Category: Entertainment and leisure gt; gt; music
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Introduction (about 150 to 250 words)
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Dvorak (Antonin Dvorák 1841-1904)
Antonin Dvorák Antonin Dvo?ák (1841-1904) was a pianist and composer. He was born on September 8, 1841 in Nilahajivik, Czech Republic. Graduated from the Prague Organ School. In 1873, he became organist of St. Albert's Church. In 1878, he gained the status of composer with "Slavic Dances". Later, it was recommended by famous composers such as Liszt and Brahms and spread throughout Europe. In 1892, he became president of the New York Academy of Music. While in the United States, he adopted African American folk songs and wrote masterpieces such as the New World Symphony. After returning to China, he was hired as the director of the Prague Conservatory of Music. May 1, 1904. He suffered a stroke and died in Prague at the age of sixty-two.
He was one of the greatest Czech composers in the 19th century and a major representative of the national music school. He has the highest reputation among Czech musicians of all generations.
Dvo?ák always puts the important factor of nationality first in his music creation. All his music has a natural freshness, which often covers up the exquisite composition of the music. The technique and the painstaking thought that went into conceiving a theme seemed like a God-given melody. The most profound influence on his life was the music of Smetana, Brahms and Wagner, as well as Czech folk songs. Dvo?ák performed abroad many times, and the brilliant success he achieved during his first five tours to the UK can be compared with the honors that Handel, Haydn and Mendelssohn received in the UK. In order to express the highest respect for Dvo?ák, the University of Cambridge awarded him an honorary doctorate in music in 1891. At the end of the 19th century, only Tchaikovsky and Grieg enjoyed this privilege. Dvo?ák is also a famous educator. He has been appointed as the dean and professor of the New York Conservatory of Music and the Prague Conservatory of Music. He has trained more than 50 musicians, including the famous composer V. Novák. 1870-1949), J. Suk (1874-1935) and Christopher of Bulgaria (1875-1941), etc.
Works: nine symphonies (five have been published), five symphonic poems, eight overtures, three orchestral music (Slavic rhapsody), two sets of Slavic dances, Symphonic Variations, and Czech suites , Nocturne, Serenade, Violin Concerto (A minor) Piano Concerto (G minor), Cello Concerto (B minor) Violin Romance, Cello Rondo, etc., Chamber Music String Sextet (A major), String Quintet (G major, E-flat major), piano quintet (A major), eight string quartets, two piano quartets, four piano trios, the most famous piano [Humors], [Scottish Blues], Rhapsody wait.
Life: September 8, 1841: Antonin Dvo?ák was born in Bohemia as NELAHOZEVES; his father was an innkeeper.
1857: Entered the organ school in Prague.
1859: Graduated from organ school and published his first work.
1865: Composed the Symphony in C minor [The Bells of Zlonis].
1870: Published [Tragedy] (TRAGIC) Overture and Nocturne for String Ensemble in B major.
1873: Published the oratorio (HYMNUS), which became a blockbuster. He completed the Symphony in E flat major and the Romance for violin and orchestra (ROMANCE); in the same year, he married Anna and Cai Meike.
1874: Won the Austrian Composition Award, published the Rhapsody in A minor and the unnumbered Symphony in D minor.
1875: Completed Serenade in E major for string ensemble.
1876: Published Piano Concerto in G minor.
1877: Published the Symphonic Variations.
1878: Completed the first set of Slavic dances, three Slavic rhapsody, Serenade in D minor and other works, and began to compose the music for [Mary's Hymn].
1879: Completed Suite in D major [Czech], Carnival March, Balsam in E flat major, Mazurka for violin and orchestral ensemble and other works.
1880: Published Symphony No. 1 in D major, Violin Concerto in A minor and other works.
1882: Published the overture of [MY HOME].
1883: The oratorio [Lament of Mary] was staged in England, with the overture of [HUSSITE] completed.
1884: First trip to England, on March 13th, he conducted his "La Maria" at the Albert House in Renton; published the oratorio "The Ghost's Bride".
1885: Received inheritance in Visoka, Bohemia.
1886: Published second set of Slavic dances.
1887: Completed Symphony No. 3 in F major.
1889: Completed Symphony No. 4 in G major.
1891: On the fiftieth anniversary, he received honorary doctorates from the University of Cambridge and the University of Prague, and taught at the Prague Conservatoire. In the same year, he completed the modern wind music [Carnival] and [Nature], [Quiet] Deep Forest] and [Rondo] and other works, and began to compose [Otero Overture].
1892: Published his famous Bohemian String Quartet and [Otello] Overture. On October 15th, he left for New York to take up the post of Dean of the Conservatory of Music.
1893: Completed his most famous work, [New World] Symphony No. 5. It premiered in New York on December 15th.
1895: Published Cello Concerto in B minor.
1896: Last visit to the UK, completed in the same year [THE WATERSPIRITE] [THE MIDDAY WITCH] [THE GOLDEN SPINNING WHEEL] [Wooden Pigeon] ( THE WOOD DOVE) and other four symphonic poems.
1897: Published the symphonic poem [HEROIC SONG].
1901: On the 60th anniversary, he took up the post of dean of the Prague Conservatory of Music and became a member of the AUSTRIAN UPPER HOUSE.
1904: Died on May 1st and received a state funeral on May 5th.
Dvo?ák and his love story
In 1857, 16-year-old Dvo?ák left his family with a skilled worker certificate issued by the butchers' guild that he had not long received. Studying music in Prague. His teacher had a hard time convincing his father to allow Dvo?ák to pursue music, although no one could tell what future a young apprentice from a family of butchers would have in this field. In the eyes of his family, he knows a little about playing the violin (he learned it from his father) and likes to hum some Bohemian tunes, that's all.
?Life in Prague was very difficult. He was attending classes at school and playing violin in a small orchestra to make ends meet. He graduated two years later and continued to pursue a career as a violist, which in his own opinion did not have much future. He sometimes wrote polkas and the like for his own amusement, but no one took them seriously. He mingled in the large and small theaters in Prague. At that time, Smetana's works were popular, the Bohemian national revival movement was surging, and Czech national music gradually emerged from the shadow of German and Austrian music. The young German Warshak watched all this.
?In 1865, the story begins.
A wealthy goldsmith, Jan Cermak, invited Dvo?ák to be a music tutor for his two daughters, the eldest daughter named Josefina, 16 years old, and the younger daughter named Anna, 11 years old. Almost immediately, Dvo?ák fell in love with his sister.
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?He was rejected.
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?The sad young man wrote one song after another dedicated to Josefina. The lyrics come from the poem "Cypresses" (Cypresses) by the Czech poet Gustav Pfleger-Moravsky. "Think about a young man in love - this is what they are about," Dvo?ák told the publisher 23 years later when he reorganized and published these songs.
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?Josefina likes those songs very much, but she doesn't love Dvo?ák.
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?Dvorak struggled in the swamp of broken love for a long time, and it was not until several years later that he could calmly accept the result. He began to fall in love with his sister Anna. As he found a teaching position at the college, his financial situation gradually improved, so he devoted more and more energy to composing. His mastery of folk music elements made his works shine with dazzling brilliance, especially in that era of awakening national consciousness. His hymn "Children of the White Mountains" quickly won a strong response among his fellow Bohemians, and this success encouraged Dvo?ák's self-confidence. In 1873, he proposed to Anna.
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?After marriage, Dvo?ák’s career became more and more successful. The "Moravian Duets" he composed was highly praised by Brahms, and he immediately received Received the latter’s strong support. The publisher suggested that he write a set of works like Brahms' "Hungarian Dances", so he created "Slavonic Dances", which quickly became popular in Europe. He gradually became a representative composer of the national music school. Well known to the world.
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?In 1877, Dvo?ák attended Josefina’s wedding.
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?Dvo?ák’s greatest talent is reflected in his ability to explore and master the folk music of various ethnic groups, including Bohemians. In 1880, he composed eight Gypsy songs based on Adolf Heyduk's "Gypsy Psalms", which represented the highest level of his song creation. The fourth of them, "Songs My Mother Taught Me", has been sung to this day. The more popular story is that when his family came to the United States in 1892 to serve as the president of the New York Conservatory of Music, he immediately devoted great enthusiasm to the study of native American black music and Indian music, and on this basis he created great works. "Symphony from the New World". This is almost the most glorious peak of his musical career.
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?However, he may not be particularly happy. He was homesick, and the Czech air and land were extremely important to him. He missed every friend in his hometown, and Josefina. Josefina is seriously ill.
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?He frequently returns to the Czech Republic for vacations. In 1894, he stayed for a long time in the beautiful Visoka Gardens, where he wrote eight humorous songs. The seventh of these is perhaps his most famous melody. Humor is a common short musical genre, often used to reflect a lively or humorous mood. However, Dvo?ák's Humor is not always like this. People often feel that the seventh Humor is not so much light as it is light. It's said to be a touch of melancholy.
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?When humorous songs are no longer humorous, it seems that no matter how beautiful the scenery is, it will lose its luster.
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?In 1895, the last year of his trip to the United States, he began to compose a cello concerto in New York.
At the same time he received a letter from Josefina:
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?Dear Anton!
?Five me for not writing to you for such a long time. But I have been continuously confined to bed and unable to do so, and for the same reason I have nothing important to report which would be of interest to you. . . .
?I have not heard from you for a long time. This is not as it should be! However, I shall have to resign myself to the fact that I have nothing to look forward to anymore. . . .
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?He thought of the songs he gave to Josefina back then. Among them, Josefina's favorite song was called "leave me alone". He wrote that melody in the second movement of the cello concerto as the secondary theme, and later reproduced the melody at the end of the third movement. When cellist Wihan, who premiered the piece, tried to insert a cadenza at the end, Dvo?ák angrily stopped him.
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?On May 27, 1895, one month after Dvo?ák returned to the Czech Republic, Josefina died.
?Dvorak never wrote another important work in his later years. He continued to teach at the Prague Conservatory and wrote a number of less successful operas. He died of a stroke in 1904. In his later years, Dvo?ák did not look like a great artist, but more like a kind old worker. It is often said that Dvo?ák is one of the few first-rate musicians who is not neurotic. His family life has always been peaceful and happy. On the day of his and Anna's silver wedding anniversary, his daughter Otilie married his best student Josef Suk. We know from historical data that he was loyal to his wife Anna throughout his life.
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?However, what we also know is that he never forgot Josefina, the girl he fell in love with when he was 24 years old.
Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904), a Czech composer, was born into a family of a small hotel owner and a butcher. At the age of sixteen, he entered the Prague Organ School to study, and later entered the Prague Temporary Theater (later converted into National Theater) orchestra played the viola and officially started composing. The first work that attracted the attention of the music industry was the hymn "Descendants of the White Mountains" expressing patriotic enthusiasm.
The following year, he resigned from the theater band and worked as an organist in a church to free up more time for creation. Later, he met Brahms. Brahms highly recommended his "Moravian Duets", making it popular around the world. He also maintained sincere friendship with Hans Richter, Hans von Bülow, Tchaikovsky and others. He has been invited to visit the UK nine times, traveled to Germany and Russia, and personally conducted performances of works, which is very popular. In 1891, he was appointed professor of composition, orchestration and musical form at the Prague Conservatory of Music. In the same year, the University of Cambridge awarded him an honorary doctorate in music. In 1892, he was invited to be the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York. Here, he wrote the most famous "New World (Ninth) Symphony". After returning to China, he continued to teach and perform at the Prague Conservatory of Music. In 1901 he was promoted to dean.
"From the New World" is arguably one of the greatest of all symphonies. Dvo?ák didn't just copy black and Indian themes; he was inspired by black and Indian music to create his own themes. In the flashes of cheerful tunes in the first and third movements, we can even catch a glimpse of the American immigrants' energetic goku dance and chatting while grinding rice from time to time. The beautiful "Adagio" in the second movement is perhaps the most moving melody in all symphonies. It expresses the spirit of black spiritual songs. When people sing the words "Missing Home", they often sing it like a song. A spiritual song.
This well-known world-famous song was composed by the author in 1894. At that time, the author was on vacation in his home country, the Czech Republic's Vesoka region, during which he wrote eight "humorous songs" in succession, all of which were piano solo sketches. Dvo?ák has about eighty piano solo pieces, including various dance pieces, but only this "Humorous" is widely circulated and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
This song is the seventh of the eight "humorous songs". The original song is loved by people as a piano solo, and the violin solo adapted by the violin genius Kreisler seems to be more familiar to people. Later, this song was adapted into orchestral music, solo music for various instruments, and light music. Some people even wrote sad or energetic lyrics for this song, which shows its popularity. "Humor" is a music genre that gradually emerged after the 19th century. It mostly adopts 2/4 or 4/4 time signatures and is characterized by extreme changes in expressions in each paragraph. But this song seems more like a serenade, as simple and intimate as a folk song, without any "humorous" elements (Excerpt 1). This piece is an elegant Adagio, in the key of G flat major, in 2/4 time. The first section is formed with the first theme as the center, and is repeated after being converted into the middle section of G-flat minor, forming a compound three-part body. When repeating, some parts are omitted, so the form is simpler.
Dvo?ák came from a humble background and was active in church or folk music activities in the village since childhood. During this period, he absorbed the soil of grassroots music, which determined his lifelong musical style. However, it was during his nine years (1863-1872) that Dvo?ák served as principal viola at the Prague Opera House that he solidly mastered the language and techniques of orchestral music. This resume is unique among major classical composers. During these nine seasons, Deshi not only dabbled in opera performances from Mozart to Rossini, but more importantly, he had the opportunity to experience first-hand the personal secrets of famous conductors or composers when interpreting works. This included opera music director Smetana and the famous Wagner. Glinka, the father of Russian music, also directed this orchestra to premiere his opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila".
Tchaikovsky visited Prague for the first time in 1888 and personally conducted his Fifth Symphony. Dvo?ák present was greatly inspired. In recent years, some studies have claimed that the style and structure of the Eighth Symphony composed by Deshi were directly influenced by Chai Wu. It is an indisputable fact that the two great composers appreciate each other. After hearing the performance of the A minor piano quintet carefully selected by Deshi for their first meeting, Chai was very excited and declared that "Dvo?ák" is my favorite.
As we all know, the New World Symphony was written when Dvo?ák was the director of the National Conservatory of Music in New York in the United States (1892-95). Unknown to everyone, Deshi has many personal hobbies, such as raising pigeons and watching trains speeding on the tracks. On the one hand, the dignified dean often went to the Central Office to watch the pigeons and shook his head and sighed at his physique. He also often went to the main train station to watch the traffic flow. Later, due to new regulations, non-ticket holders were not allowed to stay and were forced to go to the pier to watch the boats. From then on, when he read the newspaper every day, he would first turn to the boat schedule to see which ships were traveling to and from the other side of Europe. As a result, he gradually became seriously homesick and often shed tears on the shore. "You should write a symphony to relieve your homesickness!" Mrs. Schulber, the chairman of the music school, suggested. The New World Symphony is this piece of relief.
Three years in the United States gave Deshi endless inspiration and themes, many of which were the sounds of nature.
There are records that the composer was silent for about five minutes when he saw the majestic Niagara Falls and exclaimed: "This is simply a symphony in B minor!" This is most likely a cello in B minor that was later premiered in London. The source of inspiration for the concerto.
Even the chirping of birds cannot escape Deshi’s talented artistic touch. The most famous of his 14 string quartets, the main melody of the third movement of "America" ??No. 12 in F major, was the theme he heard in the woods during a morning stroll in Iowa during his vacation. Birds chirping. However, the beautiful life in the newspaper world did not soothe the composer's mood that "the countryside will never return". The three-year contract was completed and he jumped on the ship without saying a word and left. Since then he has left this new land.
Created by Dvo?ák in 1894. At that time, he was on vacation in his home country, the Czech Republic's Vesoka region, during which he wrote eight "humorous songs", all of which were piano solo sketches. Dvo?ák has about eighty piano solo pieces, including various dance pieces, but only this "Humorous" is widely circulated and deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
This song is the seventh of the eight "humorous songs". The original song is loved by people as a piano solo, and the violin solo adapted by the violin genius Kreisler seems to be more familiar to people. Later, this song was adapted into orchestral music, solo music for various instruments, and light music. Some people even wrote sad or energetic lyrics for this song, which shows its popularity. "Humor" is a music genre that gradually emerged after the 19th century. It mostly adopts 2/4 or 4/4 time signatures and is characterized by extreme changes in expressions in each paragraph. But this song seems more like a serenade, as simple and friendly as a folk song, without any "humorous" elements. This piece is an elegant Adagio, in the key of G flat major, in 2/4 time. The first section is formed with the first theme as the center, and is repeated after being converted into the middle section of G-flat minor, forming a compound three-part body. When repeating, some parts are omitted, so the form is simpler.
Li Shutong (1880-1942), also known as Wentao, also known as Guangtao, was given the courtesy name Shutong, and his nickname was Shutong. He had more than 70 aliases. His Buddhist name was Yanyin, his name was Hongyi, and he was known as Master Hongyi. His ancestral home is Pinghu and he was born in Tianjin. In the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1901), he was admitted to Shanghai Nanyang Public School. In the autumn of 1931, he went to Japan to study and entered Ueno Art College in Tokyo. At the same time, he studied piano and composition at a music college. Joined the Chinese Tongmenghui in 32 years. In the 33rd year, the "Chunliu Society" performed the drama "La Traviata" in Tokyo. Li Shutong played the role of La Traviata. Later, he performed "The Record of the Black Slave" and played the role of Mrs. Amy Liu, which was the first in the history of Chinese dramas. At that time, he independently founded my country's first music publication "Music Magazine" and became a pioneer in introducing Western music, staffs and Beethoven to the country. In the second year of Xuantong (1910), he returned to China and served as an art teacher at Tianjin Beiyang Higher Industrial College. Joined "Nanshe" three years ago. In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), he served as the chief writer of "Pacific News". At the same time, he founded the "Wenmei Society" with Liu Yazi and others, and edited the "Wenmei Magazine". In 2002, he went to Hangzhou and served as an art and music teacher at Zhejiang Normal School. At the same time, he was employed at Nanjing Normal University to teach music and art. In August 1977, he officially became a monk in Hupao Temple. At first he believed in the Pure Land Sect, and later he specialized in the Vinaya Sect. Passed away in Wenling Nursing Home in Quanzhou in 31 years. Li Shutong is a prolific poet, calligrapher, painter and seal carver. His music is mainly composed of lyrics and music, including "Spring Outing", "Early Autumn", "Farewell", etc. After liberation, more than 10 titles were published, including "Collection of Li Shutong's Songs", "Collection of Hanjia", and "Records of the Bhikkhu's Appearances of the Four Patterns".
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