The vocal music of Cantonese opera can be divided into three categories: banqiang, Qupai and Poetry. In fact, this is all related to the development of traditional Chinese opera and Cantonese opera.
Poetry praise is also called rap. Guangdong's local opera music should be mainly composed of rap-like Nanyin, Muyu, Dragon Boat, Banyan and Cantonese, because it is composed according to the language characteristics of Cantonese. On the basis of flat words and up-and-down sentences, Guangdong's rap-like aria and lyrics must be divided into two groups of up-and-down sentences, because Cantonese is divided into yin and yang, which is different from that of northern languages, and there is a great difference in pronunciation.
The basic features of Cantonese opera vocal music are banqiang, that is, Bangzi and Erhuang, commonly known as "Banghuang", which is similar to the "Pihuang" of Beijing Opera. Therefore, Cantonese opera also belongs to the operas in the north and south roads, that is, there are "Erhuang" singing in the south road and "Bangzi" singing in the north road.
The most fundamental difference between Banqiang Opera, Ode Opera and Qupai Opera is that Banqiang Opera and Ode Opera have no fixed melody, and the melody is determined by the pronunciation of the lyrics, so even if they are both "slow board" or "medium board", they can have different musical melodies because of different lyrics.
In Qupai-style opera, however, the melody is first followed by the lyrics, among which the backbone tone cannot be modified. Therefore, no matter thousands of songs with the same Qupai, even if the lyrics are different, their distribution tones must be the same, otherwise a ditty will be filled differently.
although there are different plates and modes in the Cantonese opera "Banghuang", there are mainly two forms (of course, some newly created forms, such as orderly middle plate, Xipi and Love Tan, are special cases), that is, the old form and the new form.
The old musical form refers to the different forms that developed from seven-character sentences to cross-character sentences, and it is characterized by being divided into upper and lower sentences according to the flat and flat meter of modern poetry. At first, it began with the seven-sentence rolling, and then it developed into the seven-sentence middle board, then into the cross-sentence middle board, then into the cross-sentence adagio, and then into the seven-sentence adagio.
The way of expanding the seven-character sentence into a cross sentence is to add a flat word opposite to the second word and the fourth word before the first word and the third word, and add a word before the fifth word, that is, to form a cross sentence. Examples are as follows: "Catch a cold river with a golden hook and silver bait" —— A dream in the West Building, in which Xiao Xiaochi sings an adagio.
this song can be sung as "hurry up", and it can also be changed into adagio or adagio in cross sentence, which is modified as follows: "Catch a gold hook, throw a silver bait, fish alone, and be cold."
Similarly, the middle board in some cross sentences can be reversed, for example, "If you want to steal the hedge flowers and recall the willows by the embankment, let me tell you the past, which is sad." -
The text of the cross sentence in
The story of the Near-re-embodiment of Red Plum is as follows: "Hedgerow flowers, willows on the bank, the past is sad." -
Go back to the seven sentences.-"The willow affair with the hedge lace is sad" can also be used to sing the adagio's first meal or hurry up. The only musical instruments used in early Cantonese opera were Er Xian, Violin, Yueqin, Xiao Di, San Xian and Gong and cymbals, and their tones were relatively simple. After the lifting of the ban on Cantonese opera in Qing Dynasty, bangzi was added.
After entering the mature stage, there are more than forty instruments used in Cantonese opera, which can be roughly divided into four categories: wind instruments, plucked instruments, stringed instruments and percussion instruments. Among them, plucked instruments include guzheng, pipa and butterfly piano; The gongs and drums include fish board, sand drum, double-skin drum/bang drum, cymbals, jingluo, hook gong, war drum, big wooden fish, small wooden fish, big gongs and cymbals, and big drums. After the reform of Cantonese Opera, many western musical instruments, such as saxophone and violin, were adopted, which made the music effect more perfect.
Bangzi belongs to bamboo percussion instruments with no fixed pitch. It is called "Bangzi" in the north and "Nanbangzi" in the south, also called "Fangbangzi". The bangzi used in northern operas is solid, referred to as "Bangzi" for short. The southern bangzi is divided into large, medium and small ones, and is made of rectangular hollow wooden blocks. When playing, it is hung on a bracket and played with a drum stick. Because you can hit the sound continuously and quickly, it is easy to create a warm and tense atmosphere. Because bangzi is used to beat the beat, it produces a "bangzi cavity". Bangzi Opera, also known as Shaanxi Opera or Western Shaanxi Opera, originated in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Gansu, and slowly spread to Guangdong in the early 17th century (early Qing Dynasty). Bangzi cavity is divided into head board, adagio, middle board, knurling board, sigh board and brake board.
Muyu is also a bamboo percussion instrument with no fixed pitch. It looks like a fish head, hollowed out in the middle into a * * * singing box, with a long fish mouth on the front, and holding a small mallet to make sound. Wooden fish was originally a Buddhist instrument and an accompaniment instrument for religious music, and later it was gradually adopted by folk instrumental music. Muyu has a hollow timbre, short pronunciation, and is lively and lively. It often plays the role of accompaniment and is used as a beat when counting white olives. In the industry, the band or musician is called the tent surface, and the leader of the gongs and drums is the palm board. Sit on the left side of the stage. The canopy surface should be familiar with the gongs and drums to create an atmosphere for the audience. For example: singing a mallet, collecting and digging a mallet, collecting and digging three mallets, poem white gongs and drums, white orchid gongs and drums, flash hammers, sharp winds and rattle drums.
in the early days, there were ten hands on the shed surface: flute, three-stringed flute, cymbals (night), drums (night), gongs (night), drums/auxiliary drums (day). Later, it absorbed other local operas and added short pipes, long pipes, jinghu and dulcimer. Xue Juexian took the lead in introducing western musical instruments, and even created the "Western Music Department". The folk musical instruments include the Brahman Dumbbell, Muqin, Wendelian, Guitar, Sexist Style and Banzu. The music score of Cantonese opera is called Gongchi notation, which is a traditional notation of Cantonese opera. Similar to the operas used in other places, they all use the music in the representative vocals such as He, Shi, B, Shang, Chi, Gong, Anti and Six. Qupai generally refers to rap and plate-type tune names outside the Qupai system. Cantonese opera aria is divided into two systems, one is the banqiang system, and the other is the Qupai system. Mainly divided into brands, major and minor. Tunes have fixed melodies, including: Yingao, Yintai, Cursing Yulang, Qiu Jiang Crying Farewell and Autumn Moon in Pinghu.