The answer you posted on another question with the same question always fails to enter when you modify it. After modifying it several times, the result is restricted, so I changed it here.

The first Questions: 1. Diverse skin colors. 2. Different postures. 3. Good character.

(Question solution: The second paragraph mentions skin color and various movements and postures, and the third paragraph talks about the relationship between the horse’s temperament and the Mongolian national character, so it is easy to summarize.)

Second question: The horse is the right assistant of the Mongolian people in their nomadic life and production, and represents the vitality of the nation.

(Question solution: This is testing the understanding of the central sentence, it is not difficult)

You need to be detailed and understand, but I don’t know what it has to do with this reading question. I found some information to provide you. I would like to correct some of the words in information 2. The main purpose of the Manihong pole is to worship the Surud (Sulide) on both sides, not the Luma wind flag. However, it is correct to say that the Luma style flag means worshiping horses. Not all Manihong poles will have the Luma style flag, but Suli De must have it. Before the horse pattern is printed on the Lu Ma Feng Banner, sutras must be recited for a whole day, which is equivalent to what the Han people call praying to the gods. I am from Ordos and live in Wushen Banner, the hometown of Sulide culture, so I know a little bit about it.

Information 1:

The Mongolian people have an indissoluble bond with horses, and horses are all involved in the lives and emotional fields of the Mongolian people. Horses are the means of production and life companions that the Mongolian people rely on for survival. They are also the objects of decoration, depiction and praise by the Mongolians. For the Mongolian nomadic society and its historical development, the important role of horses is irreplaceable.

Ma Zheng refers to the politics and religion of raising horses, including the organization and management of horse domestication, grazing, breeding, use and market, as well as related systems and decrees. According to historical records, the Mongolian horse industry was quite developed from the end of the 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century. After the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty government, they improved the management system of the horse industry and improved breeding and protection measures. Since then, there have been institutions, regulations, taxes, etc. to manage horses.

Horses are the main exchange product for Mongolian trade. Daily necessities used by Mongolians are mainly obtained through exchanges with the mainland through horse markets. For this reason, during the Yuan Dynasty, there were exchange markets for mutual trading in Tianshan County, Shajingfu, and Jining County. At that time, Xanadu was a famous commercial city in the grassland. Businessmen from the Central Plains, Central Asia and Europe gathered in the city, exchanging metal utensils and daily necessities for livestock and livestock products.

Horses are often used as important sacrifices in Mongolian sacrificial activities. Mongolians must sacrifice horses whenever they offer sacrifices to Aobao, the god of mountains and rivers, and their ancestors. For example, in the event of worshiping Genghis Khan, a large yellow-fat horse must be sacrificed to express respect for him. Mongolians also often use horses for divination, often judging the year, fertility and fortune based on the shape of the liver of a killed horse. In addition, Mongolians also often use horse hair, horse tail and horse teeth to predict the future.

The divine horse is called "Wenggun" horse in Mongolian, which refers to the heavenly horse. People regard Wenggun's horse as a god and have a special pasture for it, which neither humans nor animals can offend. The divine horse is not allowed to be ridden, used, tamed, bought or sold, whipped, cursed or transferred. When it ages, official authorization is required before a replacement can be found. Mongolians believe that the divine horse is a gift from God, and God sends the divine horse to manage the horse herd. Only when the divine horse manages the herd can the herd be peaceful.

Literature and art must always reflect reality and copy reality. Praising the horse is one of the important contents of the Mongolian blessings. Whenever a horse race is held in Naadam, eulogies are recited to the winning horse. Many of the poems praising horses are improvised and improvised based on the scene, and do not have strictly fixed formats and words. On other occasions, it is inevitable to hold a horse praise ceremony. The horses that Mongolian young men and women ride on when they get married, the horses that are ridden by distinguished guests attending various gatherings, the horses that the guests ride on, the pole horses that are ridden when roping horses, and the horses that have just been born are all required. Hold a praise ceremony.

In the vast and colorful Mongolian folk literature, there are colorful and vivid descriptions of horses, and horses have extraordinary wisdom and divine power. The horse trampled the ground, sending dust flying into the air. Its power was like the force of thunder, which could not be stopped. The images of horses in Mongolian epics are all magical. They can fly, change, speak, give advice to heroes, predict the future, and rescue heroes, all of which demonstrate their divinity. In a sense, the hero and the horse become a complete unity that depends on each other. The harmony between humans and horses even transcends the relationship between humans.

Among the Mongolian proverbs about domestic animals, the number of proverbs about horses is the largest, and the content they reflect is extensive and profound. Among the Mongolian proverbs are "A Mongolian without a horse is like a man without limbs", "A good horse starts from a colt, and a good man starts from an infant" and other proverbs.

In their long-term production and life, the Mongolian people have a very good understanding of horses' habits, character and value because they are particularly fond of horses, and have created many words to express horses and horse-related words. There are many words in Mongolian about the age, gender, voice, and movements of horses. There are many names for animals, plants, insects, celestial bodies, etc. in Mongolian vocabulary that are related to horses. In fact, the vocabulary related to horses is higher than that of other animals in terms of richness, frequency of use and language penetration.

Mongolians are good at singing and dancing, and Mongolian folk songs are rich and colorful. Among them, there are thousands of folk songs related to horses. They sang the merits of horses through folk songs, praised the color of the horse's coat, praised the close relationship between horses and people, described the speed and posture of the horses running, and thanked the horses for the benefits they gave to the Mongols. Mongolian music also reflects the deep love for horses. Matouqin is known as "the symbol of Mongolian music". The head of the piano is symbolized by a horse, the piano case is covered with horse skin, and the bow strings are made of horse hair and tail. Morinouqin can play various sounds such as neighing, humming, sighing, lamenting, etc. Many movements in Mongolian dance are derived from or related to horses. The popular "horse herding dance" and "horse sacrificial dance" in Mongolian areas use horse steps. The dancers imitate various postures and movements of the horse. The leg movements include prancing, turning left and right, reining the horse and turning over, etc. The movements are light and gentle like a horse, or galloping and leaping.

Information 2:

The Mongolian people are indeed commonly known as the people on horseback. They herd horses, worship horses, train horses, and ride horses. The Mongolian people have a proverb: "Songs are wings." , the horse is the companion." The relationship between the Mongolian people and horses is a harmonious relationship, even a relationship of mutual help and friendship. They regard horses as a kind of righteous animals, so they regard horses as very noble. Among the moving Mongolian folk songs, many praise horses, and there are also many song lyrics and praise poems that also praise horses. The custom of worshiping horses can be fully reflected in the Mongolian epic "Janggar". There is also a very clear sign, because I just came back from Ordos. There is still a very ancient custom in Ordos, that is, they have to erect a Manihong pole in front of the fixed residential houses. This pole is actually two poles. There are two poles, and there is a three-pronged thing on the top of the two poles, which is called "Sulud". There is a horizontal rope between the two poles, and colorful flags are tied to this rope. The flag is engraved with the image of a horse, which is called the "Lu Ma Wind Flag." I think this is a very powerful testimony of their worship of horses. This "Lu Ma Wind Flag" is engraved with the image of a galloping horse with its mane raised. According to my investigation, they worship horses during the festival, especially during festivals. It is the Mongolian people who sacrifice the "Lumafeng Banner" during the Chinese New Year, because a small one-meter-wide altar is built in front of Manihong, and every family has one. On this altar, they can light incense and offer sacrifices in front of the altar to worship the "Lu Ma Feng Banner". This is a symbol of their worship of horses.

I asked them, and they said that they have to offer sacrifices during the Chinese New Year every year. In addition, if an old man dies, they have to lower the flag. Some areas have written in the literature, They had to change it when the baby was born, but during this investigation, they didn't mention it. This can be seen as a symbol of their worship and love for horses. Why do they worship and love horses so much? I think it has something to do with the long-standing beliefs of the Mongolian people, because the Mongolian people believed in shamanism in ancient times, and their worship of heaven, that is, Tengger, was in a supreme position.

I think there is a process here. At the earliest, they may have worshiped the natural sky, which included the worship of celestial bodies, such as the sun, moon, sun, moon and stars. Later, due to the worship of the nature of heaven, it developed into the image of the god they created. This image of the god later developed into 99 gods. It can be said that this is a very complicated and huge system of gods. And why do they worship heaven so much? It is because they believe that heaven is the source of their happiness. God is related to the reproduction of livestock and the fertility of people.

So it is the source of happiness, so what does such deep-rooted and long-standing worship of gods have to do with horses? There is a long-standing legend among the Mongolian people. It is that there were no horses in the grasslands of Mongolia at that time. There were no horses on the green grasslands. As a result, a goddess in the sky saw it and felt very sorry. She said that such a very intelligent animal could run very fast. Fast animals were not given to humans, so she pulled out the hairpins from her hair and transformed into a herd of running horses on the green satin-like grassland. Therefore, in the Mongolian concept, the horse is a kind of divine stallion given to humans by heaven. So I think there is a certain relationship between Mongolian horse worship and belief in gods.

In addition, there will be a horse head, something like a walking stick, on the shamanic instruments used in shamanism. Because there is the concept of soul in shamanism, that is to say, the horse can be a tool to transfer the human soul from one world to another, just like a boat for the soul. So I think horses were worshiped in ancient shamanism. In fact, this is also the case in other ethnic groups, such as the Naxi people. For example, in the famous Mongolian epic poem Genghis Khan, the two horses are on the same level as humans. Genghis Khan can talk to the horses, and the horses can leave humans, leave Genghis Khan, and then return to Genghis Khan. This is completely in harmony with humans. A relationship where people are equal and help each other, and finally achieve mutual communication. Genghis Khan's horse complained about Genghis Khan's harshness at first, so he left Genghis Khan, but finally returned to Genghis Khan's side. The establishment of a relationship of equality and mutual assistance between man and horse can be seen as an expression of the Mongolian people's respect for horses.

Horses enable the Mongols to gallop around the world, and horses enable the Mongols to unify their own people. The Yuan Dynasty relied on horses to achieve this, and won the glory of the world.