When it comes to Concubine Zhen, many people may not be familiar with it. Concubine Zhen was the favorite concubine of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. Although she only lived 24 years old, she was full of magic, and even her death triggered a series of bizarre and tortuous stories. "The Robbery of Concubine Zhen's Tomb" filmed in 1989 was based on the story of Concubine Zhen's tomb. Photographed by theft.
At the foot of Yongning Mountain, 15 kilometers west of Yi County, Hebei Province, there is an imperial mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, which is the Western Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty. The four emperors Yongzheng, Jiaqing, Daoguang and Guangxu are buried here, as well as their concubines. Among all the concubines' tombs, the most eye-catching is the tomb of Concubine Zhen.
The tomb of Concubine Zhen is located in the Chongling Concubine Garden where Emperor Guangxu’s concubines were buried. Compared with the concubine gardens of other emperors, the scale of Chongling Concubine’s Garden is very small, with only two concubines. Tomb, but more than seventy years ago, a shocking tomb robbery occurred here.
Gongmen
Hangdian Hall
East Burning Silk Furnace
In 1938, the Japanese invading army occupied Yi County. At this time, the Qing Dynasty Except for the gatekeepers in Xiling, there are no troops to protect the tomb. The former royal forbidden area suddenly became a place where ordinary people could come in and out at will, collect firewood and cut grass. E Shichen from Huabei Village near the Xiling Tomb of the Qing Dynasty found his close friend Guan Youren and prepared to raise an army in troubled times. Because he had no money to buy guns, he thought of robbing the tomb. E Shichen and Guan Youren looked for personnel separately, found a few assistants, and organized 8 people to temporarily form a tomb-stealing gang. Because the Emperor's Mausoleum and the Queen's Mausoleum are both very large, and the underground palace is solidly built, they chose the tomb of Concubine Zhen, which is relatively complex and remote.
Chongling Concubine Garden
One morning, this group of tomb robbers came to Chongling Concubine Garden with a weapon "centipede ladder" to rob the tomb. Not wanting to disturb the old man and the big yellow dog who were guarding the mausoleum in the class room, he held the old man with a gun. The old man dared to resist, so he immediately handed over the key to the cemetery door and strangled his big yellow dog to death as requested. After entering the cemetery, there are two treasure domes in the spacious backyard. One is larger and the other is smaller. The tomb robbers chose the larger one to start excavation. However, the concubine's tomb was made with great care, and the capstone of the underground palace certificate was too strong, so the first tomb robber could not get it. It was not until the morning of the third day that the tomb robbers found gunpowder and finally succeeded in blowing up a large cave in Jin Fei's tomb, entered the tomb chamber, and stole the treasure.
The tomb of Concubine Zhen (left), the tomb of Concubine Jin (right)
In fact, the larger one is not the tomb of Concubine Zhen, but the tomb of her sister Concubine Jin. Concubine Jin and Concubine Zhen were both concubines of Emperor Guangxu, and they were sisters.
Concubine Zhen was not only handsome and smart, but also cheerful and lively, and was deeply loved by Emperor Guangxu. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu was placed under house arrest, and Concubine Zhen, who supported the reform, was relegated to the cold palace and placed under house arrest in the small courtyard behind Jingqi Pavilion in the northeast corner of the palace.
In the 26th year of Guangxu's reign ( In 1900), the Empress Dowager Cixi made strong excuses to take Concubine Zhen away for convenience, but because she was afraid that her old age would cause trouble and insult the royal family, she ordered eunuch Cui Yugui and others to push her into a well inside the Zhenshun Gate and die at the age of two. Fourteen years old.
After Cixi returned to Beijing in the spring of 1901, she saw that the well where Concubine Zhen had been thrown into was gone, so she ordered people to fish out the bones, put them in a coffin, and buried them in a palace ladies cemetery. In the fourth year of the Republic of China (1913), Concubine Zhen's sister Jin Concubine became a concubine, and she was buried back in the Concubine Chongling Garden.
I heard that the Concubine Zhen's Well in the Forbidden City was quite evil. There was no signal on the phone as soon as we arrived at the place. It was said that Emperor Guangxu went to the well every day to miss Concubine Zhen, and no sound around him could disturb him.
According to Xiaoshu's "The Night Thief of Concubine Zhen". The book "Tomb" describes that when tomb robbers entered the tomb, the body of Concubine Zhen in the coffin did not decay into a pile of bones, but looked like a living zombie: she was seen wearing a court crown on her head, wearing court clothes, holding a jade in her hand, and hanging a brocade around her waist. There is a bag next to him. The skin and flesh on his face are still there, and his facial features are blurred, especially his half-closed and slightly opened eyes. According to science, he died of injustice
Obviously, there is an objective assumption of the author's identity in the text. It is written that the owner of the tomb is Concubine Zhen who died of injustice at the hands of Cixi. In fact, it may not be Concubine Zhen. If it was Concubine Zhen, her body would not be incorruptible. Because Concubine Zhen was pushed into the well by the eunuch, and her body was fished out more than a year later. She was no longer human, so how could she be "half-closed and slightly open"? Concubine Jin was buried only about ten years after the tomb was robbed, so her body was probably not there yet. Decay. Therefore, according to what the tomb robbers saw, the tomb owner could only be Concubine Jin.
The group of tomb robbers who robbed the tomb of the Qing concubine were eventually caught by the government. Those who beheaded were beheaded, and those who were jailed were jailed. .
Zhen Fei Seal
Perhaps, the tomb robbers acted hurriedly and unintentionally preserved it while the country, Japan, and Japan did not pay attention to the gap in Xiling. Concubine Zhen’s tomb. Later literary editors made changes knowingly because of the sensational effect of the work. In short, Concubine Zhen’s death became an endless piece of history in the late Qing Dynasty.
As the saying goes: "A dragon gives birth to nine sons with various differences. "In mythological stories, dragons are all male, but there is no mention of "female dragons." The dragon was originally a product of personal imagination, but its "nine sons" were described as having noses and eyes. Although these nine brothers have different heads and faces. Everyone has their own appearance and personality. In Chinese culture, they have always been mysterious and dominant. The nation that worships dragons certainly attaches great importance to "nine sons born from dragons".
Those literati and doctors in the Ming Dynasty were happy to roll cigarettes for "Dragon in the Cloud" and "Dragon in the Water". After they added fuel and jealousy, the pedigree of "Dragon Son" became more and more clear and complete. For example, Lu Rong's "Shu Yuan Miscellaneous Notes", Li Dongyang's "Huailutang Collection", Yang Shen's "Sheng'an Collection", Li Xu's "Jie'an Old Man's Writings", and Xu Yingqiu's "Yuzhitang Tan Yun", etc. And so on, they all vividly conveyed the voices, smiles, anger, sorrow and joy of the "Dragon Sons". Although there are slight differences in the names and order of the nine "Dragon Sons", the overall appearance is not very different.
"Dragon Son" is on the list, and everyone has his or her own opinion. The Ming Dynasty people gave detailed records on the abundance of the nine brothers. Li Dongyang wrote in "Huailu Hall Collection": "The nine sons of a dragon will not become a dragon, each has his own interests. The prisoner Niu was a good musician throughout his life, and the head of the Huqin today is engraved with his portrait. Yasu is a life-long lover of killing, with a golden handle. The dragon swallowing his mouth is his portrait. The beast on the corner of the temple is his portrait. The animal on the bell is his portrait. The animal button on the bell is his portrait. This is his portrait. The beast on the monument is his portrait. The lion on the prison gate is his portrait. Pan Xing's pull? Spring? Meng Tao? Zang Guzang looks at Huang Pan Xing! ?/p>
"Tianlu Shiyu·Dragon Seed" can be used as supplementary information, which preaches : "There are nine kinds of dragon seeds according to folklore, each with its own merits. One is called "grain", "humping rolling", "enzyme brown wood", "roof", "deer steamer", "qiebohuan", and "chiki". It looks like before and has a good nature. Now the beast in the house is The head is the name; the third is Pulao, which is shaped like a dragon and is small, with a good nature of roaring, and is also a lower-level star in this bell; the fourth is Bian, which is like a tiger and has talents, so it is established at the prison gate; the fifth is greedy and good food, so it is established On the lid of the cauldron; the sixth is called the earthworm, which is good at water, so it is erected on the bridge pillar; the seventh is called the 睚禦, whose nature is good at killing, so it is placed on the sword ring; the eighth is called the golden ni, which is shaped like a lion and likes cooking fires, so it is placed on the incense burner. ; The picture of pepper in the ninth chapter is shaped like a snail and a clam, and has a closed nature, so it is placed in the door shop. ”
(1) Prisoner Ox. He is a small yellow dragon with scales and horns. He is gentle, versatile, and especially loves music. This man often squats on the head of the piano, narcissistically browsing the beautiful strings of the world. . As a famous music "enthusiast", his statue is comparable to that of Beethoven and Schubert, and sometimes appears on the head of the precious huqin. Therefore, the Han nationality's "leading huqin" came into being. He not only stands on the Han nationality's huqin. , also possesses the dragon-headed Yueqin of the Yi people, the Sanxianqin of the Bai people, and some musical instruments of the Tibetan people.
(2) Yaju. He has a strange appearance, a dragon head, and a body similar to that of a tiger and leopard, and has a combative temperament throughout his life. Killing, the bayonet is red at every turn. As an "excellent thug", he monopolizes the ring, handle and mouth of the steel knife. People firmly believe that with the protection of this guy, he will be able to escape and be invincible on the battlefield. In order to show his majesty, Yaizhen was also invited to the guard of honor and had weapons for palace protection. He had a domineering spirit of "Jiang Taigong is here, the gods will give way"
This one resembles a wild beast. This guy is a "street guy". He has a very weird hobby, likes to climb high and climb dangerous places, and watch people all over the world. This kind of "special talent" can also be put to great use. He was spotted by a modern architect and arranged for him. On the cornices of majestic palaces, the animals on the cornices of palaces and temples are Chaofeng. Of course, he is accompanied by a large group of them, arranged in a solid formation, standing high on the eaves with their teeth and claws: the leader is one. An immortal who rides on beasts. In front of the immortal are the following: dragon, phoenix, lion, Pegasus, seahorse, Suan Ni, Ayu, Xie Zhi, bullfighting, and what? This herd of beasts symbolizes power, and the shape of their arrangement There is a level of majesty. The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing can be a slightly lower palace, but it must be added with "preparation". Like the dragon, it not only symbolizes good luck and solemnity, but also has the function of deterring demons and purging. Disasterful expression and strength.
(4) Pulao. He looks most like his father, with a round figure and a downcast head. His most obvious characteristic is his "big voice". When he screams, he can sound like a bell. It was spread hundreds of miles away. Since he was "Pavarotti" among the dragons, he was regarded as a totem of "vocal music". People carved his image into rings and cast them on bronze musical instruments. It is said that Pulao lived by the sea and he was afraid of the huge whales. When the whales made noise, he would scream loudly in fear. According to the characteristics of these "natural enemies", people deliberately made Pulao into a bell button to ring the bell. The wooden pestle is made into the shape of a whale. When struck like this, the sound of the bell reaches far into the sky.
(5) Suan Ni looks like a lion. In fact, Suan Ni is originally a symbol of the lion. Hui Lin, an eminent monk of the Tang Dynasty, said: "Suanni is a lion, and it comes from the Western Regions. "Unfortunately, Suanni looks different on the outside. Although he looks scary, he has an extremely calm nature. He doesn't like to show his teeth and run around. Instead, he is like a malnourished patient, waiting to meditate and sink into a place where incense gathers. Listen. It is said that the Buddha saw that it was patient, so he put it under his crotch and used it as a mount. Therefore, the feet of the Buddha's seat and the incense burner are decorated with the image of Suan Ni. The word "Dragon Son" is also used in classical novels. In "Water Margin", isn't the 49th hero of Liangshan "Earth Star" Deng Fei called "Fire Eyes Suanni"?
(6) Also called "Emperor". ?Diary thin U food play cut ?Smilax silkworms croak ?Bu League ,breeding beer pulling ,薖蔖 4 ,dan ,芤豢谖 ,rotten .The sea water is all over the river, so it has a nickname "swallowing the river earthworm".
His ability to regulate water volume is enough to surpass the hugely expensive "Three Gorges Project". An untamed river, under his subordinates' obedience, "a few can carry ships, many do not flood crops." With such a good thing, he was immediately invited Climb the stone pillars of the bridge. Legend has it that the earthworm is now very untamed and often carries three mountains and five mountains on its back, wandering around in rivers, lakes and seas. After Dayu subdued him, he moved the stone tablet to restrain him. Therefore, the official came up with the image of "Batuo Stone Stele". In fact, the quality of "the emperor's strength is different." Moreover, "the emperor's strength is different."/p>
< p> (7) Bi Fang. Also known as "Charter", it looks like a tiger. He is talented, loves to meddle in other people's business, and especially likes to bring others into lawsuits. Therefore, both the yamen and the prison use his image as a cover-up. Bi An was born to be a "chief judge". He speaks uprightly, knows right from wrong, and doesn't rub dirt in his eyes. No one wants to have a relationship with him or get close to him. Coupled with his upright and people-friendly appearance, everyone is in awe of him. No wonder his eager eyes are everywhere on the lintel of the prison and on the "Quiet Signs" and "Avoidance Signs" in the courtroom - justice begets enlightenment, integrity begets authority!(8) Chi kiss. He is a fish-shaped dragon with a big mouth, as if it doesn't have enough to eat, and likes to swallow things. "Taiping Yulan" says: "In the Tang Hui Dynasty, after the disaster in the Liang Palace of the Han Dynasty, Yue Wu said, 'There are fish and turtles in the sea, their tails are like owls, and strong waves will bring rain.' So they made their likeness at the tail to avoid the fire." "The so-called "Yuqiu" is the "former name" of Chiki. Chiki has excellent water properties and has the effect of suppressing evil and avoiding fire. Buddhism placed him under the throne of the rain god. He was said to be able to put out fires. Officials regarded him as a "spine-eating beast" and placed him in the middle of the roof in order to extinguish disasters and put out fires.
(9) Pepper picture. He is the fifth son of the nine sons born from the dragon in modern Han myths and legends. It looks like a snail and a clam, with a closed nature. It hates others entering its nest, so it has a ring on its head to symbolize its image. Therefore, people often carve its image on the pavement of the door or describe it on the door panel.
The versions about the nine "Dragon Sons" are very confusing, and it is really impossible to choose the most authoritative version. I can only talk about myself, but it is in vain to listen to it. In addition to the above-mentioned "Nine Sons", there are other shortlists, such as: on the bell and tripod, the gluttonous "Glutton"; in the hands of the businessman, the "Pixiu" who only takes money and does not shed any money? In fact, " "The dragon gave birth to nine sons" is originally an "imaginary number", just like "King Wen's hundred sons", every one is counted. As long as the hope of good things in the world still exists, these legends and totems representing auspiciousness and luck will be empty and empty from time to time. More and more.
Free school, as the name implies, is a free "compulsory education." The Chinese established free schools much earlier than those in Western countries.
The pioneering period of Chinese righteousness can be traced back to the "Four-Sects of righteousness" established by brothers Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi in Fuzhou in the late Tang Dynasty. At that time, China was in turmoil, warlords were separatist, and the fortunes of the Tang Dynasty were about to be exhausted. The period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is about to come. During this period, brothers Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi from Gushi, Henan, led a group of Chinese troops south to Fujian and took over Fujian. When the Wang brothers ruled Fujian in the early days, they felt that the culture of Fuzhou at that time was relatively backward, and many residents were ignorant. In order to revive Ba Fujian, the far-sighted Wang brothers believed that the first major thing to do was to start with the cause of civilized education.
According to the "New Tang Book? 6? Wang Chao Biography", when Wang Chao's troops entered Fuzhou, the Tang Dynasty regime still existed, so Emperor Zhaozong Li Ye of the Tang Dynasty came to power in the first year of Qianning (894). Appoint Wang Chao as Fujian Observer. The first thing Wang Chao did in Fuzhou was "to study the four righteous schools." The so-called "four righteous studies" here are the earliest "compulsory education" in Chinese history. The standards of the "Four Free Schools" are higher than those of the government and state schools, and they are of the nature of higher education. It is the highest institution of higher learning in Fujian and is open to the common people.
After Wang Chao's death, his younger brother Wang Shenzhi succeeded to the throne. He also inherited the educational miracle started by his brother, continued to expand the scope of education, and called for the establishment of campuses in various places, so that there were prefectural schools and county schools. There are schools in counties and private schools in remote villages. The court allocates special funds to provide food for teachers and students, and provides education through private assistance. In the first year of Liang Longde after the Five Dynasties (921), Wang Shenzhi adopted Weng Chengzhan's initiative to "establish four schools" (Classics, History, Zi, and Ji) outside Liuhui Gate in Fuzhou, and hired famous literati Chen Tan, Huang Tao, etc. The "Doctors of the Four Doors" taught the students, aiming to "gather books to promote education, so that the people know etiquette and justice, and do good deeds." The king of Fujian, Shen Zhi, also visited the school regularly to review papers, discuss talents and confer appointments. Studying in Fujian became a trend. Central Fujian was known as the hometown of scholars and Confucianism, presenting the old reading scene of "thousands of houses with lights on reading at night".
With the southward shift of the world's political center, Fuzhou's economic, social and academic culture is very active. Talented officials with both talent and learning gathered in Rongcheng, such as Cheng Shimeng, Zhang Boyu, Xin Qiji, Lu You, Cai Xiang, Zeng Gong Wait, the development of civilization has reached a prosperous period. In the Song Dynasty, the number of Jinshi in Fuzhou ranked first in the world. In the first year of Jiading in the Song Dynasty (1208), there was a scene where all "one list and three tripods" were from Fuzhou; The county won three top prizes in three consecutive subjects in seven years, which is rare throughout the ages. Through the development of education by brothers Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi, the first rapid economic and cultural period in Fujian history began.
Fuzhou's "voluntary education" system was originally of a "government-run" nature, that is, the government financed the establishment of free "voluntary education". But since then, volunteer schools have gradually changed to be established by enthusiastic people in society.
At first, its funding was mainly supported by the "land rent" payment from the family's public land, or donations from wealthy local businessmen. This type of righteousness has existed in all dynasties since the Tang Dynasty, and it is very different from place to place. Running "voluntary schools" has also become a fine tradition in the history of Chinese civilization and education.