Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a great German composer and one of the representatives of the Vienna classical music school. Beethoven was born on December 16, 1770 in Bonn, a small town on the Rhine River not far from France. His grandfather was the conductor of the Bonn court orchestra, and his father was a court tenor. Beethoven's musical genius has been revealed since he was a child. His father was eager to train him to become a child prodigy like Mozart. He forced him to learn piano and violin from an early age. When he was eight years old, he began to perform in concerts and try to compose music. , however, the music education he received during this period has been very fragmented and unsystematic.

At the age of twelve, he was already able to play freely and served as the assistant of the organist Nie Fei (1748-1798). It was at this time that he began to formally study music with Nie Fei. Nie Fei was a musician with many talents. He expanded Beethoven's artistic vision, made Beethoven familiar with some excellent examples of German classical art, and consolidated Beethoven's understanding of lofty purposes. Beethoven's formal learning and systematic upbringing actually began with Nie Fei's careful teaching and training: Nie Fei also guided him to Vienna to teach Mozart in 1787. After hearing his performance, Mozart predicted that one day Beethoven would shock the world. Beethoven received news of his mother's death soon after arriving in Vienna, and he had to rush back to Bonn immediately. Due to family burdens, he did not come to Vienna for the second time until the death of his father in the autumn of 1792, but by this time Mozart was no longer alive. After Beethoven came to Vienna for the second time, he quickly won the title of Vienna's most outstanding performer (especially improvisation). Later, he first studied with Haydn, and later with Schenck, Albrecht Berg and Salieri. Through his contacts with the intellectual Breining in Bonn, he came into contact with many famous professors, writers and musicians at that time, and from them he was influenced by the ideological trend of the "Turbulence Movement". His democratic ideas had reached maturity in the years before the French Revolution, but they grew particularly rapidly during the revolutionary years.

The progressive ideology of the French bourgeois revolution in 1789 inspired him a lot, thus laying the foundation for his humanistic world - a deep belief in human equality, the pursuit of justice and individual freedom, and a hatred of the oppression of feudal autocracy. . Although the three famous composers of the Vienna Classical School lived in a very close era, Beethoven's thoughts obviously did not belong to the same "era" as Haydn and Mozart. Haydn was humiliated throughout his life. Although he was occasionally provoked, he always accepted it. The progressive literary trends and revolutionary sentiments at that time rarely excited him, and his music was always insulated from struggle. Mozart suffered no less spiritually than Haydn. He was brave enough to resist and would rather be poor than endure the insult of the archbishop. However, in his music, behind the joy full of sunshine and youthful vitality, you can often still feel a trace of it. Emotions of pain, melancholy and sadness. Only Beethoven not only angrily opposed the tyranny of the feudal system, but also used his music to call on people to fight for freedom and happiness. Most of Beethoven's creations during his Bonn period (1782-1792) were small piano pieces, ensembles and songs. During this period, it can be said that he was only in the preparatory stage of creation. In the first ten years of his creation in Vienna (1792-1802), the only famous works are "Sorrow", "Moonlight", "Kreutzer" sonata and "Third Piano Concerto". But during this period, he gained a better understanding of social and political issues, and was able to realize the goals he wanted to pursue. From 1802 to 1812, his creation entered a mature period, which later became his "heroic age".

The maturation process of Beethoven's creative activities seems to be quite slow on the surface, but in fact it is very stable. He only began to write his first symphony when he was thirty years old. At this age, Mozart had already written about forty symphonies.

Beethoven had felt his hearing weakening since 1796, but it was not until 1801, when he was convinced that his ear disease was incurable, that he told his friends about it. However, his love for art and life overcame his personal pain and despair - suffering became the source of his creative power. At the height of such a spiritual crisis, he began to compose his optimistic "Eroic Symphony."

The "Eroica Symphony" marks a turning point in Beethoven's spirit and also marks the beginning of his "Heroic Age".

In Beethoven’s later period in Vienna, because Europe was experiencing a period of serious political reaction, that is, a period when Metternich’s reactionary rule was particularly rampant, his creations also temporarily declined (1813- 1817). Starting from 1818, during the last ten years of Beethoven's life (1818-1827), despite being completely deaf, his health deteriorating, living in poverty, and mentally tortured, he still created """" with giant-like perseverance. "Ninth (Chorus) Symphony" summarizes his glorious and epic life and shows the best wishes of mankind.

Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26, 1827. No family member was by his side when he died, but when he was buried on the 29th of the same month, a mass wave was formed. All schools were closed to express condolences. Twenty thousand people escorted his coffin, and there was an inscription on his tombstone. With the inscription by the Austrian poet Greer Bacze (1791-1872): "When you stand in front of his coffin, what envelopes you is not dejection, but a noble emotion; we can only feel for him A person like him can say: He has accomplished a great cause... Beethoven is one of the great artists in the history of world art. His creations embody his giant-like character and reflect the progressive thinking of that era. , its image of revolutionary heroism can be summarized as "through suffering - to joy; through struggle - to victory". His works are both magnificent and simple, and their music is rich in content and easy to listen to. Understood and accepted. Beethoven's music epitomizes the pain and joy of the people of his time, so it always inspired people and inspired people's fighting spirit, and even now it makes people feel warm and friendly. Inspiring.

"Moonlight" was originally called "Piano Sonata in C-sharp minor" and was composed in 1801, close to Beethoven's mature period of creation. That's why this piano piece is called "Moonlight". After listening to it, the German poet Ludwig Leerstable said: "Listening to the first movement of this work reminded me of Lake Lucerne in Switzerland and the bright moonlight rippling on the lake. " Later, the publisher added the title "Moonlight" based on this passage, and various legends about the composer improvising under the moonlight became popular. In fact, it was not the bright moonlight that touched Beethoven's creation, but Beethoven's music. Fen and Juliet Chichardi's painful feelings after their first love failed. Juliet was the count's daughter, and they loved each other sincerely. However, due to their family background, Beethoven was forced to break up after suffering this heavy blow. , pouring all the inner pain and intense grief and indignation caused by the feudal hierarchy into this passionate and fiery piano music.