Hand-waving dance is a kind of sacrificial and prayer activity of the Tujia people. It is usually held on New Year's Day and has developed into comprehensive folk activities such as sacrificial offerings, prayers, singing and dancing, socializing, sports competitions, and material exchanges. There are different sizes of "waving hands". Held every three to five years, it’s called the “Big Wave.” "Big Hands Waving" is large in scale, has many sets, and lasts for seven or eight days. It is held in front of the "Waving Hands Hall" together with market trade, cultural and sports activities. "Waving Hands Hall", in Tuwang Temple. "Small waving hands" is small in scale and has a small number of sets. It usually lasts for one to three days and is mostly held in the ancestral hall of the clan. In the hand-waving activity, the Tujia people recalled the hardships of their ancestors in starting a business, cherished their ancestors' achievements, and displayed the life scenes of the Tujia ancestors. The entire activity has strong traces of ancestor worship.
"There is a brocade nest in Fushi City, and the water is rippled by the Tuwang Palace. There are thousands of red lanterns and thousands of people waving their hands and singing." After reading the classic work handed down by the Tujia poet Peng Shiduo of the Qing Dynasty, it is amazing. I can't help but think back to the magnificent scenes of Tujia singing and dancing that were very popular in western Hubei, western Hunan, and eastern Chongqing.
The hand-waving dance is the most influential large-scale dance of the Tujia people, with a strong sacrificial color. It is a dance that prays for happiness and rewards ancestors. It shows the production, life, war, myths and legends of the Tujia people. Songs are born with dances, and dances are named after songs. They originated in ancient times and became popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the Tujia people's sacrificial ceremony, drums are beaten and gongs are sounded, the "Tima" or altar master leads the crowd into the waving hall or waving terrace to dance the waving dance and sing the waving song, which is majestic and touching.
Hand-waving dance is divided into two types according to its activity scale: "big hand-waving" and "small hand-waving"; according to its dance form, it is divided into "single swing", "double swing", "round swing", etc.; according to The time when it is held is divided into "Zhengyue Hall", "February Hall", "March Hall", "May Hall", "Sixth Month Hall", etc. Waving dance is divided into big waving and small waving. The big hand-waving activity is large-scale, mainly to worship the "Eight Great Gods", and performs the origin of mankind, ethnic migration, resistance to foreign invasion and agricultural activities; the small-scale hand-waving activity is smaller, to worship Lord Peng, Xiang Laoguan and Tian Haohan The main characters are local kings from various places, who perform some agricultural activities.
The big wave of hands is held in the wave of hands hall. In the center of the Hall of Waving Hands, there are statues of the eight great kings and their wives "Papa". There is a 24-meter-high flagpole erected in the middle of the large terrace of Waishou Hall. Two dragon flags on it flutter in the wind, and a white crane on the top of the flagpole flutters its wings.
The big hand wave activity is held from the ninth to the eleventh day of the first lunar month according to the traditional custom of waving twice every three years. During the festival, each village forms a waving "platoon" according to the surname or clan house. Each "platoon" is a waving team. The number of people in each "platoon" varies. They all have a waving team, a sacrificial team, a flag team, a band, and an armor team. , firecrackers.
The first team is the Dragon and Phoenix Flag Team. Dragon flags and phoenix flags are made of red, blue, white and yellow silk materials and are triangular flags with one color on each side. The flag is more than ten feet long and has a cockscomb-shaped lace on the edge. With the White Dragon Flag and the Red Phoenix Flag as the ascendant, they walked side by side at the forefront of the team.
The second order is the sacrificial team. It is composed of more than 20 respected old men in the village. They wore soap-colored gowns and held props such as eyebrow sticks, magic knives, and court tubes. One of them held a wine jar with the word "福" on it. They led the team to carry grains, game, cakes, dumplings, and tofu. Those waiting for the sacrifices will perform sacrifices and sing sacrificial songs with the master in charge.
Behind the sacrificial team is the dance team. Men, women and children of all ages can participate. They all dress in festive costumes and line up to enter the ceremony holding a chariot tube or an evergreen branch in their hands.
Following the dance team is the small flag team. On the ordinary side, the colors are colorful, including rectangular and triangular shapes, and are also decorated with ruffles. Dedicate it to the altar of the "Eight Parts King" to express your gratitude to your ancestors.
Then came the band, the armored team, and the firecrackers. The band is divided into two types: drums and gongs. Together with the horns, horns, wild trumpets, dong dong quin, etc., they play the unique melody of Tujia festivals.
The armor team is composed of young adults wearing colorful "Silan Kapu". The Tujia people are naturally brave and martial. They use brocade as armor in the hand-waving dance to demonstrate their majesty.
The firecrackers are composed of bird cannons and three-eyed cannons. Each team enters the hand-waving hall according to the above procedures. After entering the hall, first sweep away evil spirits and then calm the nerves. Master Zhangtang holds a broom and uses a high-pitched and passionate voice to strongly condemn those exploiters who "do big things in and small things out"; with the iron broom of morality, he sweeps away those "who have the intention to harm others and do what they do" The national scum of "stealing as a traitor" fully demonstrates the Tujia people's virtues of hating evil and being simple and kind-hearted.
During the sacrifice, the priests, led by the headmaster, knelt down with their left feet in sequence, and the dancers also knelt down devoutly, leading the sacrifice team and singing sacred songs in unison. The lyrics were euphemistic and profound, and the atmosphere was solemn and solemn. After the song was finished, each row presented their offerings to the sacred table, with words such as "Fu Lu Shou Xi", "Good Luck and Good Luck", "Fruit Grains", "Good Weather" and other words on them.
After the sacrifice, three cannon salutes were fired, shaking the heaven and earth, making people dance, and the whole place was boiling. Under the command of the master, people change their dance movements neatly, sometimes with a single swing, sometimes with a double swing, and sometimes with pirouettes. The dance is graceful, the movements are lifelike, hard and soft, rough and vigorous. The content of the hand-waving dance shows various artistic pictures rich in national characteristics and life atmosphere, such as ethnic migration, hunting and conquest, farming, mulberry harvesting and weaving.
Small waving is a cultural custom that is prevalent in Tujia residential areas. In the past, every village with hundreds of households had a waving hall, and some also built pavilions, stages, etc. There are ruins of the Waving Hand Hall in Laifengshemi Lake, Dahe and other places. During the dance, men and women gather together on the earth dam in front of the waving hall, beat drums and sound gongs and wave their hands. It is characterized by placing the hands on both sides, bending the waist and knees, and using the twist of the body to move the hands. The content of the performance includes hunting actions such as "drag the pheasant tail", "jumping toad", "wings of wooden eagle", "rhinoceros looking at the moon", "cutting fire residue", "digging soil", "burning ashes to accumulate fertilizer", and "planting buds and grains" ", "culling grass", "planting rice", "cutting grain", "weaving" and other production and life actions.
The rhythm of Tujia hand-waving dance:
Start: Fire worship
1. Reunion hand (four times): Reunion hand---spread wings to the right-- -High-five twice
2. Wheel hand (twice): Two turns of the wheel---Reunion hand twice--Spread the wings twice---------- Passing the door: Spread the wings twice
3. Shake the grid (four times): shake four times---reunion hand four times---carry the purse (right-left-squatting)--------- --- Passing the door: spreading wings twice
4. Bowing to Guanyin (four times): bowing four beats---jumping and bowing---crouching and bowing---spreading wings twice (do not take back your hands)-- -Bounce once
5. Double pendulum (eight times): No movement for the first 12 beats---Three beats on the left---Three beats on the right---Three beats around---Pull both hands back and forth three times Beat
6. Wrap around the waist (three times): three beats on the top --- three beats on the bottom --- three beats on the waist --- three beats on the top. Among them, wrap twice and then move six beats at a time ----- crossing the door: spreading wings twice
7. Happy reunion hand (eight times): four beats of the reunion hand---four beats of the right hand-- -Eight beats of the bullfighter (right-left-right)---------Clap the door: clap eight times
8. Beat the waves (four times): 1, 2 clap the left hand--- 3, 4, 5 beat around "∞" --- 6 beat stop --- 7, 8 beat bullfighter
9. Sheba:
Tuanhuo---- End
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