Beginning in the 17th century, French classical literature ushered in its own glorious period, with the emergence of Molière, Stendhal, Balzac, Alexandre Dumas, Victor Hugo, and Fulou. Literary giants such as Peter Dumas, Zola, Guy de Maupassant, and Romain Rolland. Many of their works have become treasures of world literature. Among them, "Notre Dame de Paris", "The Red and the Black", "Petro Goriot", "The Count of Monte Cristo", "Les Misérables" and "Johan Christophe" have been translated into world literary works and are popular in the world. spread widely. For detective novels, there are Maurice Leblanc's The Rogue Arsene Lupin and George Simnon's Inspector Maigret. In modern times, French art has been quite innovative on the basis of inheriting tradition. Not only have there been sculpture masters like Rodin, but also representatives of Impressionism and Fauvism such as Monet and Matisse. Since the 17th century, France's world-leading position in the fields of industrial design and art design has long been evident. Schools specializing in applied arts, architecture, fashion design, and industrial design have long been famous overseas for their "Made in France" commercial achievements.
French people love sports, and the more popular sports include football, tennis, rugby, bocce, sailing, swimming, skiing, and cycling. The more famous universities include the University of Paris and the University of Lyon.
The Cannes International Film Festival is one of the five major film festivals in the world. It is held every May in Cannes, a small seaside town in southeastern France. It is one of the earliest and largest international film festivals in the world and lasts for about two weeks. In 1956, the highest award was the "Golden Duck Award", which was changed to the "Golden Palm Award" from 1957.
Arc de Triomphe of Places of Interest
Paris Arc de Triomphe (L'arc de Triomphe) is located in the center of the Place de l'Etoile (now known as Place de Gaulle) in the center of Paris. It is a French memorial to Napoleon in 1806. Built after defeating the Russian and Austrian allied forces at the Battle of Austerlitz in February 2011, the 12 streets are centered on the Arc de Triomphe and radiate to all sides, majestic and like stars. The Arc de Triomphe was designed by architect Charles Grand. The foundation stone was laid in August 1806. It took 30 summers and cold days and was completed in July 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is 49.54 meters high, 44.82 meters wide and 22.21 meters thick. It has doors on all sides, the central arch is 14.6 meters wide, the gate tower is supported by two high piers, and there is an elevator in the middle. There are three levels of corridors above the arched dome. The highest level is the exhibition room, which displays various historical relics about the Arc de Triomphe and pictures of Napoleon's life and deeds; the second level contains various French medals and medals; the lowest level is the exhibition room. The first floor is the security office and accounting office of the Arc de Triomphe.
The Eiffel Tower is located on the south bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris. It is the world's first steel structure tower and is regarded as a symbol of Paris. It is named after the design and construction by the famous French architect Staffe Eiffel. Built in 1887-1889. The tower is more than 300 meters high and weighs 9,000 tons. It is divided into three floors. The first-floor platform is 57 meters above the ground and houses shops and restaurants; the second-floor platform is 115 meters high and houses a cafe; the third-floor platform is 276 meters high for visitors to overlook. The bottom area is 10,000 square meters. The building structure on the first floor suddenly shrank, pointing straight into the sky. Viewed from one side, it looks like the letter "Y" written upside down. The tower is composed of more than 18,000 components and more than 2.5 million rivets. There is an elevator or hiking to the top of the tower. At night, the top of the tower emits rotating colored searchlights to prevent aircraft collisions. A rectangular white marble column is erected next to the tower, with a gilded head of Staff Eiffel placed on the top of the column.
The Louvre (Palais du Louvre) is one of the largest palace buildings in France. It is located on the right bank of the Seine River in the center of Paris and on the south side of the Paris Opera Square. It was originally a medieval castle. It was rebuilt and expanded many times after the 16th century, and reached its current size in the 18th century. It covers an area of ??approximately 45 hectares. As early as 1546, French King Francois I decided to build a new palace on the basis of the original castle. After that, nine monarchs continued to expand it, which lasted more than 300 years, forming a magnificent and splendid U-shaped palace complex.
On August 10, 1793, on the anniversary of the overthrow of the monarchy, the French "National Convention" decided to turn the former royal palace into a national museum of fine arts; on November 18 of the same year, the Louvre Museum was officially opened to the public. All its construction was completed in 1857. On the west side of the Louvre's zigzag-shaped main hall, two side halls stretch out, and the open space in the middle forms the Carrousel Square. There are long colonnades on the east side of the palace, and the building is majestic and majestic. Its galleries are 900 feet long and contain a large collection of works by many artists from the 17th century and the European Renaissance. The collection contains 400,000 items. The Louvre Museum of Fine Arts is divided into six major parts: the Greek and Roman Art Gallery; the Oriental Art Gallery; the Egyptian Art Gallery; the European Medieval, Renaissance and Modern Statue Gallery; and the Painting Gallery of the Past Dynasties. The exhibition is divided into different genres, schools and eras. The first floor exhibits sculptures. The second layer is oil painting, and the third layer is sketch and pastel painting. In the early 1980s, the French government implemented the "Grand Louvre Plan" to expand and repair the Louvre.
Notre-Dame de Paris is the most famous medieval Gothic cathedral, famous for its size, age and archaeological and architectural value. The Bishop of Paris, Maurice Desullie, once envisioned combining two earlier basilica (rectangular) churches into one large church. The foundation stone was laid by Pope Alexander III in 1163, the high altar was dedicated in 1189, and hymns were sung in 1240. The banquet, west facade and nave were completed, and the portico, prayer room and other decorations were built over the next hundred years. The internal plane is 130×48 meters, the roof is 35 meters high, and the tower is 68 meters high. The tower's spire was never built. The church had to be rebuilt in the 19th century after being damaged over the years. Only three huge rose windows still retain the stained glass from the 13th century. The flying buttresses in the back hall are particularly powerful and beautiful.
The Place de la Bastille (Place de la Bastille) is located in the east of Paris on the right bank of the Seine River. It was a military fortress built from 1369 to 1382 AD. The original meaning of the word "Bastille" in French is "castle". This ancient castle has eight towering and solid forts, which were originally built to resist British invasion. From 1380 to 1422, the castle was converted into a royal prison. The entire castle covers an area of ??2,670 square meters. It is surrounded by a high and thick stone wall and eight towers more than 30 meters high. A deep ditch 24 meters wide is dug around it, and a suspension bridge is set up to enter and exit. As early as the 16th century, political prisoners began to be imprisoned here, and the French Enlightenment thinker Voltaire was imprisoned here twice. In the minds of the French people, the Bastille has become a symbol of French feudal autocratic rule. On July 3, 1789, the people of Paris rose up in uprising. On the 14th, they captured the Bastille, marking the beginning of the French Revolution. In 1791, the people of Paris demolished the Bastille, built the Place de la Bastille on its old site, and spread the demolished stones on the Pont de la Concorde on the Seine River for passers-by to trample on. In 1830, the French people built a monument to the martyrs of the July Revolution in the center of the square. This martyrs monument is 52 meters high. The body of the monument is a cylinder made of bronze, known as the "July Column". At the top of the column is a golden-winged Statue of Liberty holding a torch in its right hand. The statue is holding a broken chain in its left hand as a symbol. Got free. There was a sign in front of the prison site that read: "Let's dance here!" In June 1880, France designated July 14, the day when the people of Paris captured the Bastille, as France's National Day.
Panthéon (le Panthéon) is located in the Latin Quarter on the left bank of the Seine in the center of Paris. It was built in 1791 and is a temple that permanently commemorates French historical figures. It was originally the Saint-Genevieve Church built in the Louis XV era. After it was nationalized and separated from religion in 1791, it was turned into a cemetery for the burial of "great men". Between 1814 and 1830, it was returned to the church. The art decoration in the Pantheon is very beautiful, and the large mural on the dome was created by the famous painter Antoine Grote. After the "July Revolution" in 1830, the theme of the painting changed, and the Pantheon took on a "purely patriotic and national" character.
Buried in the Pantheon are Voltaire, Rousseau, Victor Hugo, Emile Zola, Marceline Bertolo, Jean Jaures, Berlioz, Malraux, Alexandre Dumas, Gu Mr. and Mrs. Li et al. As of November 2002, there are 70 people who have made extraordinary contributions to France.
Center National d'art et de Culture Georges Pompidou is located on the north side of the Latin Quarter in Paris, on Avenue Beaubourg on the right bank of the Seine. It is often referred to by locals as "Boburg". The exterior of the cultural center is lined with steel frames and pipes, and is painted in red, yellow, blue, green, white and other colors according to different functions. Because this modern building looks very much like a factory, it is also known as the "Oil Refinery" and the "Cultural Factory". This modern building with novel design and unique shape was decided to build by the late President Pompidou in 1969. Construction officially started in 1972 and was completed in 1977. It opened in February of the same year. The entire building covers an area of ??7,500 square meters, with a construction area of ??100,000 square meters and 6 floors above ground. The entire building is divided into four parts: the Industrial Creation Center, the Public Knowledge Library, the Modern Art Museum, and the Music and Sound Harmony and Research Center.
Place de la Concorde is located in the center of Paris on the north bank of the Seine. It is the most famous square in France and one of the most beautiful squares in the world. The square was built in 1757 according to the design of the famous architect Cabriel. Because there was an equestrian statue of Louis XV in the center of the square, it was named "Louis XV Square" in 1763. During the Revolution of 1793, the people of Paris rose up and destroyed the bronze statue of Louis XV and sent Louis XVI to the guillotine. At this time, it was renamed "Revolution Square". In 1795, it was renamed "Place de la Concorde". Later, the famous architect Hitofer presided over the renovation, and finally formed its current scale in 1840. In the center of the square stands a 23-meter-high Egyptian obelisk with a history of more than 3,400 years. This is a famous cultural relic moved by Louis-Philippe from Luxor, Egypt in 1831. The ancient text on the obelisk records that Pharaoh Ramses II deeds. There is a fountain on each side of the stone monument. The exquisite carvings in the pool are also the work of Hitover. Eight statues are placed around the square, symbolizing eight cities that have played an important role in French history: Lyon, Marseille, Bordeaux, Nantes, Rouen, Brest, Lille and Strasbourg.
The Champs-Elysees (Avenue des Champs-Elysees) starts from the Place de la Concorde in the east and ends at the Place de l'Etoile in the west. It is about 1,800 meters long and the widest part of the street is about 120 meters. It is the most distinctive street across Paris. , one of the busiest streets. In French, "Champs Elysees" means "idyllic paradise". In the past, this was a low-lying, damp clearing. During the reign of Louis XIV in the 17th century, trees were planted here, making it a restricted area exclusively for the pleasure of the court nobles. Later, the east-west axis of Tuileries Park was extended westward, and a nearly 1-kilometer-long boulevard was built here. It was later expanded and named Champs Elysées in 1709. The street is bounded by Av. Roosevelt, which runs north to south, and is divided into east and west sections with different styles. The quiet eastern section embodies the pastoral scenery, about 700 meters long, with rows of green parasol trees, and the garden in the middle of the street disappears and appears among thousands of trees. The western section is more than 1,100 meters long. In the center of the star-shaped square at the western end is the majestic and famous Arc de Triomphe. At the east end of the Place de la Concorde, there are the Bourbon Palace and the Madeleine Cathedral at the north and south ends. Place de la Concorde is another transportation hub in Paris. There are also places of interest such as the Grand and Small Exhibitions Palace and the Elysée Palace on the Champs Elysées. Some of France's major festivals - the National Day military parade on July 14 and the New Year's Eve party - are all held on this famous street.
France is mainly famous for its art and culture. In France, there are many film festivals, exhibitions, concerts, etc. for people to enjoy.
French playwright Molière: born January 15, 1622. His real name is Jean-Baptiste Poquelin. Molière was the stage name he used after joining the theater troupe.
Molière lost his mother when he was 10 years old, and his grandfather often took him to see farces, comedies and tragicomedies. In the 1950s, Molière began to write and perform some farces and comedies, such as "The Daredevil" (1653). In 1658, he returned to Paris and mainly engaged in classical comedy creation. A series of works came out, such as "The Lovely Talent" (1659), "Scanaler" (1660), "The School of Husbands" (1661), and "The School of Wife". (1662). The period 1664-1668 was the peak period of Molière's creation. His main plays include "The Hypocrite" (1664), "Don Juan" (1665), "The Cheapskate" (1668), etc. After 1668, Molière also wrote some satirical works. Molière wrote more than 30 comedies throughout his life. He appropriately introduced farce elements into his character creation, made full use of everyday language, and made outstanding contributions to the development of comedy art. Molière died of illness in 1673.
Voltaire (1694-1778): a French Enlightenment thinker in the 18th century, known as the "King of Thought" and "the best poet in France". His original name was Fran?ois-Marie Arouet, and Voltaire was his pseudonym. Born into a wealthy middle-class family in Paris, he received a good education since childhood. Voltaire experienced the rule of the three feudal dynasties of Louis XIV, XV and XVI, witnessed the rise and fall of feudal despotism, and personally felt the decadence and reaction of feudal despotism. In his youth, he was imprisoned in the Bastille twice for publishing works against the rule of the feudal aristocracy. After being released from prison in 1725, he lived in England for three years. He advocated the rule of "enlightened monarch" and implemented constitutional monarchy. Voltaire created many works. He opposed feudal autocracy and religious superstition, promoted the principles of freedom and equality, and advocated that people are equal before the law. His major works include: "Philosophical Dictionary", "On the Customs and Spirits of Various Nationalities", "The Age of Louis XIV", etc. He also wrote the historical drama "Orphans of China" about China.
Rousseau (1712-1778): French Enlightenment thinker and philosopher. Born into a family of watchmakers in Geneva. Worked as a servant, secretary, tutor, and music scribe. It advocates the establishment of a bourgeois democratic republic and believes that private ownership is the source of social oppression of the people, but does not advocate the complete elimination of private ownership. His major works include "Theory of Social Contract" (old translation of "Theory of Civil Contract"), "On the Origin and Basis of Human Inequality", "Confessions", etc.
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821): French politician and military strategist, Emperor of the First French Empire (1808-1814). Born in Ajaccio, Corsica. Graduated from the Paris Military Academy and served as artillery second lieutenant and major. In 1793, he made military exploits in the Battle of Toulon and was promoted to brigadier general. During the Directory period, he led troops to attack Italy (1796) and Egypt (1798). A coup was launched in November 1799 and a ruling government was established. Proclaimed emperor in 1804. In 1812, the war with Russia was defeated and the empire collapsed. Defeated at Waterloo in 1815. Exiled to the island of St. Helena in the Atlantic Ocean.
Victor Hugo (1802-1885): one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. He was talented and creative, and his literary career spanned half a century. Humanism is the main thread running through his works. Victor Hugo was born on February 26, 1802, in an officer's family in Besan?on, France. He traveled to Italy and Spain with his father when he was a child, and settled in Paris in 1814. In his youth, he embarked on the road of fighting for social progress. The novel "Notre Dame de Paris" published in 1831 shows the writer's strong anti-feudal and anti-church thoughts. When the "February Revolution" began in 1848, Victor Hugo had become a staunch Republican and was elected as a member of the Constituent Assembly, becoming the leader of the social democratic left in the French National Assembly. In 1851, Louis Bonaparte launched a coup. Victor Hugo immediately issued a manifesto to resist, but unfortunately failed. In December of the same year, Victor Hugo was forced to flee to Brussels. During his 19 years of exile, Victor Hugo persisted in his struggle against the dictatorship of Napoleon III and continued to write.
In 1862, he completed the novel "Les Misérables". In 1870, the Second French Empire collapsed, and Victor Hugo returned to his homeland. In 1872, he completed his last novel "Ninety-Three Years". Died of illness in Paris on May 22, 1885. Victor Hugo followed the pace of the times throughout his life and was an important writer in the history of French literature. It is particularly worth mentioning that in 1861, when Victor Hugo learned that the British and French invaders had set fire to the Old Summer Palace, he was filled with indignation. He wrote righteously: "The French Empire received half of the spoils from this victory, and now it is so naive that it displays the glorious plunder of the Old Summer Palace as if it were the real owner. I long for one day France can get rid of its burdens, clean up its guilt, and return these wealth to the plundered China."
Claude Monet (1840-1926) was a famous French artist and painter. Born in Paris, France in 1840, he spent his childhood in Havre. In 1859, he came to Paris and saw the works of several famous early Impressionist painters at that time. He admired their work, but Monet was not a follower but a rebel. Monet didn't care about shapes, he cared about layers. It was precisely because Monet was incompatible with shapes that he could easily express what he actually saw, but precisely because of this, he could not express the illusion of things. Realism. In 1872, Monet created the world-famous "Impression, Sunrise". This oil painting depicts the sunrise at Havre port through the mist. The painting strokes that directly touch the dots depict the unclear background in the morning mist. The various colors give the water surface infinite brilliance, but the inaccurate depiction makes the boats vaguely visible. This painting was exhibited at the First Joint Exhibition of Impressionist painters, which opened on March 25, 1874. This work is the most distinctive of Monet's paintings.
The reason why Monet became the founder of the "Impressionism" style and was recognized by his friends as the "leader of the class" is because of Monet's unshakable strong will. As we all know, Impressionism means a change in the way of feeling and observation. It not only changed painting, but also changed sculpture, music, and literature. Even today, it has not lost its influence and is still changing us.
L. Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French microbiologist, chemist, and founder of modern microbiology. Pasteur studied at the Royal Academy of Besan?on from 1839 to 1842 and at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris from 1843 to 1846, earning a doctorate. Pasteur's research on microbial fermentation and pathogenic microorganisms laid the foundation for industrial microbiology and medical microbiology, and pioneered microbial physiology. Invented "pasteurization".
Rodin (1840-1917), French sculptor, the father of modern sculpture art. In 1874, Rodin's "The Age of Bronze" was selected for the official Salon. "The Bronze Age" is a male nude sculpture based on real people, with a realistic technique. Because the statue is about the same size as a real person, and the muscles and bones of the human body are very realistic, it caused a sensation after it was exhibited. Some people in the selection committee even claimed that it was modeled from a corpse. Fortunately, Boucher came forward to defend Rodin, so he would not suffer more vicious slander.