Percussion music is a traditional Han music composed mainly of percussion instruments, wind instruments and other ensemble forms. It has become an important type of music in the history of Chinese music. Follow my steps below to learn about the music theory knowledge of percussion music!
Music theory knowledge of percussion music (1)
The initial stage is not Later than the early Han Dynasty. When the Ban family dominated the northwest, Ban Yi had already used drum music ("Dingjun Rite"), which originated from the horse music of the northwest people. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "Hengchui" in drum music also drew creative material from the music of the Western Regions "Maha Doule"; during the Six Dynasties, it was also related to "Beidi Music" and "Northern Xiaogu". As a type of music that developed and matured in the Central Plains, the relationship between drumming music and pre-Qin Kaile music (a kind of military music) has not been tested; from the perspective of the tradition of folk music used in the imperial court and the army during the Han Dynasty, it is closely related to Xianghege and Qing Dynasty music. Shang Le has close ties. "Yuefu Poetry Collection"? Advocacy tunes? Preface:? Long flute, short flute, "Ji Lu" also says: Sun (silk) and bamboo cooperate, the executive sings?; Qing Shang Music Dictionary "Huang Hu Qu" Preface:? According to the name of the Han Dynasty horizontal blowing song "Huang Hu". ?The relationship between percussion music and folk songs is very close. Even the military music of the Han Dynasty did not avoid the original lyrics of folk songs with themes of love and anti-war, such as the Han cymbal song "Shangxie" singing about the eternity of love, and the horizontal wind song "Purple Horse" Sing: You will join the army at the age of fifteen and return home at the age of eighty. The close connection between drum music and folk music since the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties can be seen only from the form and content of the existing drum music and lyrics in the "Collection of Yuefu Poems".
Music theory knowledge of percussion music (2)
Percussion music is a kind of percussion instrument that was popular in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties - drums and wind instruments - panpipes, transverse flutes, bamboo flutes, horns, etc. Ensemble music and sometimes singing. At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty, percussion music became popular in the residential areas of the Han and ethnic minorities in the north. It was probably derived from the horse music of the ethnic minorities in the northwest. At that time, drums, horns, and bamboo instruments were used to play. The two wind instruments, horn and bamboo, may be closely related to livestock life. The horns were originally made of animal horns, but were later made of bamboo, wood, leather, copper and other materials. Jia was originally played with rolled reed leaves. Later, the reed leaves were made into whistles and mounted on a pipe with press holes, which was called Jia Guan. Both are distinctive ethnic musical instruments. Percussion music was originally dominated by foreign music. After entering the Central Plains, this form was used in military music because of its loudness and majesty. Later, it was combined with folk music from various places, gradually forming various styles of percussion music. During the reign of Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, the music in the Yuefu Handan drummers, Jiangnan drummers, Huainan drummers, etc. may refer to drummers from different regions. Judging from the lyrics of Han Dynasty percussion music collected in "Collection of Yuefu Poems", they are not limited to military music and military songs, but also many works involving love themes and anti-story content.
Among them are "Thinking", which is about a woman's decision to break up with a heartless and heartless man, "Shangxie", which praises a woman's unwavering love, and "Battle City South", which curses the ruling class for launching war. , were originally Han folk songs, and were later absorbed by drum music from all over the world.
After the drumming music was adopted by the court, it was used in the army, ceremonies and banquets. Due to the different formations and application occasions of the band, there are different titles such as "Huangmen Gubu", "Hengxiu", "Qi blow", "Duanxiong", "Xiaogu" and so on.
The drumming music between the Han and Wei Dynasties is divided according to its purpose, and generally has the following categories: ① Huangmen drumming: mastered by the emperor’s servants, mainly listed in the palace, called "Shijule" (banquet, banquet, etc.) used when drinking and eating), also known as "Changxiao". Huangmen advocated that it was also used in the "Lu Bu" (ceremonial guard) dedicated to the emperor. "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing" records: "The great emperor of the Han Dynasty has temples in Ganquan and Fenyin, equipped with thousands of horses and thousands of horses, and there are advocates in front and behind the Huangmen." ?The imperial court and the book for offering pottery are quite similar to the drum music of later generations, which also included sitting music and traveling music. ②Qi Chui: It is used to accompany emperors, nobles and other chariots. It is named after playing on horses with instruments such as flutes, bamboos, drums and drums. ③ Short flute and cymbal songs: Cai Yong refers to military music, mainly used in grand events such as societies, temples, "Kaile", "Wuhui", "suburban sacrifices", "school hunts", etc. ④Horizontal blow: used to play with the army, and the court often gave it to the border generals. Volume 21 of "Collection of Yuefu Poems" explains the difference between drumming and horizontal blowing: "The horizontal blowing music was also called drumming at the beginning." Those with flutes and bamboo pipes are used for drumming; those with drums and horns are used for horizontal blowing. They are used in the army and are played on horseback. "Jin Shu Le Zhi" also says: "Hu Jiao" was originally used to respond to the sound of Hu Jia, but later it was gradually used to blow horizontally. It has double horns, which is Hu Le.
From this we can see that "Hengchui" is a latecomer, and its representative work is the famous "New Sound Twenty-eight Interpretations" ("Jin Shu Yue Zhi").
Music theory knowledge of drum music (3)
Xianyouduwei drum music began in the Song Dynasty and became popular in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. It has been included in the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in Fujian Province Masterpiece list. "Collection of Chinese Ethnic Folk Instrumental Music" calls it "Chinese Fujian elegant music, a relic of ancient times". ?
Xianyou County Chronicles: Xianyou folk music has a long history. It gathers the elites of the ancient songs of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, leaving behind the legacy of colorful clothes and feathers, collecting the collection of palace teachings, and taking the tunes of the mountains, villages and fields. ?After long-term evolution and development, it has formed strong local characteristics. Among them, ?Da Gu Chui? is named after the big suona and big drums played during the performance. The drums, big gongs, big cymbals, double cymbals, small gongs, bell gongs and a pair of big suonas (commonly known as "male and female blowing"), the male blows an octave higher, the female blows an octave lower, with a slight complexation of branches. (Modulation factor)), large occasions such as welcoming guests and seeing off guests must be played with "big drums" at the beginning and at the end.
According to research, Duwei drum and percussion music is an ancient type of music in the history of Chinese folk music, originating from the Northern Song Dynasty. It was originally Beidi military music. After being introduced to the Central Plains, it was combined with Daqu and became Huangmen Drum Music. Later, immigrants from Fujian merged the Central Plains music culture with local folk music. Advocating music can be divided into four categories: "big drumming", "small drumming", "big shed drumming", and "three teachings drumming". The most distinctive "Qi Zhi Pu" among small drum instruments is also called "Keban Chui". According to legend, a certain vassal king in the Song Dynasty brought a group of drummers from Nanjing to Fujian. Due to the war, they were scattered all over the country. They were taught by Cai and Yunshui at Duwei The skills are passed down to this day.
Duwei drumming music cards include "hanging gold medals", "general's order", "number one scholar tour", etc., which are consistent with the ancient welcoming ceremony and the military triumphal scene. The "Xianyou County Chronicle" published in the fifth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty quoted Huang Zhongzhao's "Old Chronicles" and said: (Song Dynasty) At the beginning of the founding of the country by Taizu, Chen Hongjin occupied the two prefectures of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. Tens of thousands of soldiers and horses entered the city, singing and dancing. Wang Shi entered the city. Do you enjoy playing drums? Jigu is the music of drumming. According to historical records, military officials in the Song Dynasty who were above Xiantai set up drum towers outside the east and west gates of the government offices, with the east one responsible for the blowing and the west one responsible for the drums. They fired cannons and played three meals a day to show the dignity of the military attachés. This system was abolished in the last years of Guangxu, and the musicians turned to folk performances. A pair of big suonas are used during the performance. In addition to the big drum, there are also big cymbals, small cymbals, big gongs, small gongs, etc. as percussion instruments.