Xin Qiji (1140-1207), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The courtesy name is You'an and the nickname is Jiaxuan. He was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). When he was born, Shandong was already occupied by the Jin soldiers. At the age of 21, he joined the anti-Jin rebel army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He successively served as the pacifier of Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and eastern Zhejiang. During his tenure, he took active measures to recruit exiles, train the army, reward farming and fighting, crack down on corruption and powerful people, and pay attention to stabilizing people's livelihood. He firmly advocated resisting gold throughout his life. In memorials such as "Ten Essays on Meiqin" and "Nine Discussions", he made a detailed analysis of the political and military situation at that time, and made a strong refutation of the fallacy of exaggerating the strength of the Jin army and advocating compromise and surrender; he called for strengthening combat preparations and encouraging morale. to restore the Central Plains. None of his anti-gold suggestions were adopted, and he was attacked by the peace faction. He was laid off from his job for a long time and lived idle in Shangrao and Qianshan, Jiangxi. It was used for a time in his later years, but he died soon after. His poems express the patriotic enthusiasm of trying to restore the country's unity, express the grief and indignation of unrealized ambitions, expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper-class ruling group of the Southern Song Dynasty; there are also many works that praise the country's mountains and rivers. There are various artistic styles, but the main ones are bold and unrestrained. Enthusiastic, generous and tragic, with strong writing power, he is called "Su Xin" together with Su Shi. "Po Zhenzi: Compose a heroic poem for Chen Tongfu", "Yongyu Le: Nostalgia for the past in Beigu Pavilion, Jingkou", "Shuilongyin: Dengjiankang Shangxin Pavilion", "Bodhisattva Man: Book on the Ostomy Wall of Jiangxi", etc. famous. But some works also reveal the negative emotions caused by unfulfilled ambitions. There is "Jia Xuan Long Short Sentences". Today, there is a collection of "Xin Jiaxuan's Poems and Essays".

Xin Qiji’s life events

(Compiled by Xu Hanming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology)

One year old in 1140 (the tenth year of Zhao Gou, Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty)

Xin Qiji was born in Sifengzha, Licheng, Shandong Province on May 11th (May 28th in the Gregorian calendar).

[Father Xin Wenyu passed away at an early age and was raised by his grandfather Xin Zan. His grandfather served as the magistrate of the Jin Kingdom in Qiao County, Bozhou (today's Bo County, Anhui Province). When Xin Qiji reached school age, he also followed him to Qiao County. There was a man named Liu Zhan in Bozhou who was good at composing pastoral poems and had a local reputation. Xin Qiji worshiped him as his teacher and was a classmate of Dang Huaiying. ]

At the age of fifteen in 1154 (the 24th year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty)

He was recommended by Jinan Prefecture to take the Jinshi examination in Yanjing. Although he failed in the examination, he was awarded An opportunity to observe the enemy's situation.

Eighteen years old in 1157 (the 27th year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty)

Participated in the Jinshi examination for the second time and took the opportunity to learn more about the enemy's situation.

In 1160 (the 30th year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty), he was twenty-one years old.

My grandfather Xin Zan died this year.

In 1161 (the 31st year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty), he was twenty-two years old

Organized a team of more than 2,000 people to stage an uprising in the mountainous area of ??southern Jinan, and later surrendered Geng Jing rebelled and was appointed as secretary-general.

At the age of twenty-three in 1162 (the 32nd year of Shaoxing in the Song Dynasty)

In the first month of the first month, Geng Jing sent Jia Rui, Xin Qiji and others to return south with instructions, arriving on the 18th Jiankang (today's Nanjing City), was summoned by Emperor Zhao Gou that day and awarded Xin Qiji You Chengwulang.

After being summoned, he returned to the uprising camp. On the way, he learned that the traitor Zhang Anguo and others had killed the Jin people who surrendered to Geng Jing. The court punishes crimes.

After returning to the south, he served as a judge in Jiangyin and assisted local officials in handling government affairs.

In 1164 (the second year of Longxing Emperor Xiaozong of the Song Dynasty), he was twenty-five years old.

Jiangyin signed the contract and resigned after completing his term.

In 1165 (the first year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Song Dynasty), he was twenty-six years old.

He submitted "Ten Treatises on Meiqin" to Zhao Shen, Emperor Xiaozong.

Served as general judge of Guangde Army.

In 1166 (the second year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in Song Dynasty), at the age of twenty-seven, he served as general judge of Guangde Army.

In 1167 (the third year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Song Dynasty), at the age of 28, he served as the general judge of Guangde Army.

In 1168 (the fourth year of Emperor Xiaozong's reign in the Song Dynasty), he was twenty-nine years old.

He was appointed as the general magistrate of Jiankang Prefecture.

He interacted with Shi Zhengzhi, the stayer at the Jiankang Palace, Ye Heng, the military chief of money and food, and Zhao Yanduan, Han Yuanji, Yan Huan and others. He participated in banquets for the traveling servants, sang in reciprocity, and began to write lyrics, and determined the length and length of sentences in the future. writing direction.

In 1170 (the sixth year of Qiandao in the Song Dynasty), he was thirty-one years old

Invited by Emperor Xiaozong in Yanhe Hall, he played "The danger of blocking the river requires borrowing from the two Huaihe Rivers" " and "Discussing the Training of Militia to Guard Huaihe River".

After the call, he was transferred to the chief registrar of Sinong Temple.

Write the recovery plan into "Nine Discussions" and give it to Prime Minister Yu Yunwen.

He interacted with Zhang Mushi and Lu Zuqian who were serving in the court, and stayed with them.

In the spring of 1172 (the eighth year of Qiandao in the Song Dynasty), at the age of thirty-three, he was transferred to the magistrate of Chuzhou (now Chuxian County, Anhui Province) by the chief administrator of Sinong Temple. Because Chuzhou suffered from successive famines, the population was desolate, the city was in depression, and residents fled the famine. After taking office, he imposed generous levies and low taxes and restored the market, which quickly changed the desolate appearance.

Named a building in Chuzhou New Market Fanxiong Pavilion. A dianzhen building was also built as a place for local residents to come and have fun.

There was a proposal to go to the court to discuss the situation between the enemy and ourselves, but there was no response from the court.

In the spring of 1174 (the first year of Chunxi of the Song Dynasty), at the age of thirty-five, he left Chuzhou and served as a counselor for several months in Jiankang, where Ye Hengmu stayed behind.

In autumn, he climbed to the Kangxin Pavilion and wrote the famous poem "Shuilongyin" (Chutian Qianli Qingqiu).

At the turn of autumn and winter, Ye Heng entered the court as prime minister. Xin Qiji was summoned by the emperor on Ye Heng's recommendation. After the summons, he stayed in Lin'an (today's Hangzhou) as a Cangbu Langguan.

In 1175 (the second year of Song Chunxi), he was thirty-five years old

In June, he was appointed to the Jiangxi Tidian Prison to control the armies and arrest the tea rebels who started the uprising in April. Shang Lai Wenzheng. In July, he left Lin'an and took over in Jiangxi. After Xin Qiji's planning and deployment, Lai Wenzheng surrendered to Xin Qiji in person and was taken to Jiangzhou to be executed. Because of his meritorious service in destroying the tea merchant army, he was appointed as a secretary in the Secret Pavilion.

At the age of thirty-seven in 1176 (the third year of Song Chunxi)

In autumn and winter, he was appointed as the transfer judge of Jingxi Road and took office in Xiangyang.

In the spring of 1177 (the fourth year of Chunxi in the Song Dynasty), at the age of thirty-eight, he learned about Jiangling Mansion and served as the pacification envoy to Hubei. In the winter, the commander of the Jiangling garrison, Shui Fengyuan, allowed his troops to beat the local people. He was adopted, but on the grounds that the commander-in-chief and the garrison could not coordinate, he was transferred to the post of magistrate of Longxing Mansion (now Nanchang, Jiangxi Province) and Jiangxi pacification envoy.

In 1178 (the fifth year of Song Chunxi), he was thirty-nine years old.

In the late spring of this year, he was called to Hangzhou to be the Shaoqing of Dali. After being introduced by Lu Zuqian, he met Chen Liang and became good friends.

In the second half of the year, he was transferred to Hubei Deputy Transport Envoy.

At the age of forty in 1179 (the sixth year of Song Chunxi's reign)

In March, he was changed to Hunan Deputy Envoy. When he was transferred from Hubei to Hunan, his fellow officer Wang Zhengzhi set up a small wine pavilion for a farewell trip, and Xin Qiji wrote "Moyu'er" (which can help with the storm).

Presented "Zha Zi on Thieves" to the imperial court.

In autumn, he was transferred to the post of magistrate of Tanzhou and pacifier of Hunan.

In 1180 (the seventh year of Song Chunxi), he was forty-one years old.

Reorganized the rural communities, the armed organizations of local tyrants and evil gentry in Hunan who oppressed the villagers.

Created the Hunan Flying Tiger Army.

In the winter, the secret pavilion editor was changed to the Youwendian editor, and he was once again appointed as the magistrate of Longxing Prefecture and the pacifier of Jiangxi. Longxing Mansion was hit by a severe drought. After taking office, he immediately took measures to carry out famine relief work.

In 1181 (the eighth year of Song Chunxi), he was forty-two years old.

In July, he received an award for his meritorious service in famine relief work and was promoted to Fengyi Lang.

In early spring, a new house with a lake was built in Shangrao, Xinzhou, Jiangxi. Houses were built in the higher areas and rice fields were built in the lower areas. It is advocated that "in life, one should put the field first", so the new residence was named "Jiaxuan" and nicknamed it.

In November, due to the impeachment of the admonishment officer Wang Lin, all official positions were removed.

In winter, Daihu’s new residence was completed. After he was dismissed from office, he returned to his new residence in Daihu, Shangrao.

In 1182 (the ninth year of Chunxi of the Song Dynasty), he was forty-three years old.

Living idle at home in Shangrao.

In the spring of 1183 (the tenth year of Chunxi of the Song Dynasty), at the age of forty-four,

in the spring of 1183, my friend Chen Liang wrote a letter saying that he would visit in the autumn, but he did not come because Chen Liang was falsely accused and imprisoned. become.

In 1185 (the twelfth year of Song Chunxi), he was forty-six years old.

He often had contacts with Zheng Ruxie, the governor of Xinzhou, and he sang many songs for him.

At the age of forty-nine in 1188 (the fifteenth year of Chunxi of the Song Dynasty)

In the first month of the first month, the first collection of Ci poems "Jiaxuan Ci Jijia" was compiled and published by Fan Kai, a disciple of the Song Dynasty. .

A villa was built in Qisidu, Qianshan County, bordering Shangrao, and named Laoquan after a nearby spring. Near Laoquan is a famous mountain that stretches for more than a hundred miles. The main peak is called Ehu, and there is a temple at the foot of the mountain called Ehu Temple. Famous scholars of the Southern Song Dynasty such as Zhu Xi, Lu Zuqian, Lu Jiuling and Lu Jiuyuan once debated philosophical issues in this temple, making it a famous resort in academic history. Xin Qiji often went to Ehu Temple with his friends for recreation.

In winter, my friend Chen Liang came to visit. Xin Qiji traveled with him to Ehu Lake, and met each other in Laoquan. They exchanged long songs and discussed worldly affairs. The two talked for ten days, which became the famous Ehu Meeting in the Southern Song Dynasty poetry circle. There is a word "Congratulations to the Bridegroom" to describe the joy of talking with Chen Liang and the feeling of farewell after Chen Liang left. From then on, they exchanged letters and sang with each other, and their friendship became deeper and deeper until Chen Liang's death.

In 1192 (the third year of Song Shaoxi's reign), he was fifty-three years old.

He was appointed to take charge of the official affairs of the Fujian Road Prison and took office in the early spring.

In September, the Fujian Road pacifier Lin Yang [Mu Qianganji] died, and Xin Qiji served as the Fujian Road pacifier until the end of the year.

At that time, he had many contacts with Zhu Xi, who was living in Jianyang, and often asked him for his opinions on handling Fujian government affairs.

Appealed to the imperial court and recommended the implementation of the Jingjie (inventory of land ownership and equalization of tax burdens) and changes in the salt law.

At the end of the year, he learned that the emperor was going to summon him.

In 1193 (the fourth year of Song Shaoxi), he was fifty-four years old.

As the emperor wanted to summon him, he set off from Fuzhou at the beginning of the first year and met Zhu Xi via Jianyang. When they arrived in Hangzhou, Chen Liang also came specially to meet him.

Being summoned by the emperor, he wrote "Recognizing the Upper Jingxiang River as an Important Land in the Southeast" and provided some opinions on the military defense of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, but it was not taken seriously. After the memorial was completed, he stayed in the court and served as the chief minister for half a year.

In the autumn, he was nominated as the editor of Jiying Palace, and was sent as the governor of Fuzhou and the pacifier of Fujian Road. He returned to Fuzhou.

In 1194 (the fifth year of Song Shaoxi), at the age of fifty-five,

My friend Chen Liang passed away.

In July, due to the impeachment of the admonisher Huang Ai, he was dismissed from office and was only given a nominal idle job, in charge of Chongyou Temple in Wuyishan, Jianning Prefecture.

In August, he returned to Shangrao, Jiangxi Province, to continue his retirement life.

In September, due to the impeachment of Xie Shenfu, the censor Zhongcheng, the title was downgraded from the editor of Jiyingdian to the editor of Mige.

In 1195 (the first year of Zhao Kuoqingyuan, Ningzong of the Song Dynasty), he was fifty-six years old.

Living idle at home in Shangrao.

In the spring, Qisi’s new residence in Qianshan was completed.

In October, because the new censor Zhongcheng He Dan once again proposed impeachment, the title of Secret Pavilion Editor was deprived of his title.

In 1196 (the second year of Song Qingyuan), he was fifty-seven years old.

The Daihu residence caught fire, and the family moved to a new residence in Qisilaoquan, Qishan, Qianshan.

In September, another court official proposed impeachment, and his name in charge of Chongyou Temple in Wuyishan, Jianning Prefecture was also stripped of his title. At this point, all the various titles in his life have been stripped away.

(Xin Qiji spent most of his leisure life before and after this, spending most of his time wandering around, drinking and composing poems with people from the same class of scholar-bureaucrats. On the surface, Xin Qiji seemed indifferent, calm and dissolute. Lin Quan didn't care about worldly affairs, but in fact he had a burning fire in his heart, and he never forgot to recover the lost land. He used lyrics as a tool to express his patriotism and concern for the people.

In 1198 (the fourth year of Song Qingyuan). ) Fifty-nine years old

Restored the compilation of Jiying Palace, and was also in charge of Chongyou Temple in Wuyishan, Jianning Prefecture.

At the age of sixty-one in 1200 (the sixth year of Qingyuan of the Song Dynasty)

In March, his friend Zhu Xi died in Wuyi Mountain, and Xin Qiji cried for him in writing.

At the age of sixty-four in 1203 (the third year of Jiatai in the Song Dynasty)

In June, he was appointed as the prefect of Shaoxing and the pacifier of eastern Zhejiang.

At that time, he was in contact with the patriotic poet Lu You who lived idle in Sanshan, Shaoxing. Xinqiji Valley built a new house for Lu You, but Lu You did not accept it and the new house was not completed.

At the end of the year, Song Ningzong summoned him and went to Sanshan to say goodbye to Lu You before leaving. Lu You wrote a long poem to see him off.

Sixty-five years old in 1204 (the fourth year of Song Jiatai)

In the first month of the first month, Ningzong Zhao Kuo summoned Xin Qiji to state his opinions on dealing with the Jin people and advocated the Northern Expedition. He took the time to make adequate preparations and proposed that the task of using troops should be handed over to the senior ministers.

In March, he was appointed as the prefect of Zhenjiang. After arriving in Zhenjiang, he actively prepared for the use of troops against Jin. He prefabricated 10,000 sets of military uniforms and planned to recruit 10,000 soldiers.

At the age of sixty-six in 1205 (the first year of Emperor Ningzong's reign in the Song Dynasty)

In June, he was transferred to the prefect of Longxing. Before he could take office, he was impeached by the admonishment officer, and a new order was issued. withdraw.

In autumn, I returned to Qianshan full of sorrow and anger.

In the spring of 1206 (the second year of the Kaixi reign of the Song Dynasty), he was sixty-seven years old.

In the spring of 1206, he was appointed as the pacifier of eastern Zhejiang.

In May, the imperial court officially issued an order to attack the Jin Dynasty. All armies were defeated under the command of Han Yuzhou. The reason for the failure was not beyond Xin Qiji's foresight. He acted recklessly and was not well prepared.

In December, he entered Longtuge to wait for the rule and was sent to Jiangling Prefecture, but he did not take office. The Southern Song Dynasty sued for peace with the Jin Dynasty, and the imperial court summoned Xin Qiji to Hangzhou to express his opinions on the current situation. He was proposed to be appointed Minister of War, but he repeatedly refused to come out.

In 1207 (the third year of Kaixi of the Song Dynasty), he was sixty-eight years old.

After the call, in the spring, he returned to Qianshan from Hangzhou. In August, he became seriously ill and recuperated at his home in Qianshan.

In autumn, the Jin people asked for Han Zhouzhou's head as a condition for peace. Han Zhouzhou was furious and once again used troops against the Jin Dynasty. He also wanted to ask Xin Qiji to come out to support him. Come to Lin'an as soon as possible to take up the post. When the imperial edict arrived at Qianshan, Xin Qi became seriously ill and bedridden, so he had to submit a petition to resign.

On September 10th, national hero and patriotic poet Xin Qiji passed away with sorrow and anger and unrealized aspirations. After his death, he was buried in Yangyuan Mountain, fifteen miles south of Qianshan County.