What are the Chinese national plucked instruments?

Plucked instruments

Plucked instruments are a general term for instruments that use fingers or plectrums to pluck the strings and use bamboo to strike the strings to produce sounds. . Plucked instruments have a long history and come in many types and shapes. They are a very distinctive type of stringed instrument. According to differences in instrument shape, performance and playing methods, plucked instruments can be roughly divided into three categories:

〖The first category〗

A rectangular wooden box is used as the body. Zhang plays the strings with the strings lying flat:

Cheng

Chin

〖Second Category〗

The instrument is equipped with four, three or two strings. The left hand presses the strings and the right hand plucks the strings. It is usually played on the lap:

Pipa (Pi-pa)

Liuqin (Liuqin) -chin)

San-hsuan

Juan

〖The third category〗

The instrument is placed flat on On the wooden frame, bamboo strings are used to strike the strings to obtain the sound. It was introduced from abroad around the Ming Dynasty:

Yang-chin (Yang-chin)

Stringed instrument

Pull A stringed instrument is a musical instrument in which a horsetail mounted on a thin bamboo bow rubs the strings to cause them to vibrate and produce sound. Common stringed instruments in my country include Erhu, Gaohu, Zhonghu, Gehu, Beigehu, Banhu, Sihu, etc. Huqin existed as early as the Tang Dynasty and was scattered in literary works. It was called "Qin" at that time. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was widely spread among the people in northern my country and was called Xiqin. At present, there are no fewer than dozens of huqin-like instruments used in various places and various types of operas. They not only have beautiful timbres and distinctive local colors, but also have high-level playing skills and rich expressive capabilities. Especially the erhu has been used in recent decades. It has developed greatly in the middle of the year and has become an excellent performance instrument and an important band instrument.

Erhu (Erh-hu)

Kao-hu (Kao-hu)

Chung-hu (Chung-hu)

Coconut Hu (Yeh-hu)

Ke-hu

Pan-hu (Pan-hu)

Ching-hu (Ching-hu)

What are the Chinese national musical instruments~~ The more and more detailed the better~~

Treasures of the Chinese Nation Introduction to Chinese National Musical Instruments Our country’s national musical instruments have a long history and are rich in variety, unique and self-contained. Civilized in the world, it is one of the treasures of China's national music culture. According to folk classification, it can be divided into the following four categories: Wind instruments: Dizi, Suona, Guan Sheng and other string instruments: Erhu, Jing, Hu, Banhu, Gaohu and other plucked instruments: Guqin, Guzheng, Pipa and Sanxian Percussion instruments: gongs, drums, cymbals and other wind instruments. The flute is the most widely circulated national musical instrument in China. It has a long history. The "Hengdi" in the Han Dynasty is also known as "Hengxi". The timbre of the flute is crisp and bright, and it is often used for solos. Its treble range High-pitched and bright, suitable for expressing vast artistic conception; sweet and mellow mid-range, suitable for expressing pastoral flavor or beautiful and smooth singing melodies. The flute has rich playing skills, including glissando, wave, pause, staccato and other techniques. Traditional flute There are bangdi and qudi. The bangdi is named after it accompanies bangzi opera. The shape is short and small, the tone is strong and bright, and the performance is more focused on the use of tongue skills. The representative song is "Happy Encounter". The qudi is named after accompaniment of Kun Opera. Name. The sound is rounder and softer, the shape is longer, and the performance emphasizes the control of breath. The representative is "Partridge Flying". Suona Suona was introduced to China from Persia in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and was widely spread among Chinese people. It is an important instrument in military music, opera, song and dance, and folk wedding and funeral celebrations. Suona is mainly composed of whistles, poles, copper bowls, etc. According to size, it can be divided into large suona, medium suona and small suona. The sound of suona is outstanding and rough and high-pitched. , with a huge volume. When played hard, it can express a warm and jubilant atmosphere or magnificent momentum; when played weakly, it can produce a soft and beautiful tone like a flute. Its rich playing techniques can also simulate bird calls, human voices, etc., which is a very expressive instrument. Guan Guan is a powerful solo instrument and often plays the lead role in ensembles. The representative song is "A Hundred Birds Pay Attention to the Phoenix". Guan Guan was first used in palace bands, and later became widely popular among northern folk. It became the mainstay in wind and percussion bands in Northeast China, North China, Shandong, Shanxi and other places. One of the musical instruments. The pipe is composed of a whistle and a wooden pipe. There are eight sound holes on the pipe. According to the thickness and length of the pipe body, it can be divided into small pipe, medium pipe and large pipe. The pipe has rich playing skills, especially portamento, which can It imitates human voices, flute sounds, and animal sounds. It is a solo instrument with strong expressiveness. The representative work is "River Water". The number is different. After the Song Dynasty, the Yu gradually disappeared. The Sheng is mainly composed of a Sheng bucket, a reed, and a Sheng pipe. The Sheng bucket is made of copper, and the Sheng pipe is made of bamboo. The sound of the Sheng is sweet, soft, and bright, and it can not only play sweet melodies, but also It can use the articulation technique to produce a sound similar to that of a plucked instrument. It plays a harmonious role in the ensemble. It is represented by "Phoenix Spreading Wings". The stringed instrument Erhu Erhu is also known as Nanhu, Humzi, etc. It consists of a piano tube, a piano rod, a tuning axis, and two pianos. The erhu is composed of strings, qianjin, and string horses. The bow is sandwiched between the strings to rub the strings to produce sound. The inner strings have a soft and full tone; the outer strings have a bright and vigorous tone. The erhu is suitable for playing soft and delicate lyrical melodies, and can also be played with some special playing techniques. Vigorous and powerful or lively and cheerful melodies can also imitate the sound of gongs and drums, horses' neighing, birdsong, horse hoofbeats, etc. Representative works: "The Moon Reflects on Two Springs" and "Light Walk" Jinghu Jinghu, also known as Huqin, is the main accompaniment instrument of Peking Opera and Han Opera. The piano stem and barrel are both made of bamboo, with a snakeskin mouth covering and a short body. It is played with a horsetail bow. In the early days, soft bows were used to play, and later hard bows were used, with high-pitched and loud sounds. There are a large number of Beijing and Hu-specific tunes in Peking Opera, such as "Xiaomenmen", "Deep Night", "Liu Qingniang", etc. Banhu Banhu, also known as Banghu and Qinhu, is the main accompaniment instrument for Bangzi tune and other operas and folk arts. The piano tube is mostly made of coconut shell or other wood, and the surface of the tube is Tuned in fourths or fifths. The range is higher, the tone is solid, and the tone is bright.

. Representative works include: "Hua Bangzi", "The Red Army Brother is Back", etc. Gaohu In 1926, Lu Wencheng and others brought Shanghai's erhu to Guangzhou, improved the range, switched to steel wire, and made Cantonese erhu (ie Gaohu), which became Guangdong's erhu One of the main instruments of music. The Gaohu instrument is slightly smaller than the Erhu, the volume is louder than the Erhu, and the tone is brighter than the Erhu. The playing technique is similar to that of the Erhu, and it can take over the high-pitched area that the Erhu is unable to perform in the band. Representative repertoire of the Gaohu include "Rain Beats the Plantains", "Pinghu Autumn Moon", etc. The stringed instrument Guqin is also known as the lyre. In ancient times, it was also known as Green Qi, Silk Tong, etc. It is played horizontally. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it became a solo instrument with strong expressiveness. Guqin is generally used The long and flat sound box is made of Paulownia wood, with seven strings. The strings are tuned according to the pentatonic scale, and the range reaches four octaves. Representative works include: "Yangguan Three Layers", "Xiaoxiang Water Cloud", "Mountain Flowing Water" and "Hujia Eighteen Beats" etc. Zheng is a flat plucked instrument. It is a long wooden sounder with strings on the surface and strings under the strings, which can be moved to adjust the pitch. Folk music in various regions has its own characteristics and forms different schools. , more famous in Henan, Shandong, Chaozhou, Hakka, Zhejiang and other places. Representative work: "Fishing Boat Sings Evening" Pipa is a stringed instrument played with the hand held in the hand. In ancient times, all instruments played with the hand held in the hand were called pipa, such as Ruan, Sanxian , Qin Qin, etc. After the Song Dynasty, the pipa became the specific name for the plucked instrument with a curved neck and a semi-pear sound box, so it is also called the curved neck pipa. It was introduced to China from India in about the 4th century AD. The pipa has four strings and six phases. 25th fret, the tone is crisp and soft. Representative works include "Ambush from Flying Daggers" and "The Overlord Disarms", etc. Sanxian Sanxian, also known as Xianzi, is a traditional plucked instrument in my country. The handle is very long, the sound is square, covered on both sides, and the strings are three. Huai performance. The tone is rough and bold, and is commonly used in national instrumental music, opera music and rap music. Sanxian is divided into two types: minor sanxian and major sanxian. In the north, various big drums, single strings and other folk arts are mostly accompanied by major sanxian; in southern folk arts such as playing lyrics, Kun opera, etc. Small sanxian is often used in operas and string and bamboo instrumental ensembles. Percussion instruments are instruments that produce sound through percussion. It is a very distinctive part of my country's national musical instruments and an indispensable accompaniment instrument in folk songs, dances, raps, and operas; in Folk custom activities, weddings and funerals, and other activities are often used to create a warm atmosphere. Percussion instruments have a loud volume, rich timbre, and strong rhythm. They can be played together with wind instruments, string instruments, or independently. Depending on the production materials, the shape of the instrument and sound effects, which can be divided into drums, gongs, cymbals, and plates. Drums include large drums, snare drums, pan drums, timpani, and panel drums. Gongs include large gongs, small gongs, soup gongs, and timpani gongs. Ten-sided gongs, etc. Cymbals include large cymbals, medium cymbals, small cymbals, etc. Board types include clappers, bamboo boards, clappers, wooden fish, etc. According to pitch, they can be divided into two types: fixed and unfixed. Fixed pitch.

What are the national musical instruments?

National musical instruments are unique musical instruments of China.

(1) Instrumental music of the Pre-Qin period. According to unearthed cultural relics and documentary records, the musical instruments of the Pre-Qin period included drums, harps, beadles, bigu, ying, tian, county drums, bells, yongs, nan and zheng. , chime, fou, braided pan, bell, pottery bell, Ya, Zhu, Hao, He, Luan, reed, whistle (made of pottery, bone, etc.), Xun, 龠, Heao, Yan, Xiao, Guan, Chi, There are many kinds of instruments such as sheng, qin, zither, and zhu. In primitive society, the emergence of musical instruments was closely related to myths and legends, worship of gods, folk dances, labor and life, etc.

After entering class society, musical instruments were mainly used for entertainment and enjoyment of rulers, in addition to being used in religious, ceremonial and other occasions. The production of musical instruments is exquisite and luxurious, and the scale is getting larger and larger. For example, it is recorded in "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Extravagant Music": "Xia Jie and Yin Zhou regarded the extravagant music as the sound of big drums, bells, chimes, pipes, and Xiaos, with huge For the sake of beauty, the public is the observer; the ears have never heard of the unique beauty, and the eyes have never seen it, so they should pass by each other without thinking about measuring them."

(2) Instrumental music from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The main musical instruments that appeared at that time were zither, pipa (in two different shapes, Qin Hanzi and Ruan Xian), flute, fangxiang, and harp harp (that is, the lying harp). Zheng, pipa and flute are all accompaniment instruments of "Xianghe Song".

During this historical period, a large number of foreign musical instruments were absorbed. For example, with the introduction of drum music, wind instruments such as Jia, Jiao, Zhongming, Changming, and Qiang flute were also used.

Due to the interaction with the culture of the Western Regions, the main musical instruments passed down include the vertical harp, Persian pipa (i.e. Quxiang pipa), and the Pipa harp.

The vertical harp is also a Persian musical instrument and was introduced to our country during the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Quxiang pipa passed through India and Xinjiang around 350 AD and was introduced to the Gansu area. According to "Liang Shu Jian Wen Di Ji", it was spread to the south at least in 551 AD (Nanbei Lang).

(3) Instrumental music in the Sui and Tang Dynasties During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, due to further cultural exchanges in the Western Regions, the number of musical instruments increased sharply. Especially drum instruments, this may be due to the development of song and dance music.

Percussion instruments include cymbals, clappers, festival drums, stick drums, waist drums, Yubao drums, fan drums, 桴gu, Qi drums, Dan drums, Jie drums, Dutan drums, Mao Yuan drums, and Da drums. There are more than 30 kinds of wax drums, chicken drums, etc.; there are more than 20 kinds of stringed instruments such as duxianqin, three-stringed qin, laoqin, zither, wind-shou harp, five-stringed pipa, Xiqin, etc.; wind instruments include bamboo flute and Yizui flute. There are more than 20 kinds of instruments, such as harp hand flute, peace pipe, peach skin and long pipe. An important change in musical instruments during this period was the emergence of the stringed instruments Jia Zheng and Xi Qin, which opened up a new field of musical instrument performance.

(4) Instrumental music of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties Stringed instruments experienced outstanding changes and development during this period. Following the Xi Qin, the Mawei Huqin appeared in the Song Dynasty. Also found in records are the huqin, daruan, five-stringed ruan, yueqin, huluqin, Bohaiqin, Huobusi, two-stringed instrument, dambula, kitar, labab, fiddle, harzak, and dulcimer. There are more than fifty kinds of string instruments (actually there are far more types of folk string instruments than these).

During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the wind instrument Suona (also known as Jinkoujiao, Suernai, Suona) was introduced from the north. The performance combination of drum and wind instruments once again produced major changes, from timbre and volume. and style to further enrich the performance of drum music. Suona was originally used in military music.

For example, the Sanqu "Chao Tianzi: Chanting the Trumpet" in "Mr. Wang Xilou's Yuefu" written by Wang Pan of the Ming Dynasty: "The trumpet and the trumpet, the tunes are small and the tunes are big, and the official ships come and go like a mess. It all depends on you. The army is worried and the people are afraid.

What kind of truth and falsehood are you going to do? Let the geese fly away after blowing all the water!" According to the records in "Sancai Tuhui" written by Wang Qi, suona has been used among the people in the Ming Dynasty. "Several important components of the local style of folk instrumental music" The composition of the local style characteristics of instrumental music works, from a technical point of view, involves the entire basic expression means of music (the pitch relationship of the tune, mode, tonality, rhythm, beat , speed, range, intensity, timbre, playing method, texture, etc.) and overall means of expression, they are the indispensable basic elements that make up the style characteristics of an instrumental work.

According to the performance characteristics of my country's traditional folk instrumental music, generally speaking, the important components of local style are performance skills, traditional folk melody development techniques, and band composition. [Edit this paragraph] Solo music "Flute and Sheng Music" ●The flute is made in the shape of a bamboo tube with a blow hole, a membrane hole, two (or four) air holes and six sound holes. .

The film hole is covered with reed film or bamboo film, the left end of the blowing hole is plugged with a flute stopper, and the blowing is done horizontally. ●Northern bangdi music Bangdi includes "Five Bangzi", "Happy Encounter", "Flying a Kite", "Hanging Red Lanterns" and "Orioles Spread Wings" played by Feng Zicun; "Selling Vegetables", "Bird in the Shade" and "Hebei" played by Liu Guan "Open the South Little Door", "Peace Dove" and "Backtalk".

●Representative songs of southern flute music include: "Little Herding Cows", "Partridge Flying", "Happy Song" and "Zhonghua Liuban" played by Lu Chunling; "Three Five Seven" played by Zhao Songting "Morning" and "Journey to Suzhou" performed by Jiang Xianwei. ●Sheng music Sheng is an ancient reed instrument in my country. As early as the Yin Dynasty (1401 BC - 1122 BC) oracle bone inscriptions, there is the name He (ie Xiao Sheng).

The ancient "Book of Songs·Yi Ji" has already mentioned "playing the sheng and the drum", and the "Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Lu Ming" also records "blowing the sheng and drums". Later, the Sheng instrument was recorded in many places in historical documents such as "Rituals", "Zhou Rites" and "Book of Rites".

The earliest physical instrument was found in the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Suixian County, Hubei Province. It has a history of more than 2,400 years. Historically, instruments with twenty-two, twenty-three, and twenty-six reeds were generally called Yu; instruments with nineteen, seventeen, and thirteen reeds were called Sheng.

The shape of Sheng: Sheng is mainly composed of three parts: Sheng reed, Sheng flute and Sheng bucket. Sheng reeds were made of bamboo in ancient times, but later they were made of brass; Sheng flutes are bamboo tubes of different lengths (mostly made of purple bamboo), with a long sound window (i.e. sound hole) near the upper end and a sound hole near the lower end. There is a circular sound hole, and the lower end is embedded with a wooden sheng foot to hold the reed, and is inserted into the sheng bucket; the sheng bucket is made of gourd, wood or copper, with a round flat top, and a hole for inserting seedlings on the top. Even has a mouthpiece.

The development of Sheng solo art: The development of Sheng solo art is mainly in the north. "Erhu, Banhu Music" ●Overview of Erhu: Erhu, Jinghu, Jing Erhu, Ruangong Jinghu, Genka, Cantonese Hu, Sihu, Zhuiqin, Zhonghu, Dahu, etc.; Bannian types such as Banhu, Yehu, Erhu, etc. string.

●Banhu music There are many types of banhu among the people.

What are the national musical instruments?

National musical instruments are divided into four categories: body-sounding instruments; membrane-sounding instruments; air-sounding instruments; and string-sounding instruments.

1. Body-sounding instruments: (1) Percussion body-sounding instruments: jingdong, wooden stick qin, rhyme board, keno bamboo tube, bamboo qin, gong, clang, singles, cymbals, bronze drums, etc. wait. (2) Mutual sounding instruments: sticks, bronze mirrors, bamboo clappers, bamboo poles, cymbals, cloth cymbals, breast cymbals, head cymbals, two cymbals, small cymbals, cymbals, big cymbals, sines, cymbals, and small cymbals , touch cup, touch bell, waist bell, kuosuke, bench, other stone, other stone, bone board, etc.

(3) Percussive musical instruments: pestle, bamboo pounding tube, bamboo tube, Yao bamboo tube, aga, etc. (4) Shaking musical instruments: Lianxiang stick, Sabayi, Reba bell, Panling, Vajra bell, Yao bell, Shaman bell, shaking bell, string bell, copper bell, eight treasures copper bell, master's knife, etc.

(5) Comprehensive musical instruments: bamboo reeds, Dandao reeds, iron reeds, Xibe iron reeds, etc. 2. Membrane-sounding instruments: (1) Blow-beating membrane-sounding instruments: big drum, Zhonglao of the Zhuang ethnic group, large drum of the Yao ethnic group, large drum of the Shui ethnic group, large drum of the Shui ethnic group, Saitu, Luedou, Guanglong, Xianjiang, Yao ethnic monkey drum, and Miao ethnic monkey drum. , waist drum, plate drum, pig mouth drum, ginger drum, war drum, flat drum, music drum, book drum, fire drum, Rudong, snare drum, Taiping drum, sun drum, ring drum, lifting drum, dama, nagra, Damaru, Jiangu, Shengu, Na'er, Dabur, Bamboo drum, etc.

(2) Membrane-beating musical instruments: Sherpa drum, octagonal drum, tambourine, dabu, yellow mud drum, changgu, Guangya, Guangtun, etc. (3) Mixed membrane-beating instruments: hand drums, round drums, side drums, double-sided drums, stick drums, bee drums, Wangdu, etc.

3. Air-sounding instruments: (1) Lip-vibrating air-sounding instruments: horns, copper horns, steel horns, conches, deer flutes, trombones, tubes, cymbals, bubba, etc. (2) Vocal and air-sounding musical instruments: acacia flute, etc.

(3) Bianlang air-sounding instruments: Hujia, Zhuangdi, Naiyi, transverse flute, transverse flute, short flute, tube flute, nose flute, Sibuxue, eagle flute, bone flute, Turen, Zhitongxiao, Bulia, Bagadiudong, Liedu, Diguizhen, Kuluo, double-barreled nose flute, Zhaling, Awu, Di Laono, Niwawu, Roe Deer Whistle, etc. (4) Breathing instruments: night flute, dong flute, Chinese flute, prize, wageluo, xionglin, sunaiyi, doulu, bass doulu, pacific flute, rattle, may flute, bamboo flute, bamboo bamboo shoots , Lerong, sister flute, double-barreled Dong flute, Bo Xiaohu, Juezhenjie, etc.

(5) Single-reed air-sounding instruments: Bawu, Ju, Ju Xiang, Miao Di, Mang Tong, Bamboo Leaf Flute, Ma Bu, Ju Lu, Cun Di, Dong Dong Kui, Pen Guan, Da Dilong, Juduohe, Bolu, Jujian, Lilie, Liluo, Dilie, Juer, Julangbulang, Mangdi, Meidu, Qizhen, double-barreled Bawu, double-barreled 筚langdao, 筚General, decisive, double-barreled bamboo-leaf flute, double-barreled mabu, fichak, handa, gourd-sheng, reed-sheng, pai-sheng, Konoha, etc.

(6) Double-reed air-sounding instruments: Balaman, Bobo, Xijuozhen, Xiaomudi, Suernai, Changsuona, Jialing, Bolie, Miao suona, Bai suona, Yi suona, Bai, Leyou· Lelang, Dongba, Kuoshi Naiyi, Shuangjuozhen, Changji, Double-tube Muffler, ***, Shuanglelang, etc.

4. Stringed instruments: (1) Percussion stringed instruments: bamboo tube qin, bamboo qin, qiang, etc. (2) Plucked string instruments: Xuanqin, Gayageum, Yatuoga, Wuxianqin, Duxianqin, Wuxianqin, Naxi Pipa, Huobusi, Hulei, Kaomuzi, Sugudu, Zha Munian, Danbul, Saiyituer, Biyue Corbel Qin, Dutar, Kashgar Rewapu, Dolangrewapu, Rewapu, Barangzikum, Kumuriyi, Akendong Bula, Band Dongbula, Yueqin, Guizhou Xianning Yi and Buyi Yueqin, Yi four-stringed instrument, Miao four-stringed instrument, Dong large pipa, Dong medium pipa, Dong small pipa, Qibuer, big three-stringed instrument, leading three-stringed instrument, and Yi small three-stringed instrument , Lahu small sanxian, Lisu sanxian, Sai Ding, Zhuang sanxian, Laoshi sanxian, Yi major sanxian, Yi middle sanxian, Miao sanxian, Tianqin, vertical harp, phoenix-head harp, double-row harp, wild goose pillar harp, Modify the harp, caron, bow harp, dabia, dai ding, tovshur, donbur, fitekna, sanshin, etc.

(3) Bow-drawn and stringed musical instruments: Tini, Yazheng, Tajik Ejik, Huqin, Satal, Husital, Coconut Hu, Calabash Hu, Tuhu, Genka, Duo Lang Aijie, Aijie, treble Aijie, bass Aijie, single-string Huqin, Shizheng, Dinghei, Xiqin, reform Xiqin, four-string Xiqin, Biwang, tieqin, Tibetan Jinghu, horse bone Hu, bamboo tube Hu, Naxi Huqin, Erhuang, Langduoyi, Xidian, Doluo, Zani, Yi Sanhu, Sihu, Mongolian Sihu, Sixianhu, Yi Sihu, Buyi Sihu, Morinqin, Keyak, Er Zhi, Corbel Qin, Kubuzi, Chaoer, etc.

What are the Chinese musical instruments?

Guzheng, Guqin, Xun, Xiao, Morinouqin, Pipa, Suona, Sheng, Leiqin, Gaohu, Jinghu,

Musical Instruments Classification

Wind instruments

Most of the sound bodies of wind instruments in my country are made of bamboo or wood. According to their different starting methods, they can be divided into three categories:

The first category uses airflow into the mouthpiece to arouse the vibration of the pipe string, including flutes, flutes (qudi and bangdi), mouth flutes, etc.

In the second category, the airflow is blown through the reed to vibrate the pipe string, including suona, sea flute, pipe, double pipe and throat pipe.

The third category, where the airflow passes through the reeds and causes the pipe string to vibrate, includes Sheng, Bao Sheng, Pai Sheng, Bawu, etc.

All musical instruments: wooden leaves, paper, bamboo tubes (Dong people), snail flutes (Zhuang people), Zhaojun (Han people), Tuliang (Jingpo people), Sibusi, Er (Kazakh people) ), mouth flute (Han nationality), bark pipe (Miao nationality), bamboo trumpet (Nu nationality), Xiao (Han nationality), shakuhachi, nose flute (Gaoshan nationality), flute (Han nationality), pan flute (Han nationality), Dong flute ( Dong people), Bamboo whistle (Han people), Panpipe (Han people), Duo (Kemu people), Chi (Han people), Xun (Han people), Bei (Tibetan people), Zhanjian (Miao people), Sister Xiao (Miao people), Dong Dongkui (Tujia), Pinda (Li), (Kouli)lie (Li), Suona (Han), Guan (Han), Shuangguan (Han), Throat (Han), Mangtong (Miao), Sheng (Han nationality), Lusheng (Miao, Yao and Dong nationality), Quesuo (Hani nationality), Bawu (Hani nationality), whistle (Oroqen nationality).

Plucked instruments

There are two types of plucked instruments in my country: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal type, such as: zither (guzheng and modified zither), guqin, dulcimer and duxianqin, etc.; vertical type, such as: pipa, ruan, yueqin, sanxian, Liuqin, Tambula and Zhamu Nie, etc.

Typical musical instruments: pipa, zither, dulcimer, lyre (guqin), hot wap, dombra, ruan, Liuqin, three-stringed lute, yueqin, and Tanbool.

All musical instruments: metal mouth string (Miao) (Kirgiz), bamboo string (Yi), bow (Gaoshan), pipa (Han), Ruan (Han), Yueqin (Han) , Qinqin (Han nationality), Liuqin (Han nationality), Sanxian (Han nationality), Rewafu (***er nationality), Tambula (Kazakh nationality), Zhamunie (Tibetan nationality), Zheng (Han nationality), Guqin (Han nationality) , Gayeqin (Korean), vertical harp, wild goose pillar harp.

Percussion instruments

According to their different pronunciation, they can be divided into: 1. Sounding copper, such as: large gong, small gong, cloud gong, large and small cymbals, bells, etc.; 2. Sound wood, such as: board, clapper, wooden fish, etc.; 3. Leather, such as: large and small drums, flat drums, row drums, elephant foot drums, etc.

Typical musical instruments: tanggu (big drum), banging bells, cylinder drums, timpani cylinder drums, bronze drums, Korean long drums, large gongs and small gongs, small drums, paigu, dabu (hand drums), and large cymbals.

All musical instruments: Bangzi (Han nationality), pestle (Gaoshan nationality), dingdong (Li nationality), pear slices (Han nationality), Lagan (Dai nationality), chime (Han nationality), wooden drum (Wa nationality), Cheke (Jino nationality), cymbal (Han nationality), gong (Han nationality), cloud gong (Han nationality), ten-faced gong (Han nationality), star (Han nationality) - bump bell, bell (Han nationality), chime bell (Han nationality), Lian Xianggun (Han), Huotou (Han), Jinggui (Han), Ban (Han), Muyu (Han), Wu Xun (Han), Fa Ling (Tibetan), Yao Ling (Manchu), Flower Pot Drum ( Han nationality), bronze drum (Zhuang, Gelao, Buyi, Dong, Shui, Miao, Yao nationality), elephant foot drum (Dai nationality), Nagra drum (***er nationality), Yugu (Han nationality), Setu (Jinuo nationality), Jingtang drum (Han nationality), waist drum (Han nationality), long drum (Korean nationality), Dab (Han nationality), Taiping drum (Manchu nationality), forehead (Tibetan nationality), rattle (Han nationality), dulcimer (Han nationality), bamboo qin (Yao people), Dandao (Kemu people), Sabayi (***er people).

Stringed instruments

Most stringed instruments have two strings, and a few use four strings, such as Sihu, Gehu, Aijie, etc. Most of the piano tubes are covered with snake skin, python skin, sheepskin, etc.; a few are made of wooden boards such as coconut palm, banhu, etc. A few are flat or oblate, such as morinouqin, penhuhu, banhu, etc. Some of their timbres are elegant and soft, some are clear and bright; some are vigorous, cheerful and full of singing.

Typical musical instruments: Erhu, banhu, Gehu, morinouqin, Aijie, Jinghu, Zhonghu and Gaohu.

All musical instruments: Lesaw (Russian), Laxian Kouxian (Tibetan), Erhu (Han), Gaohu (Han), Jinghu (Han), Sanhu (Han), Sihu (Han) ), Banhu (Han), Zhuiqin (Han), Zhuihu (Han), Xiqin (Han), Yehu (Han), Leiqin (Han), Erxian (Han), Datong (Han), Morinqin (Mongolian) ethnic group), Maguhu (Zhuang ethnic group), Aijiejie (*** Er ethnic group), Satar (*** Er ethnic group), Corbeled Qin (Dong ethnic group), Duxianqin (Wa ethnic group), Yazheng (Korean ethnic group) ), Yazheng (Han nationality).

What plucked instruments are there in China

Plucked instruments

There are two types of plucked instruments in my country: horizontal and vertical. Horizontal type, such as: zither (guzheng and modified zither), guqin, dulcimer and duxianqin, etc.; vertical type, such as: pipa, ruan, yueqin, sanxian, Liuqin, Tambula and Zhamu Nie, etc.

The sound of the instrument is bright and crisp. There are two ways to play with the right hand: wearing false nails and playing with a plectrum. The skills of the right hand are fully utilized, such as playing, picking, rolling, wheeling, hooking, wiping, buckling, slicing, whisking, dividing, tapping, shooting, lifting, picking, etc. The richness of the skills of the right hand also promotes the development of the left hand's pressing, chanting, pulling, shaking, twisting, pushing, pulling, bending, vertical and rising skills.

Except for the duxianqin, most of the musical instruments have a strong rhythm, but the lingering sound is short, and long tones must be played in rolls or turns. Plucked instruments generally have little change in intensity. In the band, except for the guqin, which has a weak volume, the other instruments have strong sound penetration.

Except for the duxianqin, plucked instruments mostly use yards (or columns) to divide the pitch. The vertical type uses phases and frets to divide the pitches, which are divided into phaseless and fretless. Except for ordinary zithers arranged according to the pentatonic scale, they are generally easy to modulate.

Various types of instruments play overtones to great effect. Except for the duxianqin, all instruments can play double tones, ***, pipes and interval jumps.

There are many styles of playing musical instruments in my country, and the names and symbols of playing techniques are also inconsistent.

Typical musical instruments: pipa, zither, dulcimer, lyre (guqin), hot wap, dombra, ruan, Liuqin, three-stringed lute, yueqin, and Tanbool.

All musical instruments: metal mouth string (Miao) (Kirgiz), bamboo string (Yi), bow (Gaoshan), pipa (Han), Ruan (Han), Yueqin (Han) , Qinqin (Han nationality), Liuqin (Han nationality), Sanxian (Han nationality), Rewafu (***er nationality), Tambula (Kazakh nationality), Zhamunie (Tibetan nationality), Zheng (Han nationality), Guqin (Han nationality) , Gayeqin (Korean), vertical harp, wild goose pillar harp.

According to differences in instrument shape, performance and playing methods, plucked instruments can be roughly divided into three categories:

The first category is represented by the lyre, including harp, zither and other instruments. This type of musical instrument has a rectangular wooden box as the body, with strings stretched out, and is played flat. Except for the lyre, which can be played by pressing the strings, the rest only use its open strings.

The second category is represented by the pipa, which includes Liuqin, Yueqin, Ruan, Sanxian and other instruments. It is equipped with four, three or two strings. The left hand presses the strings and the right hand plucks. It is usually played on the lap. .

The third category is the dulcimer. It is placed flat on a wooden frame and the strings are struck with bamboo to obtain the sound. It was introduced from abroad around the Ming Dynasty.

What are China’s national musical instruments

Hulusi, Pai Sheng, Guqin, Pipa, Erhu, etc.

1. Hulusi

Hulusi, also known as "Gourd Xiao", is an ethnic musical instrument in Yunnan. Hulusi originated in Lianghe County, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, and is mainly popular. The Dehong and Lincang areas of Yunnan, where the Dai, Achang, Wa, Deang and Blang ethnic groups live together, are rich in local color. Hulusi is often used to play folk tunes such as folk songs, and is most suitable for playing music or dance music with smooth melody. The tunes generally have more long tones, rich choruses, and the music is soft and harmonious, which can better express the performer's thoughts and feelings.

2. Pai Sheng

Pai Sheng, also known as Lusheng, is a single-reed air-sounding instrument of the Miao, Dong, Shui, Yao, and Gelao ethnic groups. It was called Lusha in ancient times. Miao, Dong and Shuiyu are all called stems. In Miao language, it is also called Gadou, Gajie, Gadong, Gazheng, etc. Dong is also known as Genlan, Genlanni, Genglao, etc. In Yao language, it is called Lou system. In Kemu language, they are called Kane and Song Guner. Popular in Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan and other provinces and regions.

The Pai Sheng has a long history, comes in various shapes, has a bright and rich tone, and is rich in local characteristics. It is often used as accompaniment for Pai Sheng dances and in Pai Sheng band ensembles. After reform, it has been used in ethnic bands, and can be used as a solo, duet or ensemble, and has rich expressive power.

3. Guqin

Guqin, also known as Yaoqin, Jade Qin and Lyre, is a traditional Chinese plucked string instrument with a history of more than three thousand years and is one of the eight-note silk instruments. Guqin has a wide sound range, deep timbre, and long lingering sound. Guqin is particularly expressive. Using different playing techniques, it can bring out many characteristics of artistic expression. Its scattered tones (open string tones) are loud and thick, as grand as a copper bell; its overtones are as transparent as beads, rich and colorful. Due to the sound It varies from district to district.

4. Pipa

Pipa is the first plucked instrument and a plucked stringed instrument. It is made of wood, with a semi-pear-shaped speaker box and four strings on it. It was originally made of silk thread, but is now mostly made of steel wire, steel rope, and nylon. The neck and panel are equipped with "phase" and "fret" to determine the phonetic position. When playing, hold it vertically, press the strings with your left hand, and play with the five fingers of your right hand. It is an important national instrument that can be used as a solo, accompaniment, ensemble, or ensemble.

Pipa is a traditional East Asian plucked instrument with a history of more than 2,000 years.

The earliest musical instrument called "Pipa" appeared around the Qin Dynasty in China. The word "珏" in the word "Pipa" means "two jade jade collide and make a pleasant clashing sound", indicating that this is an instrument that produces sound by playing the strings. The names "Pi" and "Pa" come from the right-hand technique of playing these instruments.

5. Erhu

Erhu (Pinyin: Erhu) began in the Tang Dynasty and was called "Xiqin". It has a history of more than a thousand years. It is a traditional Chinese stringed instrument. Erhu, the two-stringed huqin, also known as "Nanhu" and "Omzi", is one of the main bowed string instruments (stringed instruments) in the Chinese national musical instrument family.

Erhu began in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of more than a thousand years. It originated from a minority ethnic group in ancient northern my country, which was called "Xiqin" at that time. The poem written by Cen Shen, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, "The Chinese army prepares wine and drinks for returning guests. Huqin, pipa and Qiang flute" shows that the Huqin began to spread in the Tang Dynasty, and is a general term for Chinese and Western stringed instruments and plucking instruments.