Mianshan Taoist music has grown with the development of Mianshan Taoism. It has extremely rich connotations and can be roughly divided into two parts. One part is Tao music with local characteristics, also known as "local music". ", and the other part is Tao music that combines palace style, also known as "Dharma music". Taoist music exists in Taoist rituals as a form of preaching, etiquette, and Taoist cultivation. Its functions are: to pray for blessings and welcome auspiciousness, to relieve misfortunes and eliminate filth, and to provide food to survive the dead. It is divided into two categories: yang things and yin things.
In the past, Taoist priests, forced to make a living, often cooperated with other Taoist priests outside the palace to build rituals in believers’ homes, so some fixed and customary songs were spread, such as: "Pu'an Curse" in Yang Shi " (four pieces), "Accounts" (two pieces), "Water Red Flowers" (general), "Da Zouma" (three pieces), "Zhu Ma Pavilion" (four pieces), and "Scolding the Fisherman" are called "Six Pieces". "Ten Suites of Songs" are filled with scriptures to relieve believers from disasters and pray for good fortune. The repertoire of "Underworld China" includes: "One Lamp", "Ten Sins", "Ten Repayments", "Eternal Refuge", "All Nameless", "One Pillar of Morality", "Five-tone Praise", etc. The purpose is to save the souls of the dead , settle down the home and control the land, so that the deceased can leave hell early and achieve enlightenment. Most of these repertoire were transmitted orally and by heart, and many of them have been lost.
In the Tang Dynasty, because the Taoist ancestor Li Dan and the royal family both had the surname Li, especially Li Shimin defeated the Turkic Khan Liu Wu and the Zhou general Song Jingang in the Queshu Valley near Mianshan, laying a solid foundation for the Li and Tang dynasties. After the foundation, many palaces and temples were built in Mianshan in order to promote the divine right of kings. During the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong visited Mianshan, built a temple, built a ritual ceremony, and worshiped the gods, which made the development of Taoism in Mianshan flourish. The "Dharma music" with a strong court style has also become the characteristic of Mianshan Tao music and has been passed down to this day.
In 1995, Yan Jiying, a famous entrepreneur in Shanxi Province, chairman of Shanxi Sanjia Coal Chemical Co., Ltd. and a great philanthropist, invested huge sums of money to restore Mianshan, including more than 80 palaces and more than 2,000 Taoist statues. ; The Jiexiu City Taoist Association was listed in Mianshan Daluo Palace; and the Mianshan Religious Band was established to collect and organize Mianshan Taoist music, standardize Taoist Taoist rituals, and make Mianshan Taoist culture broad and profound after years of unremitting efforts. Restored; on May 21, 2001, under the guidance of the China Taoist Association, Mianshan successfully launched the largest "Luotian Dajiao" Dharma Assembly since the founding of the People's Republic of China. The melodious, solemn and elegant Mianshan Taoist music has won domestic It was unanimously praised by non-Taoist colleagues and friends from Singapore, South Korea, France, Germany, the Netherlands and other places. Min Zhiting, president of the China Taoist Association, was filled with emotion when facing the restored Mianshan. He happily wrote "Wonderland on earth, The inscription "Famous Taoist Mountain". The management model of the Mianshan Buddhist Group is known as the "Mianshan Model", and the China Taoist Association once issued a call to "learn from the Mianshan Buddhist Group".
Mianshan Taoist music is called "Mianshan Fairy Music" by the world. Its style is quiet and elegant, emphasizing rhyme instead of brilliance. The melody is rich in dynamics, the rhyme is refined, and it has a strong religious flavor. Mianshan Taoist music has obvious modal characteristics of heavy palace sounds; it shows its solemnity, tranquility and stability. Listening to Mianshan Taoist music is like being in a pure fairyland, which makes the body and mind quiet and the energy and pulse harmonious. The musical instruments of Mianshan Taoist music include: clang, cymbals, fish, bells, cymbals, cymbals, drums, and chimes; the instruments played include: sheng, Xiao, pipe, flute, pottery xun, suona, gong, dulcimer, guzheng, pipa, Zhong Ruan, Da Ruan, Yueqin, Sanxian, Erhu, Gaohu, Zhonghu, Low Hu, Western instruments. Mianshan Taoist music has rich melodies. The yang rhyme is solemn, bright and solemn, while the yin rhyme is melodious, sad and mournful. According to its use, it can be divided into "fasi Dao music" and "folk Dao music": Buddhist Dao music refers to the performance of Taoist rituals. The Tao music used at that time includes an integral part of the previous part; folk Tao music is called "paizi" or "playing music", which is similar to the "instrumental music pai" of folk music. It is a fusion of local folk music and is used in ritual dojos. On occasions such as burning incense and worshiping before and after the opening of the altar, or performing high-level prayers in the ritual dojo, this type of Taoist music is clear and lively, and is very popular among believers. The Mianshan Religious Band continues to improve and strives to make progress, and has created and adapted a large number of Taoist music with the characteristics of Mianshan His repertoire, such as: "Praise to Hunyuan", "Praise to Sending Flowers", "Daluo Xianle", "Autumn Moon over Mianshan", "Charm of Mianshan", "Praise to Jie Gong", "Feixian Song", etc., have been highly praised by Taoist circles and relevant experts. Appreciated. It has made fruitful contributions in inheriting and carrying forward Chinese traditional culture.
The god of Mianshan is Jie Zitui. Liu Xiang's "Biography of Immortals" of the Western Han Dynasty records: "The person who recommended Jie was named Wang Guang, and he was from Jin Dynasty. He remained anonymous and liked Zhao Chengzi to travel with him. Whenever there was a yellow bird on the door, Jin Wen Gong heard it differently and went out with him. I have lived abroad for more than ten years and worked tirelessly.
Later, Jie Shan's uncle came often in the morning and called Tui, saying: "You can go." Tui Tui's mother went into the mountains, where Jie Shan's uncle often traveled. Later, Duke Wen sent thousands of people to offer jade and silk gifts to them, but they did not leave. Thirty years later, I saw Wang Su selling fans by the East China Sea. For decades to come, no one knew where he was. Emperor Shi Le of the Later Zhao Dynasty ordered the construction of the "Jie Temple" and called it the "Mighty God". He specialized in raising clouds and providing rain, inspecting the sufferings of the people, and solving problems for the people. Another god in Mianshan was Yuchigong. Gong joined the army in the late Sui Dynasty. He was awarded the title of San Dafu by the Turks and was later appointed as a general of Dingyang Khan. He stayed in Jiezhou (today's Jiexiu City). It was an extraordinary period and his stay was equivalent to the county magistrate in the third year of Tang Wude (620). King Li Shimin of Qin and Song Jingang of the Zhou Dynasty, who was appointed by the Turks as Yang Khan, were defeated in the battles of Queshu Valley and Dusuoyuan in Mianshan, and he made great contributions to assisting Li Shimin in achieving the "Zhenguan Dynasty". There were many activities, and there are traces and legends such as "Dianjiangtai", "Tingling Alley", "Mapao Spring" and "Ma Peishi". In his later years, he believed in Taoist magic and was regarded as the "Door God".
The Buddha in Mianshan was Tan Luan, a distinguished monk in the Northern Wei Dynasty, who was the pioneer of the Pure Land Sect of Buddhism. After receiving the true transmission from Bodhiliu Zhi, an eminent monk from Tianzhu, in Luoyang, the Lord of the Wei Dynasty " ordered him to live in Bingzhou Temple, and later moved to Shibi Yuanzhong Temple in Beishan, Fenzhou. At that time, I went to the Yinju Mountain in Jieshan to make a fortune, so it is now called Luan Gongyan. "(See "Biography of Eminent Monks of the Tang Dynasty") "Big Temple", "Fenzhou Prefecture Chronicles" and "Shanxi General Chronicles" are called "Dayan Temple". According to the record of "The Rock Master of Dayan Temple Ming Ancient Mirror" in Longqing Ming Dynasty in Mianshan Wulonglin, Dayan Temple is Baofu Temple (now known as Yunfeng Temple). There was originally the "Tomb of Monk Tanluan" on Huangtupo in Mianshan (see the book "Pure Land Ancient Temple Xuanzhong Temple"). Luan Gong was honored as "Bodhisattva" by King Xiao of Liang. He has long been a Buddha in the minds of the world. Another Buddhist monk in Mianshan was Zhichao. His surname was Tian. He ran away from home in the fifth year of Wude's reign in the Tang Dynasty to join the Zen community. Yan Ming Bao Xiu... and established Guangyan Temple in Jiexiu County, Fenzhou", which eventually became a real success. It is said that he is the incarnation of the ancient Buddha Kongwang, one of the Buddhas in the past life. He is a "great Zen forest virtuous" who hates evil as much as he hates evil, is brave in doing justice, is willing to do good, and does good deeds wherever he goes. He is known as the "Mianshan Living Buddha" in the world. . After his death, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, decreed that he was the "Ancient Buddha of the Sky King" and he was the first among the Han people to become a Buddha.
Jie Zhizhi recommended the above gods and Buddhas as being from Jin (one said Pei Jie of Xia County, another said Jiexiu Xiao Song Qu, and another said Qinzhou Tongtan); Yuchi Gong was Suzhou Shanyang (today's Suzhou); Tanluan was from Yanmen (today's Dai County area); Zhichao was from Yuanchuo. They are all living gods and Buddhas who once grew up in this land of Shanxi. This phenomenon of "true gods and true Buddhas" gathered in one mountain is unique in the world. Wen Gong's Banquet
Wen Gong's Banquet began in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the third year of Jin Wen Gong, Wen Gong led his ministers to Mianshan to worship Jie Zitui. Jie Zhang, who was once Jie Zitui's neighbor, saw Jin Wen Gong for three consecutive years I was so moved when I offered sacrifices to Duke Jie that I specially invited a famous chef named Wang Chunfa from the city to prepare a feast for Duke Wen of Jin. This feast is fragrant and unique. Wen Gong was very fond of it when he saw it. After tasting it, he was full of praise, saying that it was a delicacy that he had never tasted in his life. At this time, Hu Yan, Zhao Shui and others also applauded continuously, and everyone decided to name the banquet "Wen Gong Banquet". From then on, this banquet became famous in one fell swoop and became a famous banquet of Jin Dynasty, which lasted for more than 2,600 years.
The Jie Gong Banquet
The Jie Gong Banquet began in the late Western Jin Dynasty. When the imperial court was corrupted and the princes were divided, Shi Le then built a stronghold in Mianshan to revolt. Shi Le was determined to liberate the people and recruit heroes from all over the world. It happened that the famous scholar Zhang Bin came to join him. The two like-minded people worshiped the god together and vowed to "work together to save the poor and protect the people in danger, report to the country, and bring peace to the common people." Afterwards, they went to the village to drink and eat together. The feast was sumptuous, fresh in taste, rich in nutrition, and quite distinctive. . Zhang Bin was very impressed after the meal and asked Shi Le what his name was. Shi Le laughed heartily and said, "My two brothers have just finished praying to the God of Jie. May the God of Jie protect us and save the people and unify China as soon as possible. Let's name it the Jie Gong Banquet." From then on, the banquet became a delicacy in Mianshan. It is said that after Shi Le became emperor, he often used this banquet to entertain ministers, and it became a delicacy commonly eaten by ministers.
Peng Zu’s health-preserving medicated diet
Peng Zu, also known as Peng Keng. According to research, Pengzu practiced for many years in Longji Ridge, Mianshan Mountain when he was young. During this period, he often ate astragalus, Polygonatum, Codonopsis pilosula, cypress seeds, etc. As a result, he lived to be 800 years old and became the longest-lived person in Chinese history. Peng Zu advocated good food, health preservation, and medicinal diet. He was the first person to introduce Qigong. He created the world-famous Peng Zu Health Banquet and was a veritable pioneer of Chinese cooking.
After more than 4,000 years of evolution, development and enrichment, Pengzu's health banquet has finally become one of Mianshan's famous flavor banquets. It is a special health banquet with a long history and rich varieties in China. It is also created by the famous chef of Yangyuanzhai of Qiongya Hotel. brand banquet. This banquet focuses on health preservation and nourishment. In the process of preparing the dishes, a large number of classics such as "The Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic", "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Essentials of Diet", "Tiao Ding Ji", and "Dictionary of Chinese Medicine" were consulted and selected. It is well received by tourists for its rich ingredients, diverse cooking methods, varied tastes and remarkable nourishing and health-preserving effects.
The Zhu Family Banquet
The Zhu Family Banquet originated from Zhu Quan, the seventeenth son of Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Quan's courtesy name is Guixian and his nickname is Han Xuzi. Zhu Yuanzhang named him King Ning. During the Hongwu period, Zhu Yuanzhang thought that his father Zhu Shizhen was praying for the world and the earth on Mianshan Mountain before he became emperor, so he sent Zhu Quan to Mianshan Mountain to worship his ancestors. After finishing the work, we went to a small restaurant in Mianshan. I heard from tourists that there was a Chef Tian who was very good at cooking, so they went there specially to taste his cooking skills. Chef Tian prepared a table of delicacies using local meat and vegetables. After Zhu Quan tasted it, he was very impressed and named the banquet "Zhu Family Banquet". From then on, it was introduced into the palace as "Zhu Ming Dynasty Banquet".
The Banquet of the King of Jin
The banquet of the King of Jin has a history of more than 1,300 years. Li Zhi was the ninth son of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin of the Tang Dynasty and was granted the title of King of Jin. At that time, he witnessed the fierce competition between Li Chengqian and Li Tai for the throne, so he went to Mianshan to pray to the gods to protect him, and he succeeded to the throne. Later, grateful for God's grace, he went to Mianshan in person and ordered the restoration of Dongzhen Palace. In the evening, we dined at a restaurant in Mianshan, and the store prepared a sumptuous banquet for him. Emperor Gaozong applauded the food when he saw its color and smell. When he tasted it, it was indeed fragrant and delicious, calling it "Mianshan delicacy". This incident was passed down to later generations, and dignitaries from all dynasties came to Mianshan to taste the banquet of the King of Jin.
Lugong Banquet
The Lucong Banquet originated from Wen Yanbo, a famous prime minister in the Northern Song Dynasty. Yanbo, courtesy name Kuanfu, was born in Wenjiazhuang, Jiexiu. He served as general and minister for fifty years. Because of his meritorious service in suppressing the rebellion, Song Shenzong granted him the title of Duke of Lu. During the Yuanfeng period, Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty appointed Feng Jiezhi as the Marquis of Jiehui, and Wen Yanbo went to Mianshan to build the Fenghou Pavilion. After the construction was completed, the county magistrate hosted a banquet and asked Wen Yanbo to order dishes. Wen Yanbo could not refuse, so he ordered a dozen according to his own taste. After that, the Lugong Banquet gradually spread and became a famous banquet.
Kaiyuan Imperial Banquet
The "Kaiyuan Imperial Banquet" is a famous Mianshan banquet famous in the three Jin Dynasties. It began in the Tang Dynasty. It is said that during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty went to Mianshan to worship. The county magistrate wanted to receive him at a restaurant in Mianshan and requested that the dishes be delicious and unique in flavor. The store then prepared a banquet according to local tastes. After eating it, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty praised it as "fresh and delicious". Zhang Yue and Song Jing had never tasted this mountain flavor and both praised it as "delicious". Seeing that the emperor and ministers were satisfied with their meal, the store owner boldly asked the Holy Emperor to give him a name. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty blurted out, "Let's call it Kaiyuan Imperial Banquet." After that, all dignitaries and literati who came to Mianshan had to eat this banquet. This banquet gradually became famous and has been passed down to this day.
Qingzhu Banquet
Fu Shan, a great scholar and medical scientist in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, enjoyed being famous in mountains and rivers throughout his life, and he went to Mianshan to practice Taoism several times. Especially good at medicine and health preservation. He advocated "to learn medicine first to learn immortality, and the way of medicine can lead to the way of immortality." He discovered that there are more than a thousand varieties of Chinese medicinal materials in Mianshan, including dozens of precious medicinal materials, so he collected them everywhere and ordered them to collect medicinal materials, wild vegetables, wild fruits, and vegetables. , meat is made into a feast, which tastes fresh and refreshing, and has a unique flavor. Later generations call it "Qingzhu Banquet". The main features of Qingzhu Banquet are five grains for nourishment, five fruits for help, five livestock for benefit, and five vegetables for supplement. All flavors are combined and taken to reconcile yin and yang and replenish essence and qi.
Farmhouse Banquet
According to legend, this banquet originated during the Yongxing period of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Guo Tai united 30,000 imperial students to criticize the darkness and corruption of the government, and became the famous "Qing Ye" at that time. Henan Yin Li Ying said that Guo Tai "has immortal bones in his body and has a magnificent view of the world"; Fan Pang, the prefect of Runan, praised him as "not disobeying relatives and being chaste and unconventional." Later, due to the violent collision between the social reality at that time and his personal noble character , Guo Tai, who was well-read in classics, returned to Jiexiu from Luoyang to educate people. One day, Li Ying and Fan Pang, who had become close friends with Guo Tai, went to Jiexiu to visit their old friends. Guo Tai and Prime Minister Guo Tai went to Mianshan to pay their respects. In order to entertain his old friends, Guo Tai specially prepared a peasant banquet in a hotel in Mianshan. The miscellaneous food in Mianshan, the elegant aroma, and the charm of the countryside and mountains amazed these well-informed court officials. From then on, the story of "Farmer's Banquet" became widely spread among the people and became a famous banquet in the Three Jin Dynasties. Today, farmhouse banquets are famous all over the world because of their profound cultural heritage. 1. It has the earliest historical records. It is mentioned four times in "Zuo Zhuan", China's first history book. It is also mentioned in the earliest poetry collections "The Book of Songs" and "Chu Ci".
"The Book of Songs" records, "When you pass away, you will be buried in the countryside, who will be named forever." It truly describes the secluded life of Jie Tui's mother and son. The high moral character and integrity of the promotion has become a favorite story among people in the past dynasties.
2. The unique mountain topography of Baofiyan is unique in the world. It is 60 meters high, 180 meters wide and 50 meters deep. It can accommodate more than 200 palaces and buildings and 10,000 to 20,000 tourists. The breathtaking and spectacular rock bells hanging in the air are even more unique.
3. "The Monument of Baofu Temple in Fenzhou of the Tang Dynasty" was formed in the 20th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty and has a history of more than 1,200 years. It vividly describes the planning and establishment of Baofu Temple by the eminent monk Di Gong during the Cao and Wei dynasties of the Three Kingdoms2, and has many inscriptions by celebrities from the Tang and Song Dynasties. The content and calligraphy are of great value. In particular, the monument and the temple are more than 200 meters apart, which is an eternal mystery. There is no second example in China.
4. "He Zhizhang Mountaineering Trail" is a dangerous trail that goes straight from the ravine to the rock. According to the inscription by He Zhizhang, a poet from the Tang Dynasty on the left side of the "Baofu Temple Stele in Fenzhou, Tang Dynasty", when he climbed Mianshan Mountain, the monks used a cloth to drag him to the "Chessboard Cave" that was more than 50 meters above the ground, and then climbed a 100-meter ladder from the Chessboard Cave. Go to the foot of Yunfeng Temple; then follow the 120 and 60 stone steps to the foot of Tiesuo Ridge, grab a more than 70-meter iron rope, climb up to Tiesuo Ridge, and climb up to Mosta in one breath. The total length of more than 500 meters is almost all 75-degree cliffs. It is not only a strange and dangerous natural landscape, but also has a rich cultural history. It can be described as a wonder in the world.
5. Fengfang Spring is a Baofu Rock with a height of more than 100 meters and a width of more than 30 meters. There are dozens of stone milks in the lower part of the rock dripping water all year round, making a tinkling sound when they fall into the stone pool. Literati of the past dynasties called it Xuanquan. A spring hanging on a rock wall like this is unique in China.
6. Daluo Palace is an antique building built on the mountain with four bright and seven dark colors, with a total area of ??30,000 square meters. It is comparable to the Potala Palace and is the first palace in the world. In the palace, there are 300 square meters of woodcuts of the Tao Te Ching inscribed by hundreds of famous Chinese figures, and 300 square meters of canvas paintings, both of which are unique in China.
7. The overpass is more than 300 meters long. It is built on the top of the mountain with imitation white marble railings on the sides. From a distance, it looks like a white crane spreading its wings in the sky. When people cross the bridge, springs gush under their feet, giving people an ecstatic feeling. This scene is hard to find even if you travel all over China's famous mountains and rivers.
8. Twenty kilometers of Shuitaogou, cangyan, winding paths, strange trees, strange rocks, mountain flowers, and wild grasses are dotted among them. The water turns thousands of times, flows through the turbulent water, and the goshawks sing in the empty valley, forming a unique landscape painting. Among them, the Wulong Waterfall has a drop of more than 80 meters, and tourists can pass under the waterfall; the Water Curtain Cave Waterfall flows straight down from the front of the cave, and the cave can accommodate thirty or forty people. Such scenery is rare in the northern region.
9. The god of Mianshan is Jie Zitui, who dates back more than 2,600 years and is one of the earliest Taoist figures. The Buddha in Mianshan is Kongwang Buddha, whose common name is Tian Zhichao. He was originally an eminent monk in the Tang Dynasty and was the first Han Chinese to become a Buddha. In addition, Wei Chigong, the general of the early Tang Dynasty, and Tan Luan, the pioneer of the Pure Land Sect of the Northern Wei Dynasty, are also unique gods and Buddhas in Mianshan. They are all native Shanxi people, which is unmatched by other famous mountains. The god of Mianshan has evolved from the invisible deity, the nameless deity, and the supreme king to the mountain god and the earth; the Buddha of Mianshan has gone from the lamp, the wonderful light, and the burning lamp to the Buddhas of the past, present, and future. The number of gods and Buddhas is the highest in China.
10. The Mianshan Religious Band consists of 150 people and has performed for Taiwanese religious people many times. In particular, it held the abbot's enthronement ceremony at Baiyun Temple in Beijing, the opening ceremony of Lutai in Hebei, and the opening ceremony of Pu'an Temple in Liaoning. , the orchestra’s performance was well received. Min Zhiting, president of the China Taoist Association, spoke highly of the Mianshan Religious Band.