Rallentando. Abbreviation: Rall, indicating that the music speed gradually slows down. There are two types of music tempo terms: one is basic tempo terminology, and the other is variable tempo terminology. The term base tempo indicates the uniform tempo of an entire piece of music or a section. Variation tempo terms are the opposite of basic tempo terms and indicate temporary changes in tempo during playing.

The speed of music is used to indicate how fast the music progresses. Commonly used words are used to mark them, which can be Chinese or foreign languages. They can also be expressed with more accurate speed marks.

The speed of music is closely related to the emotion expressed. If the same piece of music is played at different speeds, it will produce different musical images. For example, slowing down the tempo of a cheerful piece of music twice will produce a sad feeling; while speeding up the tempo of a sad piece of music twice will make the mood brighter.

The rhythm of music refers to the length and strength of the musical movement. The rhythm of music is often compared to the skeleton of music. Beat is the periodic and regular repetition of heavy beats and weak beats in music. In traditional Chinese music, the beat is called "banyan", where the board is equivalent to a strong beat; the eye is equivalent to a sub-strong beat or a weak beat.

Music tune is also called melody. The ups and downs of the music are organized horizontally in an orderly manner according to a certain rhythm to form a melody. Melody is the most important means of expression in music form, the essence of music, and the decisive factor of music. The progression direction of a tune is endlessly changing, and there are three basic progression directions: horizontal progression, upward progression, and downward progression.