch are set, and the branches are installed in the second rotation.

branches spread in all directions, and one branch is regarded as a tree.

each branch has its own tree state, so it is necessary to arrange the response skillfully.

the left and right branches are long and short, so you want to see relaxation at first.

the depth of field is hidden by the ups and downs, and the length of the density takes consideration.

the pioneer of the big branch runs ahead, and the head coach of the top branch sits in the center.

where there is a branch, there must be a branch, such as a prescription.

don't just stay around and go out shirtless.

as the sun moves with it, the potted tree naturally has a direction.

layers don't cover each other, branches don't cover each other, and the scenery moves to view and hide.

First, if it is ten taboos and ten appropriate ones:

Ten taboos:

1. Park Jian's straight tree is rigid;

2. The branches of the soft curved-stem tree should avoid being oily;

3. Clear and sparse trees should not be sloppy;

4. Dense trees should not be cluttered;

5. A clever tree style is not attractive;

6. Gu Zhuo is a tree-like monster;

7. Scholars are thin and avoid being thin;

8. strong, short and fat should not be bloated;

9. Avoid dew angle in branch turning;

1. avoid sharp starting and ending branches and veins.

Ten Appropriate:

1. Trees with many and lush branches should be peaceful;

2. Trees with few and delicate branches should be calm;

3. Hard branches and strong trees should be plump (firm but soft);

4. The flexible bar with curved branches should be stiff (soft inside and rigid);

5. The tree with no one to depend on is stiff and slightly astringent;

6. The same or similar branches should be compact and arranged irregularly;

7. The branches with changeable turning points should be flexible;

8. The transverse branches or ridge branches with little change should be vigorous;

9. love to use thin branches, and use them beautifully;

1. Those who like to use strong branches should use them simply.

second, there are three points in pile selection.

the first point is to look at the root. The root should be raised from the board, and it is best to be flared. When the board is raised, it means that there should be big roots, which should not be round and flat, such as the back of a loach. Starting the line means that if many lines are generally linear, then it is meaningful to be like calligraphy strokes, interspersed with gathering and scattering, and intertwined.

The second point is dry. There are three points. One is dry and ancient, and it is necessary to get out of the pit (horse's eye) and start twisting (raised waterline). The other is dry and there are two kinds of songs. One kind of songs is relaxation and ups and downs, which are usually found in curved bars, not snake-shaped worms or right-angled and acute angles, which is a dead song.

. This kind of song is generally large and straight, and the details are seen in the song. The pole is straight, but the joints are rich in transformation, or there are scars, caves, tumors, wounds, dry peaks, residual heads, etc., that is to say, there must be rich texture changes.

the third point of looking at the tree stem is to close the phase. The so-called gradual change of closing the tip, from coarse to fine, makes a natural transition, and finally looks at the support. The so-called trust is to marry the branch. It is the original branch support that can be used when cutting piles. Generally, this branch support has a suitable branch point, angle and thickness, which can shorten the molding time, but the purchased pile head and companion support are generally not well left.

there are many advantages to digging and cutting piles by yourself. For example, if the partner stays well, it can even shorten the molding time of 4-5 years. According to these standards, there are no bad piles.

why are there cliffs and what do they represent?

Its inclination, turning and frustration all reflect the tension of life under harsh conditions.

It is not a cliff when it bends straight down. Strictly speaking, cliff piles in nature are the most rare. Restrain the strong and help the weak.

third, the raw pile treatment

leaves the shade root. Roots exposed to the soil in the natural environment are called yang roots, which have no rooting ability, but only the yin roots under the soil have rooting ability. It is not always useful to leave as many piles as possible. Anyone who has studied botany should know that the absorption of water, fertilizer and nutrients by plant roots depends on the exchange of cells in root hairs on fibrous roots and soil. And these absorbing root hairs, unless with soil balls, are all gone, so the length of the root system is not directly proportional to whether it can be rooted. Be sure to cut it in place to avoid secondary root cutting after living pile, which will cause damage to the stump. Disinfection and sealing of root system. Any "yin root" part under the soil. When the root system is cut in place, it will definitely cause a wound. The wound is the source of infection, which must be dealt with. Many people die of piles because of root wound infection. Treatment method: firstly, take a sharp knife to repair the kerf smoothly, which is convenient for plant healing and easy to produce new roots. Then use erythromycin ointment, etc., which can be soaked in potassium permanganate solution.

this is wound disinfection. The disinfectant can be a broad-spectrum disinfectant used by all animals and plants. Then there is sealing. Seal to isolate the source of infection. In my personal experience, there are only two kinds of sealing materials that are easy to obtain and have good effects. One is wax sealing, and the other is black glass glue.

white latex, paint and the like are not available. Many people ignore the root seal, but only the stem seal. White latex is an organic matter, which is eutrophic. It will lead to the proliferation of fungi. White latex is breathable and useless. Then there is the treatment of the wound of the stump. It's basically the same as the wound treatment of root system. But the function is not only to isolate the source of rot, but also to avoid water loss to avoid sprouting. Then there is the cultivation substrate, which requires sterility and prevention of infection. The granular structure is good, loose and breathable, and the drainage is good. So as to take root. In addition, it is necessary to adjust the PH value of the soil according to the pH demand of the stump.

finally, it is cultivation and maintenance. The cultivation and maintenance of raw piles are mainly about water control of roots and moisture preservation of trunks.

"dry roots and wet leaves" is the growth law of plants.

Proper water control and ventilation of the root basin soil are the good rooting environment for the stump. It can be considered that as long as it is loose and breathable and does not accumulate water, it is okay to pour more water. The moisturizing of the trunk is life-saving, which will continue the life of the stump until the transpiration of the branches and leaves of the stump and the absorption of the root system reach a balance. The measures that can be taken are frequent water spraying (tree stem), water-absorbent fabric winding (ventilation to avoid high temperature skin damage) and film winding to keep moisture. Wait a minute. You can also bottle the stump. It's relatively slow to root, but it doesn't have much impact.

iv. Rules for cutting piles

See the branch. If the included angle of the branch is less than 3 degrees, cut one and leave one; if it is greater than 3 degrees, it will not be cut flat first, and if the straight rod remains unchanged, leave 8-1 cm for cutting. See the curve and leave the curve, and see the straight saw, and the straight saw is the above principle. According to the angle. It won't be so messy if you cut it one step at a time and then choose it again. First of all, choose overlapping branches and verticillate branches. Overlapping branches are branches that go in the same direction at a branch point. A verticillate branch is a branch type with many branches planted at the same height of the trunk and branching in all directions. For such branches, the general principle is that only one branch is relatively beautiful, and the method of leaving two branches must be one long and one short, which is what I said before. To sum up, at the same height of the trunk, no matter the branch position, at most two branches are left, and it is not allowed to exceed two branches. But be careful not to leave two branches opposite to each other. Height? Regardless of the height, it depends on the tree shape, and it can be as high as it looks best. To put it simply, the height of the most beautiful and prominent stem on the pile is the height, and "one branch sees twists and turns" is the same meaning. That is to say, the most interesting branch is the main branch. It's good to leave this branch to show its beauty. There is no size regulation for the high point and low point. In addition, like what I said yesterday, the "sharp-bend endogenous branch" also needs to be killed. I have talked about the harm to the branch in detail before. In the conventional sense, "avoiding branches" is not good-looking, so kill them first. Then there is the question of the length of the branches, or it depends on the tree species. This requires a tree in the chest first, and you have to have an idea of what the tree will look like in the future, that is, a composition. Intercept the length of the pile according to the idea.

V. How to cultivate stumps

How to improve the survival rate of stumps How to plant living stumps in Yangjiang Zeng Xianye is the most concerned topic for every bonsai creator. Pile embryo is the foundation of pile landscape creation. No matter how good the pile embryo is, if it can't survive, and the conception and composition design are exquisite, it can only be helpless. The growth of trees has certain rules, which can be divided into vegetative growth period, reproductive growth period, nutrient accumulation period and dormancy period. There are 24 seasons throughout the year. Each season has its own growth law. This is a summary of predecessors' experience. It is a regular thing, and the creation of pile scenery should respect and adapt to these laws. Stump survival conditions. Stump can be divided into old pile, strong pile and young pile. The survival rate of young piles and strong piles is the highest, and the original field is very simple, that is, the nutritional sieve tube of the tree column itself is not aged, the regenerative energy is strong, and the cell division is active, so the survival rate is high. The stump must be excavated in the late dormancy period, and the best time is when the buds are full. As far as Guangdong is concerned, it is the best after the great cold and before the Qingming Festival: the specific tree species are different. Cold-resistant deciduous species such as Bromus, Euphorbia, and Prunus humilis, Shan Shiliu has the best time. Mountain pine, black pine, and 1 days before and after the great cold is better. Evergreen tropical tree species such as Murraya murraya, Tangerine, Boxwood, Podocarpus, Fujian Tea, etc. are better after beginning of spring and before long summer. Old trees and old giant piles are best before the great cold and after the winter solstice. In short, there is only one regulation, but the climate, environment and tree species are different in different places, so we must master it flexibly. Master the dialectical relationship among environment, light, humidity and temperature difference. The survival rate of stumps has a great relationship with the environment for raising stumps. Generally speaking, it is better to have a strong wind attack and full illumination from north to south. After the stump is excavated, it is necessary to keep the saturated humidity of the pile body and not lose water. When cultivating piles, if the soil is too dry, the water in the tree body will flow back to the soil. If the soil is too wet and the root of the pile is soaked, it will not be conducive to wound healing, cell division and growth of new roots. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the balance between dry body humidity and soil fertility humidity; The temperature is 1°C to 25°C, preferably. Increasing the upper temperature can promote the growth of new roots, so the soil should be exposed to sunlight, or the surface layer can be covered with black sand or black plastic film to facilitate the increase of soil temperature. On the other hand, the dry body can maintain humidity by spraying water, and the well can make the dry body water evaporate through illumination, and through root absorption and repeated circulation, so that the nutrient conveying sieve tube is unobstructed and the pile body can adjust itself and grow new roots as soon as possible. Pile breeding method 1. Treatment of pile trees. Roots are divided into yang roots and buried roots, and the roots exposed on the mud surface are called yang roots, so it is difficult to grow new roots after sawing; Buried roots are called fleshy roots, which are easy to grow new roots. Young roots are easier to grow new roots than thick roots, and wet fibrous roots are easier to grow new roots than young roots. Longer roots are easier to root than shorter ones, so long roots can be put in large piles and ancient piles properly, and then gradually retracted after survival to facilitate the pot. 2. Treatment of branches. The characteristic of Lingnan pile landscape is that it is cut off from branches, that is, it has gradually become a miniature of a tall tree with a high height and no surplus scale by replacing the trunk with the side for many times. Pile cutting is to select the trunk and companion according to the composition of the mind, and the length of companion is as short as possible. 3. Treatment of cultivated soil. The cultivated soil should be sterile, hydrophobic, delicate and breathable. Fresh coarse river sand is the best, followed by alluvial soil on the hillside, and old soil and garden soil cannot be used. The cultivated soil is mixed with 8 parts of river sand and 2 parts of red mud, which is suitable for most tree species that require slightly acidic soil, and coarse red mud is better for pine and cypress. 4. Wooden cases, bamboo baskets and coarse earthen pots are the best containers for pile cultivation, and the criteria are hydrophobic and breathable. The container is too large, so the soil temperature is not easy to increase. Therefore, it is advisable to cover the root surface with a thickness of about 2 cm, and it is better to keep a space of 5 cm between the root section and the container. 5. The root and dry section can be covered with white latex, and the root can be soaked in 5PPPm potassium permanganate aqueous solution for 12 hours, or planted after soaking, spraying and dipping with root promoter as required. How to judge the survival of stumps After the stumps are planted, they should be drenched once and placed in the sun. Water should be sprayed on the trunk four to five times a day, and no water should be drenched before germination. After germination, the soil is too drenchable. It is better to dry the soil tip. Generally, it germinates in 3 days and re-germinates in about 9 days. After the stump germinates for the second time, reduce the number of times of spraying water. If the new buds do not shrink under the scorching sun, the leaves are thick and shiny, which means that the stump has grown new roots and successfully raised the stump. After the stump survives, it will gradually transition to conventional management, and apply light fertilizer once every half month to make new buds grow wildly. After beginning of autumn, planting was carried out to cut off the unnecessary non-modeling tree buds, so that the nutrients could be concentrated on the modeling branches and the growth could be accelerated. For some stumps that are neither dead nor alive after half a year, as long as the roots of the stumps are not rotten, they can be pulled out, washed with tap water and planted with new soil, which can promote new roots and be beneficial to survival. As long as we respect the laws of nature and master the relationship among sunshine, humidity and temperature difference, we can effectively improve the success rate of breeding piles.

VI. Five steps of planting and raising piles down the mountain

Pile cutting is divided into three steps. First, the general branches are cut down on the mountain

about 15cm, and the key branches are appropriately extended

The second step is to go home for fine cutting, and the necessary ones are left, and the unnecessary ones are killed by neat roots. Pay attention to keep the useful companion support, and be sure to leave one more bud position.

the third step is to use all the upper and lower (branches and roots) cuttings quickly

The second step of "disinfection"

The disinfection method should distinguish tree species. Let me take miscellaneous wood as an example to talk about two simple methods. .

there are two kinds of miscellaneous trees in the relative disinfection process. One kind can be soaked in water, such as triangle maple, which can be soaked in potassium permanganate solution for more than half an hour. . . . Those who can't soak in water can be coated with erythromycin ointment and dried. Elm can't be soaked

In this link, some hormone drugs, such as rooting agent and vitamin B12, can be used appropriately. . .

elm, goldfinch, broom, etc. that can't be soaked can be soaked below

to enter the third link of "sealing". Sealing is very important. Many people ignore it. This is the biggest reason for the dead pile.

one purpose of sealing is to prevent the wound from being too large and the limited water in the plant from evaporating.

the second is to isolate the inside and outside, so as to prevent plants from being infected by germs and viruses. Many plants are not alive, that is, they are < P > and the nutrients stored in the piles are extremely limited, so they are used in the war against diseases, so there is no spare capacity to take root and sprout.

I usually adopt two sealing media, one is wax sealing and the other is black glass glue sealing.

wax is sealed with paraffin wax and connected with wax. I have also talked about two kinds of wax-receiving formulas in the group before. If you have time, you can make some spare ones yourself. Paraffin wax is ordinary candle or furniture wax. The use of paraffin wax is to bake it into the wood surface after painting.

Use black glass glue (remember it must be, because I won't talk about it

After all the previous work is finished, you can plant it. The key point of planting new piles is that soil < P > is a certain element soil, that is, soil with less organic matter and impurities. It needs good drainage, air permeability, water retention and aggregate property

The structure is loose, which is convenient for changing soil in the future without damaging roots. Most of them use coarse yellow sand. After planting, the problem of moisturizing remains. . Before the branches and leaves of the mountain stump reach a new balance of prosperity. Moisture retention of trees is very important.

There are many ways to moisturize, such as bagging, putting on felt, hanging bottles and so on. One thing to remember is that this moisturizing is to moisturize the tree body, and not all stumps can be satisfied just by watering.

the root system is not formed, so watering can't absorb it, which is useless. On the contrary, excessive watering will lead to the decay of new roots.

that's why I emphasize "dry roots and wet leaves" many times. This word actually has two meanings.

the first layer means that the nature of plants is basically dry and long roots and wet leaves.

in the other layer, the root system should be dry and the branches and leaves should be wet as much as possible during pile raising. Conventional means is to spray water on the branches.