Miao Nationality

Miao Nationality Ancient Calendar

In ancient times, the Miao Nationality’s culture and technology were very developed, as can be seen from the recently excavated Miao Nationality’s ancient calendar. The Miao ancient calendar has enriched the Chinese and world calendar systems. It shows that according to research by Professor Chen Jiujin, a famous Chinese astronomy expert, the Miao people have an ancient calendar system. So far, no one has been able to calculate and compile the Miao ancient calendar, and I would like to try. According to research, the ancient calendar system of the Miao people in China is a lunisolar calendar, with the solar calendar being the main one. The ancient calendar of the Miao people uses twelve zodiac signs to record the hour, day, month, and year. One year is 365.25 days, an ordinary year is 365 days, and a leap year is 366 days. Each year is divided into moving month, partial month, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September and October, among which 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 The 5th month has the long day of the month, with the 31st day of each month; the 7th month of the moving month, partial month, February, April, June, August and October has the short day of the month with the 30th day of each month. The "Winter Solstice" is the first of the year, the first of the year, the first of the festival, and the first of the Qi, which belongs to the "Zi Zheng Ren Tong" of the Chinese calendar. The first year of the year is divided into two festivals: "Winter Solstice" (Yang Dan) and "Summer Solstice" (Yin Dan). The day before the "Winter Solstice" is the Miao New Year. One year old is divided into three seasons: cold season, warm season, and hot season. It is divided into the first half of the year and the second half of the year. The cold season, warm season, and hot season each occupy two months in each half of the year. The cold season, warm season, and hot season in the one year old. Each quarter occupies 4 months. The first half of the year goes from "cold to hot", the second half of the year goes from "hot to cold", and the cycle repeats year after year. There is a leap at the age of 4, and the added value is 1 day. The leap is in the moving month, that is, at the beginning of the year, and the leap month is on the 31st. The last day of October in the Miao calendar is New Year's Eve (the day before the "Winter Solstice"). The first sub-day, Chou day and Yin day of the moving moon are respectively the Tian Sui Festival, the Earth Sui Festival and the Human Sui Festival. Therefore, there is a Miao custom of "not going out on the first day of the year". In addition to using the twelve zodiac animals to record time, days, months and years, the Miao calendar also uses 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and natural numbers to assist in recording time, days, months and years. Birthday wishes for the elderly: "Wishing you a 120th birthday." The origin of the twelve zodiac signs is related to the twelve clans in ancient China. The twelve zodiac signs are used to record hours, days, months and years. A year is divided into 12 months and a day is divided into 12 hours. Years, months, days and hours are fixed and unchanged. Days are recorded according to the twelve zodiac signs and used cyclically. In the system of construction, "Jian" is used as the first day of the day, and it is used in fixed cycles. The twenty-seven constellations are related to the nine hexagrams of the Miao people. The ancestors of the Miao nationality also used the corresponding directions of the houses they lived in and the twelve zodiac signs to assist in recording the time, day, month, and year. They divided a day into four periods: night, morning, day, and dusk. The twelve zodiac signs matched each other and were recorded as "big". At the entrance, in the main room, in the left room, in the back of the house, in the right room, on the roof, observe the sunrise and sunset. In the lunar calendar, there is one month from a full moon to the next full moon, and each month is divided into 27 nights. The lunar calendar has 358 days in ordinary years and 387 days in leap years. The moving moon and partial moon are the short days of the month; the months from January to October are the long days of the month. The long day of the month is 30, the short day is 29, and the leap month is 29. In the ancient Miao calendar, regardless of the solar or lunar calendar, leaps are set at Sui Rat, Sui Chen, and Sui Shen. There is a leap every four years, and the leap moves the month. The ancient calendar of the Miao people embodies the Miao people's generative philosophy of "one divided into three, trinity" and the three-dimensional thinking of "nine hexagrams" (i.e. front and back, left and right, up and down, inside and outside, middle or east, south, west, north, middle and southeast). , southwest, northwest, northeast). The ancestors of the Miao people worshiped the "sun, moon and stars" and regarded the three lights as the most pure. The ancestors of the Miao people believe that the three primary substances that make up all things in the universe are thunder, dragon, and kui (freely translated as water, fire, and air), which are recorded as "three specialties"; the "five elements" are light, air, water, earth, and stone. . Dayao (also known as Mr. Guigu) surrendered to the Yellow Emperor (who claimed to be the emperor). After Dayao's sister Leizu (Leizu) married the Yellow Emperor, Dayao changed the Nine Trigrams into the Eight Diagrams (called Fuxi System in Han Dynasty) to please the Yellow Emperor. Bagua, wrong), change one into three (yang, yin, neither yang nor yin) into one into two (yang, yin), change three-dimensional thinking into two-dimensional thinking. Combining the ten branches with the twelve zodiac animals creates the Heavenly Stems, Earthly Branches, and Sixty Years (this is recorded in the Han Dynasty). Change 27 places to 28 places. Change the five elements according to the plane orientation and the products they produce into gold, water, wood, fire, and earth (west, north, east, south, middle), and create them in conjunction with the phases of gold, water, wood, fire, Saturn, the sun, and the moon. Qiyao calendar. "Qiyao Calendar" is the earliest existing almanac in my country.

The Chinese Miao ancient calendar and the ancient Egyptian calendar both belong to the solar calendar, but it is more than 3,800 years earlier than the 6,200-year-old Egyptian calendar. Each year has 365 days, and there is a leap every four years; the difference is that in the ancient Egyptian calendar, the additional days in a leap year are 6 days. , the added value of leap year in the Miao ancient calendar is 1 day. The Miao ancient calendar is consistent with the length of the solar return year of 365.25 days, and the Tengu cycle is 1460 years old, which is highly accurate. The ancient calendar of the Miao people in China played a huge guiding role in the ancient Miao people's agricultural production (mainly rice production), and it was also used by the people to choose good luck. (For details, see Shi Qigui's "Field Investigation Report on the Miao Nationality in Western Hunan"). The time limit for the use of the ancient calendar of the Miao people in China can be traced back to at least 10,000 years, and the lower limit is the 33rd year of Guangxu (i.e. 1907 AD). According to the "Yongsui Zhili Chronicles": "It was passed down from father to son, using rats, oxen, tigers and horses to record the years and months, secretly combined with the almanac." (written by Yang Ruizhen in the Qing Dynasty, engraved in the seventh year of Tongzhi) written by Dong Hongxun in the Qing Dynasty, in the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu The printed version of "Gu Zhangping Hall Chronicles" also has the same record. According to the original memorials and "confessions" of arrested Miao leaders in the "Miao Bandits in the Sixty Years of Qianlong" collected in the Beijing Museum, as well as the history books or local chronicles compiled by those who participated in the suppression of the uprising: it was agreed upon that Fenghuang, Qianzhou, and Yongzhou The date of the Suiting and Songtao Siting uprising was the sixth day of February in the 60th year of Qianlong's reign (lunar calendar). According to Wu Tianban's explanation in the "Proposal", this day is the first day of the first lunar month of the Miao year (the Miao lunar year), so the day of the uprising is set as this day, which means removing the old and returning it to the new. Later, due to leaks, the uprising was carried out on the 18th day of the first lunar month (lunar calendar). This is a major historical event recorded in history books and related to the ancient history of the Miao people. The ancient calendar of the Miao people in China and the "Future Calendar Plan" announced by the United Nations (see details in the 1988 second issue of "Information Card" "Future Calendar", sponsored by Xinhua News Agency Inner Mongolia Branch) have similar approaches but similar results. The ancient Miao calendar has a single number of days per month compared with the current Gregorian calendar and lunar calendar, and the leap method is simple and easy to master and use.

The months of the Miao calendar correspond to the solar terms

See the table below: December and the 24 solar terms of the Miao calendar Month Zodiac signs Solar terms season November Rat, Winter Solstice, Little Cold Season December is the great cold of Niu Chou, the cold season of Beginning of Spring is the rain of Tiger Yin in January, the warm season of Jingzhe is in February the Spring Equinox of Rabbit, the warm season of Qingming is March, Longchen Guyu, the hot season of Beginning of Summer is in April, Snake Si Xiaoman, and the hot season of Ear Grain is in May, Mawu Summer Solstice , the mild summer heat season in June before the severe heat for sheep, the Beginning of Autumn hot season in July when monkeys experience summer heat, the white dew warm season in August, the Chicken and Autumn Equinox, the cold dew warm season in September, and the cold season of Beginning of Winter in October

Edit This section of ethnic festivals

Introduction

The Miao people are a nation rich in ancient civilization and pay attention to etiquette, and their festivals are unique and distinctive every year. The traditional festivals of the Miao people are divided into functional meanings: ⒈ festivals for agricultural activities; ⒉ festivals for material exchanges; ⒊ festivals for men and women to socialize, fall in love, and choose spouses; ⒋ sacrificial festivals; ⒌ commemorative and celebratory festivals. In chronological order, one year is divided into twelve months, and each month has more than one festival. The 1st to 15th day of the moving month (rat or child month) (the first child day to the second Yin day) is the Wan Nian Festival, of which the first child day is the Tiansui Festival, and the Miao people do not go out (far away); The first Chou Day is the Di Sui Festival. During the period from the first Chou Day to the second Chou Day (2-14), people visit relatives and friends one after another, congratulate each other on the New Year, sing duets between men and women, play with dragon lanterns, lions, etc.; The 2nd Yin day (the 15th) is the tail year (burning dragon lanterns). The first ugly day of the partial month (Ox month or Chou month) is the She Day, also known as the Dragon Head Festival. The Miao people offer sacrifices to the earth god, Jielong and Anlong (Miao language Ranrong). The first Yin day of January (Tiger month or Yin month) is a festival for material exchange and socializing between men and women (called March 3 Street Festival in Chinese). The first day of February (the Rabbit month or the Mao month) is the Ox King Festival (called April 8 in Chinese), the social cherry gathering between men and women, and the Buddha's birthday. The first Chen day and the second Yin day of March (Dragon or Chen month) are the Little Dragon Boat Festival and the Big Dragon Boat Festival respectively. The Little Dragon Boat Festival later commemorated the patriotic poet Qu Yuan (surnamed Mi), also known as Qu Yuan Festival. , Singer's Day. The first Si day of April (Snake month or Si month) is the Dragon Subduing Festival (known as June 6th and June Festival in Chinese) and the New Eating Festival (barley ripening). The first sub-day of May (horse month or noon month) is the Xiaonian Festival (called Seven Sisters in Miao language, namely the Big Dipper).

If the Miao girls in costumes gather together, it will definitely become a beautiful silver world. It is the nature of Miao girls to wear silver ornaments. They put their hair in a bun on the top of their heads and wear exquisite silver corollas about 20 centimeters high. There are 6 uneven silver wings in the front of the corolla, most of which are decorated with silver ornaments. Two dragons playing with beads, butterflies exploring flowers, red phoenix facing the sun, hundreds of birds facing the phoenix, and swimming fish playing in the water. Miao silver ornaments

Patterns. In some areas, in addition to silver pieces, silver horns about 1 meter high are also inserted into the silver crowns. The tips of the horns are decorated with colorful flowers, which makes them more noble and gorgeous. On the lower edge of the silver crown, a silver flower belt hangs, and a row of small silver flower pendants hangs down. There are several layers of silver necklaces worn around the neck, mostly made of silver flowers and small silver rings. He wears a silver lock and a silver collar on his chest, a silver cloak on his chest and back, and many small silver bells hanging down. Earrings and bracelets are all made of silver. Only two sleeves show embroidery with fiery red as the main tone, but the cuffs are also inlaid with a wider circle of silver ornaments. The costumes worn by Miao girls often weigh several kilograms, some of which have been accumulated and inherited by generations. They are known as "fairies in colorful clothes and silver costumes". The craftsmanship of the Miao silver jewelry is gorgeous, sophisticated and ingenious, fully demonstrating the wisdom and talent of the Miao people. In Maliang, which is less than 10 kilometers away from Qianhu Miao Village in Xijiang, Konbai and Wugao. It is a well-known hometown of silver jewelry for the Miao people, among which linen materials are the most specialized. 85% of its people are silversmiths. Legend has it that the Li family in its village was the royal silversmith of the "Nanshao Kingdom", a Miao country during the Tang Dynasty. After the Bureau

Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village

Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village is located at the foothills of Leigong Mountain in the northeast of Leishan County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. It is 36km away from the county seat and 36km away from the east and west of Guizhou Province. Jiangqianhu Miao Village

It is 35km away from Kaili, the capital of Nanzhou, and about 260km away from Guiyang, the provincial capital. It is composed of more than ten natural villages built on the mountain and connected together. It is currently the largest Miao village in China and even the world. According to statistics, during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty (1729), there were more than 600 households in the Qianhu Miao Village in Xijiang. The number of households was 1,040 in the second census in 1964, 1,227 in the fourth census in 1990, and 1,115 in 1997. According to the latest statistics in 2005, Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village currently has 1,258 households and a population of 5,326 people, of which 99.5 are Miao people. Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village is located in a typical river valley, with the crystal clear Baishui River passing through the village. The main body of the Miao Village is located on the valley slope on the northeast side of the river. For thousands of years, the industrious and brave Miao compatriots have worked here at sunrise and returned at sunset. They have opened up large areas of terraced fields in the upper reaches of the Miao village, forming a rich farming culture and beautiful pastoral scenery. Due to the limitation of cultivated land resources, the Miao residents living here took full advantage of the terrain characteristics and built unique stilted houses in the middle of the mountain. Thousands of stilted houses follow the ups and downs of the terrain, and the mountains are stacked on top of each other, making it a spectacular sight. According to their own beliefs and customs, the Miao residents here have planted patches of maple groves as protective trees on the slopes of each village, becoming one of the important local natural landscapes. The Xijiang Miao people are an important part of the Miao people in southeastern Guizhou, and the main residents are the "Xi" clan of the Miao people. As the largest Miao village in the world, Xijiang Qianhu Miao Village has profound Miao cultural heritage. The Miao architecture, clothing, silverware, language, food, and traditional customs here are not only typical, but also well preserved. The Miao people in Xijiang used to wear long robes and turbans with black colors, so they were called "black Miao" or "long skirt Miao". The language of the Xijiang Miao people belongs to the northern sub-dialect of the central dialect of the Miao branch of the Miao-Yao group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. The characters currently used here are common Chinese characters. Although Chinese language is an essential language tool for the Xijiang Miao people to communicate with the outside world, Communication among the Miao people still uses the Miao language. Before the establishment of the "Six Halls of Xinjiang" by Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, Xijiang was basically in a foreign land, and local affairs were mostly managed by natural leaders. This was significantly different from Han areas, which implemented independent management of internal affairs. The natural leaders of the Xijiang Miao people mainly include "Fang Lao", "Zhai Lao", "Tribe Lao", "Li Lao", "Haotou", "Gu Zangtou", "Huo Lutou", etc. The responsibilities of natural leaders of different natures They are also different from each other. They have the nature of division of labor and cooperation to jointly safeguard the safety and interests of the Miao village.

"Fang Lao" is the supreme leader of a natural place. Each natural place has jurisdiction over several villages that are closely related to each other. "Zhai Lao" is the supreme leader of each Miao village, and "Clan Lao" is the leader of a certain family. After the Qing government implemented the "return of land to locals" in Miao territory, Xijiang Miao Village accepted the jurisdiction of the central government. Natural leaders such as Fang Lao and Zhai Lao basically no longer exist, but the Guzangtou and Huolutou responsible for sacrifices and production are still there. can be retained hereditary.

Pojiao Village

Pojiao Village is located in Bago Town in the east of Duyun City, 36 kilometers away from the urban area. There are more than 1,000 people in more than 300 households in the village, all of whom are Miao. Pojiao Village is named after it is located at the foot of Pojiao Village

Pojiao Village. All residential buildings in the village adopt the "flat-rail" architecture - Diaojiaolou style. The houses are arranged from bottom to top along the hillside terrain, layer by layer. Overlapping, row upon row, well-proportioned. When entering Pojiao Village, you must first pass through a "mountain gate". After passing the mountain gate and looking into the distance, I suddenly felt that my eyes were not enough. It turned out to be the "paradise" described by the author! Surrounded by mountains and covered with thousands of trees, the mountains behind the village are green and full of vitality. The breeze blows, and the bamboo sea at the foot of the mountain dances with the wind. The Miao girls welcome guests from afar with mellow rice wine at the foot of the slope and welcome guests from afar with such a unique etiquette. Pojiao Village still retains the simple and rich Miao customs. The hospitable Miao people welcome guests with 18-gun iron cannons, toast the guests with home-brewed rice wine, and present welcome eggs and flower ribbons. Before the guests enter the village, there are three "barrel wines" to welcome the guests; after entering the village, You can enjoy folk songs and dances such as Lusheng Dance, Bronze Drum Dance, Couple's Duel Song, etc., interspersed with the interesting face-painting game. You can taste the original Miao farm food, and buy exquisitely crafted and unique Miao handicrafts such as "heart belts", suspenders, aprons, insoles, rivets, and silver jewelry. The Miao men blew tubas, horns, and horns, played cheerful reed pipes, beat uplifting bronze drums, and fired a 12-gun salute at the same time to welcome guests to the village. After you sit down, the Miao family will present traditional ethnic cultural activities. There are cheerful Miao dances, Lusheng and bronze drum performances, etc.: Visitors can participate in the interesting glutinous rice cake making activity, dipping soybean noodles and tasting hot and fragrant glutinous glutinous rice cakes; during the activity, Miao young men will also perform folk stunts such as climbing up Daoshan and climbing Daoshan. There are thrilling skills such as diving into the sea of ??fire, spitting fire from the mouth, and piercing the throat with a steel needle. Afterwards, the Miao family will give each tourist an Easter egg representing happiness and beauty, and play a painted face game with the tourists. Outside the event venue, hard-working and intelligent Miao girls will also demonstrate Miao embroidery, spinning and weaving on site. Since Pojiao Village in Bago Town, Duyun City was designated as the Qiannan Prefecture Ethnic Tourism Village in 1995, it has received many admiring Chinese and foreign visitors and many news media such as the CCTV program groups and Hong Kong Phoenix TV. Widely disseminated at home and abroad.

Nanhua Miao Village

Nanhua Miao Village is located in Sankeshu Town, Kaili City, Guizhou, on the banks of the beautiful Bala River. The village is built against the mountain, with floors on stilts stacked one on top of another, hidden among the lush green trees. It is famous for its beautiful natural scenery and rich ethnic customs. Nanhua Miao Village

Nanhua is called NANGLHFIB in Miao language, which means below the Ouhua River. The Miao language calls Wushao River Ouhua, and Nanhua is named Nanhua because it is located in the lower reaches of Wushao River, that is, the mountains on the right bank of the lower reaches of Ouhua River. Nanhua, a Miao village on the bank of the Bala River 18 kilometers away from Kaili City, is called Ba One of the eight villages in Lahe Rural Tourism. The village is surrounded by mountains to the east, across the river from Laoyazhai to the west, 1.3 kilometers from Zhanyuan to the south, and the Bala River to the north. The village has towering ancient trees and wooden houses with tiled roofs. The settlements are divided into two points, upper and lower, in a dot-like shape. In front of the village, there is a Lu (Mountain) and Rong (River) highway passing along the right bank of the river across the river. In the past, people could enter the village by rowing across the river. In recent years, the Nanhua Bridge has been built across the river. It has actually become a brand-new Miao flower bridge. It crosses the river from the north to the south in front of the village and brings the "gold and silver" coming from the Bala River. The "treasures" and the "gold and silver treasures" transported along the Lurong Highway were all "loaded" into the Miao Village, reappearing the traditional folk custom of "getting richer from wealth to wealth" in the Miao Village. It adds a beautiful scenery to the scenery of the Miao village, adds a new page to the traditional culture of the Miao people, and provides convenience for tourists to visit Nanhua.

Big Dustpan Miao Village

Big Dustpan Miao Village is located in Nangao Township, Danzhai County, Guizhou Province. It is named after its shape like half a dustpan.

There are ninety-two Dustpan Miao Village families living in the village, and they have been living in this Dustpan Village for generations. The spinning wheels are spinning, the years are passing, and ancient folk songs have been sung here for hundreds of years. No matter how modern civilization embellishes this ancient village, a peaceful pastoral life of men farming and women weaving is still going on here. Diaojiaolou is a masterpiece of the Miao people. In Dachui Village, a series of pole-railed stilted buildings are built against the mountain. The first floor is used to house livestock, the second floor is used for daily living, and the third floor is used to store grain. Some places are built on stone foundations made of cobblestones, and the paths paved with bluestones in the village also undulate due to the ups and downs of the mountains. Normally, the village seems very peaceful. Only during festivals or when guests arrive, the whole village will boil with the knocking of the small bench. The bench dance used to be performed when a child was born. After the baby was born, the husband's family would carry millet and wine to the son-in-law's house to dance the bench dance, usually during the full moon wine period. At this time, the husband's family goes door to door to invite people in the village to eat and drink. When they are happy with the wine, they will dance on the bench.

Geduo Miao Village

Geduo Village is built on the mountain with its back to the mountain and water on its side. There is a Qingqing River flowing through the foot of the village, and the beautiful Qingshui River is downstream. Geduo Village is divided into Dazhai and Xiaozhai. The big and small villages are now separated by just a few fields. There are now more than 230 households in the village, with a total population of 1,200. Geduo Miao Village

Geduo Village has been following the ancient national tradition for hundreds of years. The villagers work at sunrise and rest at sunset. Here, there lives a hard-working nation, a nation that loves life, and a stubborn and unyielding nation. Along with the footsteps of the times, many Miao kings emerged in Geduo Miao Village in different eras, and they were quite famous in southern Guizhou. The ancestors of Geduo Village were originally from Zhujiaxiang, Jiangxi Province. They later migrated to Guizhou and first lived along the Qingshui River and Dujiang River. After that, some Miao people came up the river and settled in Wangsigeduo Village. In the early Hongwu years of the Ming Dynasty, Miao villages began to be established. Although they have gone through vicissitudes since then, the villagers' houses are still unique wooden structures on stilts. Today, the daily communication language in the village is still Miao. The village has a single surname - Lu, which is very unique compared to other Miao villages. Most of the residential buildings are stilted buildings, which are built from the foot of the mountain to the mountainside, row upon row, with typical Miao village style. There are two "protection trees" on the top of the village that only six adults can embrace. They are lush and extraordinary. When you come to Geduo Miao Village, the indispensable thing is "wine". Being drunk in the Miao family is a sign of sincerity. The master will also be envied by the people in the village because of your drunkenness. If they welcome distinguished guests from afar, the Miao compatriots in Geduo Village will often put up a barrage of wine in front of the village gate and let the Miao girls in costumes toast the guests. It is true that everyone will get drunk if they are not drunk. This is The most solemn etiquette is also the highest standard of reception in the Miao family. Where there is wine, there must be singing, and where there is singing, there must be festival. There are many festivals for the Miao people in Geduozhai, the most famous of which is "June 6th", as well as the New Eating Festival and "July 15th". June 6th is the most solemn festival of the year in Geduo Village. Geduo Village also has one of the most unique Miao activities: "Sacrifice to the God of Heaven". Geduo Village's "sacrifice to the gods" has three characteristics: First, the procedural characteristics: invite a priest one month in advance, Guandian fish, roast wine and seal the altar; prepare various sacrifices, food and longevity bamboo in advance; the sacrificial vessels are indoors and outdoors Place; the sacrifice begins, and the sacrifice is carried out according to the procedures. After the ceremony is over, the host should not borrow money, rice, or objects for three days. The borrowed utensils will be returned after three days. The second is the characteristic of inheritance: priests are passed down from generation to generation. The program has been passed down from generation to generation; all the incantations (sacrificial words) were written by ancestors and are still in use today. The third is the unique characteristic: there are no activities to worship gods in other places where the Miao people live together in Guizhou, but only among the Miao people in Wangsigeduo Miao Village in Duyun. The Gedo Miao "sacrifice to gods" has strict procedures, complete processes, standardized behaviors, solemn atmosphere, mysterious colors, and rich content. It has important research and appreciation values ??in ethnology, folklore, primitive religion, etc. The songs and dances of the Gedo Miao people are the record and reproduction of the history of the Miao people. Geduo Village in Qiannan has been known as the "hometown of singing and dancing" since ancient times. Every time a large-scale event is held in Duyun City, the state capital, there are songs and dances from the Geduo Miao Village to add to the fun.

Edit this section of Miao music

Miao music has a simple style and rich content.

There are mainly songs such as flying songs, drinking songs, You Fang songs (also called Malang songs), Lisu songs, sacrificial songs, children's songs and the Miao musical instrument - Lusheng

. The singing is high-pitched, loud and passionate. Its music can be either resolute, straightforward, rough and bold (represented by Fei Ge), or tender, euphemistic, delicate and deep (represented by You Fang Ge). Vocal music includes drinking songs, love songs, Gabaifu songs, etc. Musical instruments include wooden drums, bronze drums, reeds, etc. Drinking songs in Miao language HXat Jiud, including big songs, opening songs, ancestor worship songs, etc. Drinking songs in the Bara River Basin are often recited in a recital style, usually repeating one phrase. For example, |1·1|5·6|3 1 1-|3 6 5 3|1 6 5|5 -|In order to express feelings, sometimes there are two or more musical phrases. The drinking songs in Kaitang, Diwu and Wengxiang are solemn, deep and solemn. Such as |2 6 6-|2 - -|2 2 6 3|3 6 6 3|3 2 2 -|3 6 0 0| (open the song). The Wanshui, Wanchao and Lushan areas to the north of the Qingshui River are mostly recitation styles, and their big songs are rich, rough and unrestrained. Love Song HXak Yex Fangb (You Fang Song) in Miao language, there are four kinds of tunes in four areas: Guding, Kaitang, Wanshui and Zhouxi. The love song of Gua Ding belongs to the four-note low-pitched form, with a drawl at the end note, ups and downs in intensity, a melodious low return, and a blend of lyricism. Love songs in Kaitang, Wanshui and Zhouxi areas are generally in the fine-tuned style. Most are solos and duets, and a few are duets. Feige, HXak Yangl in Miao language, is a kind of love song that young men and women sing to show their sincerity to each other and invite tourists when they are separated by mountains and rivers. Fei Ge is sometimes used when welcoming and seeing off guests and having a feast. There are three types of flying songs: Guaiding, Kaitang and Wanshui. Guading Feige is popular in the Bala River Basin area. It is a four-tone fine-tuned folk song with a vigorous, hearty, enthusiastic and unrestrained character. Wanshui Feige is popular in Wanshui, Wanchao and Lushan areas north of Qingshui River. It belongs to the Miao ethnic musical instrument - Mangtong

1256 four-note palace-mode folk song. The melody jumps continuously in fourths and fifths, and the 2652 5 2 tone pattern runs through the whole song. The ending tone of the music is 1, which affirms the bright character of its palace mode. The melody of Gabaifu Song has small ups and downs, with a recital style. One phrase is repeated infinitely, and there are also two or more phrases. The wooden drum is the ancestral drum of the Miao people and is not used in ancestor worship activities. The Li family in Qinglang Village continues to hold ancestor worship activities once a year, and there are still one pair left. The rest of the area has disappeared due to the loss of large-scale ancestor worship activities. The wooden drum is about 150 cm long and 30 cm in diameter. It is made by cutting a log into a hollow cylinder and stretching cowhide on both sides. When used, it is placed on a wooden stand, struck with drum sticks, and danced to the sound. After the activity is completed, it is placed in a cave or drum room. Feige of the Miao ethnic group is one of the most representative typical Miao songs. It is called HXak Yangt in Miao language, also known as roar song, shout song and folk song. It is an invitation for young men and women to express their sincerity to each other when they are separated by mountains and rivers. A kind of love song that expresses one's feelings while traveling. Fei Ge is sometimes used when greeting guests or having a banquet. There are three types of flying songs: Guaiding, Kaitang and Wanshui. The music ends low. The Miao love song, called HXak Yex Fangb in the Miao language, has a low four-tone scale, a drawl at the end, ups and downs in intensity, a melodious low back, and a blend of lyricism. Most of them are solos and duets, and a few are duets. Miao folk dances include Lusheng dance, copper drum dance, wood drum dance, Xiangxi drum dance, bench dance and ancient gourd dance, etc. Especially Lusheng dance is the most popular. Danzhai, Taijiang, Huangping, Leishan, Kaili, Dafang, Shuicheng in Guizhou, as well as Rongshui in Guangxi and other places hold traditional festivals on the 15th day of the first lunar month, the third day of the third lunar month and the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, as well as during the New Year, ancestor worship, and creation. House, harvest, wedding, marriage