Wei Zhuangjiang

This is probably the earliest female poet recorded in literature. She was the younger sister of a minister in the East Palace of the State of Qi. She married Duke Zhuang of Wei, hence her name "Zhuang Jiang". The famous article "Shuo Ren" in "The Book of Songs, Guofeng, Wei Feng" describes how she first married to the State of Wei. of the situation. It is said that she is "the son of the Marquis of Qi, the wife of the Marquis of Wei, the sister of the East Palace, the aunt of the Marquis of Xing, and the private minister of Tan Gong"; and her appearance is described in line drawing - "hands like catkins, skin like gelatin, collar Like a caterpillar, with teeth like a gourd rhinoceros, a beetle-shaped head, a moth-like eyebrow, a charming smile, and beautiful eyes." These words to describe beauty later became widely circulated, and even formed the "Praise to Beauty" in storytelling, a modern martial arts novel. It is also often used in Chinese. At least Huang Yi repeatedly called the hand "Cat" in "Xun Qin Ji".

This beautiful aristocratic woman had a very unfortunate life. Because Zhuang Jiang was "beautiful but childless", Duke Zhuang of Wei married Li Gui, the daughter of the state of Chen, and gave birth to a filial uncle. Unfortunately, he died early; he married Dai Gui, Li Si's sister, and had a son; he also had a son with his "sweetheart" Zhouxu. Zhuang Jiang regarded Li Gui and Dai Gui as sisters, and regarded Prince Wan as his own. Later, Prince Wan's mother Dai Gui died, and Wan was made the crown prince, and later became Duke Huan of Wei. However, Duke Zhuang of Wei was more fond of Zhouxu, who was born to his "sweetheart". "Zuo Zhuan" records that Zhouxu "has favor and is good at military affairs. The Duke does not prohibit it, but Zhuang Jiang hates it." Although Shi Que advised and remonstrated, Zhuang But the prince did not listen. Later, after Duke Zhuang died, Zhouxu killed his brother and became independent, and was eventually killed by the guards.

After Zhouxu killed Duke Huan and became independent, he sent Li Gui, the sister of Duke Huan's mother, back to Chen State. Zhuang Jiang, who was a close sister to Li Si, saw her off and wrote the famous poem "Yan" that will be famous throughout the ages. Swallow".

The Book of Songs·Guo Feng·Bei Feng·Yan Yan

The swallow is flying, and its feathers are missing. [1]

The son returned home and was sent far away into the wild.

Looking far beyond my reach, I burst into tears like rain.

The swallows are flying, and they are flying. [2]

When his son returns home, he is far away from his general.

Looking beyond reach, I stood there and cried.

The swallow is flying, and its sound is rising from below.

The son returned home and was sent far south.

Looking beyond my reach, it really works my heart.

Zhong’s heart is blocked if he is left alone. [3]

At the end of the day, he is gentle and kind, and he is careful about himself.

The thoughts of the first emperor are used to win over others. [4]

2 Ban Jieyu

(approximately 48 BC - 6 BC), the aunt of the great historian Ban Gu of the Han Dynasty, her name is unknown, Jieyu is A title for concubines created during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, with a status equivalent to that of Shangqing. It was used from the Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Ming Dynasty. She was born in Loufan (today's east of Shuozhou) in the Western Han Dynasty. She showed talent and learning when she was young, and was good at poetry and poetry. In the early years of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty, she was selected into the harem of Emperor Cheng because of her talent and good looks. She was initially a young envoy and was soon named Jieyu. She is a woman deeply influenced by Confucianism. She does not compete for status, does not interfere in politics, and strictly abides by etiquette. According to relevant historical records, Emperor Cheng wanted to take her on a trip with him in his car. She believed that the emperor should be surrounded by famous ministers, not female favorites, so she declined politely. Later, Zhao Feiyan entered the palace and gained favor, and slandered Queen Xu and Ban Jieyu with slanderous words. Emperor Cheng believed the slander and deposed Empress Xu, but Ban Jieyu was spared by questioning her. However, she was afraid that she would be in danger soon, so she entered Changxin Palace to serve the Empress Dowager and make a fortune to live her life. After the death of Emperor Cheng, she moved to the cemetery and died there at the age of about fifty.

Ban Jieyu is one of the few female writers in the history of the development of Ci and Fu, and she is also the creator of the earlier five-character poem. There is a volume of her works recorded in "Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi", but later most of them were lost. Only a few pieces such as "Zi Mourning Fu", "Tao Su Fu", and "Resentful Song Fu" remain, all of which express her depression in the palace. , "Ode to Self-mourning" is authentic and most famous.

3 Xu Shu,

The year of birth and death and the font size are unknown. People from Longxi. The wife of Qin Jia, a poet of the Eastern Han Dynasty. When Qin Jia went to Luoyang, Xu Shu returned home due to illness and could not say goodbye. After Qin Jiake died in a foreign country, Brother Xu Shu forced her to remarry. She "destroyed her appearance and refused to marry, and mourned and lost her life" ("Shitong·Characters"), and remained a widow for the rest of her life.

4 Ban Zhao

A woman from the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote about the Fu family. A Ji, named Huiban. A native of Fufeng Anling (now Xianyang, Shaanxi Province). The year of birth and death is unknown.

Ban Biao girl, Ban Gu girl. Married to Cao Shishu and became a widow in his early years. His elder brother, Ban Gu, wrote the "Book of Han", but he died before the "Biao" and "Tianwen Zhi" were completed. Zhao was learned and talented, and Emperor He issued an edict to continue it. She often visited the palace and served as a teacher for the queen and concubines, and was known as "Cao Master". Every time someone contributed something foreign, Zhao was often asked to compose a poem. During the reign of Empress Dowager Deng, Ban Zhao and Wen Zheng were involved in political affairs. The famous scholar Ma Rong once taught him. He has written 16 poems and essays.

5 Cai Yan was a female poet during the Han and Wei dynasties. The courtesy name Wenji, also known as Zhaoji, was born in Chenliuyu (now Qixian County, Henan Province). Her birth and death dates are unknown. The daughter of the famous writer Cai Yong. He was erudite and talented since childhood, good at diction, and good at music. She first married Wei Zhongdao in Hedong Province. Her husband died without any children and she returned to her mother's family. At the end of the Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, and Dong Zhuo invaded Luoyang. She was first forced by Dong Zhuo's army to move west to Chang'an, and then she was captured by the Southern Xiongnu army in the second year of Xingping (195). She spent 12 years among the Xiongnu and gave birth to two sons. In the twelfth year of Jian'an (207), Cao Cao sent an envoy with a golden jade to the southern Xiongnu to redeem Cai Yan. After Cai Yan returned to the Central Plains, he remarried Dong Si, the commander of the army. He once recalled and rewritten more than 400 pieces of his late father's works. Cai Yan's surviving works include a five-character "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" and a piece in Sao style, as well as "Eighteen Beats of Hujia". The plot described in the Sao style "Poetry of Sorrow and Anger" is quite inconsistent with Cai Yan's life, and many scholars think it is a pretentious work. "Eighteen Pai of Hujia" first appeared in Zhu Xi's "Collected Commentary on Songs of Chu·Afterwords" in the Song Dynasty. It is not included in "Book of the Later Han". It is stylistically far from the works of that time, so some scholars believe that it was also forged by later generations.

6 Xie Daoyun,

A famous female poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born in the Xie family, a famous family in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was the niece of the famous Prime Minister Xie An. Xie Daoyun was quite talented in literature when he was young. One day at a family gathering, everyone was chatting around the fire. It happened to be snowing heavily. Xie An came up and asked, "What's the plan for the white snow?" Dao Yun said to him, "It's not like catkins blowing up due to the wind." Xie An was overjoyed when he heard this. He thought her metaphor was exquisite and her writing was quick. Later generations praised his poems as "the talent of singing snow".

Xie Daoyun also inherited Xie An's excellent qualities of calmness and calmness, and his excellent qualities of not changing his face even when Mount Tai collapsed. When Sun En's Five Dou Rice Sect attacked Kuaiji, his husband Wang Ningzhi (the second son of the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi) was at a loss as a prefect and did not know how to arrange his troops. He only knew how to pray to God and worship Buddha. However, Dao Yun continued to fight until he was exhausted and was captured. When being escorted to Sun En, he was not afraid of violence and directly criticized Sun En for his cruelty and cruelty. He was unafraid and calm in the face of danger. He defeated the former Qin Dynasty Fu Jian's million-strong army while talking and laughing while writing poems and playing chess with Xie An. His demeanor was the same as that of everyone who won the Battle of Feishui. He can be said to be a hero among women, not inferior to men.

It can be seen from the above that Xie Daoyun's demeanor and broad-mindedness are beyond the comparison of ordinary weak women: in terms of talent, she may not be as good as Cai Wenji and Li Qingzhao; in terms of beauty, she may not be as good as Xi Shi and Yuhuan; however, In terms of demeanor and mind, Dao Yun is undoubtedly an outstanding representative of women in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Under the shadow of many famous people in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Xie Daoyun was really a strange flower unknown to most people, so people at the time called him: "He has a relaxed look, so he has the atmosphere of the forest."

7 Bao Linghui

A female poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Her birth and death dates are unknown. She was the sister of the famous poet Bao Zhao. It seems that she had died during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu of the Song Dynasty, as mentioned in the "Request for Leave" poem by Bao Linghui. Poetry

8 Xue Tao (? ~ 832 to 835), a female poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi). Her father, Xue Yun, entered Shu as an official. His wife and daughter lived in Shu. Xue Tao was beautiful in appearance and intelligent. He was good at poetry at the age of 8 and had many talents. During the reign of Dezong Zhenyuan (785~804), Wei Gao was appointed as the governor of Xichuan in Jiannan. After that, Yuan Zi, Liu □, Gao Chongwen, Wu Yuanheng, Li Yijian, Wang Bo, Duan Wenchang, Du Yuanying, Guo Zhao and Li Deyu successively suppressed Shu, and she was a singer and Qing guest. Wei Gao once proposed to the imperial court to confer the official title of Secretary Provincial School Secretary, but it was not implemented due to the old practice, but people often call it "Jinjiang Collection", which is now in 5 volumes. There is one volume of his poems recorded in "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" by Zhang Pengzhou.

9 Li Qingzhao

(AD 1084-1151?), named Yi Anju, was born in Zhangqiu, Jinan, and was an outstanding female poet in the Song Dynasty. Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family. His father, Li Gefei, was proficient in classics and history and was good at prose. His mother, Wang, was also good at writing and writing. Under the influence of her family, she became outstanding in literary talent at a young age. Li Qingzhao was proficient in poetry, poetry, prose, calligraphy, painting, and music, and his achievement in poetry was the highest. Li Qingzhao's words are euphemistic, fresh and sincere. The early poems mainly describe the lives of girls and young women, and mostly write about the relationship between girls and women, revealing her yearning for love life and the pain of separation and lovesickness. Her later poems mostly lamented her life experience, and sometimes revealed her nostalgia for the Central Plains to express her patriotism. Li Qingzhao's literary creation has a distinctive and unique artistic style. He ranks first in the graceful school and has a greater influence on later generations. He is unique in the CI world and is called Yi'an style. Li Qingzhao's early poems truly reflected her life in the boudoir, her thoughts and feelings, and expressed the natural scenery and sorrow of separation. Two poems, such as "Ru Meng Ling", are lively and fresh, with meaningful meaning. Words such as "Recalling the Flute on the Phoenix Stage", "One Cut of Plum Blossoms", and "Drunk Flower Yin" describe the lonely life and express the longing for her husband. The twists and turns, clear and handsome, show the author's love for nature and longing for nature. The beautiful love life breaks through the barriers of previous poems about women's grievances among flowers and has certain literary value.

10 Zhu Shuzhen

(Alive around 1131) The first name was Shuzhen, named Youqi Jushi. A native of Yanguan County. His father once served as an official in western Zhejiang and his family was well off. Young Yinghui, well versed in classics and history, good at writing and painting, proficient in music and rhythm, and especially good at poetry. Known as a talented woman. Because her parents made the decision, she married a woman who had different interests and interests. After marriage, her life was very unsatisfactory and she ended up depressed. The works were burned by his parents, and later generations compiled the circulated works into two volumes of "Hanchang Collection" (poems), one volume of "Hanchang Ci" and "Xuanji Picture Notes", which have been passed down from generation to generation and have many versions. Most of his poems describe personal love life. In the early period, his writing style was bright, his words were clear and graceful, and his emotions were touching. In his later period, his poems were melancholy and depressing, with a lot of resentment and sentimentality. The artistic achievements of his works are quite high, and later generations are often compared with Li Qingzhao. The widely circulated "Shengchazi": "...the willow branches on the moon, people make appointments after dusk", has long been believed to be written by Zhu Shuzhen, and recently the academic community believes that it is actually written by Ouyang Xiu. Zhu Shuzhen's origin and life experience have always been described in different ways. The "Sikuquanshu" identifies him as "a native of Haining in central Zhejiang Province". His tomb is in Qingzhiwu, Hangzhou.

11 Yan Rui

(birth and death unknown), whose original surname was Zhou and whose given name was Youfang, was a female poet in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty. Born in a humble background, she studied music, rituals, poetry, and calligraphy since she was a child. She became a prostitute in Taizhou and changed her stage name to Yan Rui. He is good at playing the piano, playing chess, singing and dancing, silk and bamboo, calligraphy and painting. He is knowledgeable about ancient and modern times, and his poems have fresh meaning. He is famous all over the world, and people come from thousands of miles away to visit him. In the ninth year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1182), Tang Zhongyou, the magistrate of Taizhou, settled Yan Rui, Wang Hui and other four people, and returned to Huangyan to live with his mother. In the same year, Changping in eastern Zhejiang sent Zhu Xi to inspect Taizhou. Because Tang Zhongyou's Yongkang school opposed Zhu Xi's Neo-Confucianism, Zhu Xi impeached Tang Zhongyou in six articles. The third and fourth articles discussed the crime of Tang Zhongyou and Yan Rui's corruption, and ordered Huangyan to arrest him. Yan Rui was arrested, imprisoned in Taizhou and Shaoxing, and whipped to force him to confess. Yan said: "As a lowly prostitute, even if she has sex with the eunuch, she will not die. However, if it is not true or false, how can she make false claims to taint the scholar-bureaucrats? Even if she is dead, she cannot be falsely accused." This matter was discussed in the government and the public, which shocked Xiaozong.

Zhu Xi changed his official position, Yue Lin was appointed to Tidian Prison, and Yan Rui was released and asked about her fate. Yan Rui's "Business Master": "It's not that you are in love with the world, but you seem to be misled by the past. Flowers fall and bloom in their own time, and they always rely on the emperor of the East. They must go eventually, and how can they live here! If you have a head full of mountain flowers, don't ask the slaves Return home." Yue Lin was ordered to be a concubine by the Zhao Song clan. Many of his poems have been lost, but only three such as "Ru Meng Ling", "Magpie Bridge Immortal" and "Bu Suan Zi" remain. The drama "Don't Ask Where the Slaves Go" adapted from it has been performed for a long time.